Body Size and Body Shape: Perceptions of Black Women With Diabetes

Pre- and post-weaning functional demands on body size and shape of mammals are often in conflict, especially in species where weaning involves a change of habitat. Compared with long lactations, brief lactations are expected to be associated with fast rates of development and attainment of adult traits. We describe allometry and growth for several morphological traits in two closely related fur seal species with large differences in lactation duration at a sympatric site. Longitudinal data were collected from Antarctic ( Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875); 120 d lactation) and subantarctic ( Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray, 1872); 300 d lactation) fur seals. Body mass was similar in neonates of both species, but A. gazella neonates were longer, less voluminous, and had larger foreflippers. The species were similar in rate of preweaning growth in body mass, but growth rates of linear variables were faster for A. gazella pups. Consequently, neonatal differences in body shape increased over lactation, and A. gazella pups approached adult body shape faster than did A. tropicalis pups. Our results indicate that preweaning growth is associated with significant changes in body shape, involving the acquisition of a longer, more slender body with larger foreflippers in A. gazella. These differences suggest that A. gazella pups are physically more mature at approximately 100 d of age (close to weaning age) than A. tropicalis pups of the same age.

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Body size values of white and black women

Research in Nursing & Health ◽

10.1002/nur.4770160503 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 323-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

Janet D. Allan ◽

Kelly Mayo ◽

Yvonne Michel

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Black Women

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Dissatisfaction With Body Size Among Low‐Income, Postpartum Black Women

Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing ◽

10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00127.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 144-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Josephine Boyington ◽

Allan Johnson ◽

Lori Carter‐Edwards

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Black Women ◽

Low Income

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Correlates of Children's Eating Attitude Test Scores among Primary School Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.100.2.463-472 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 463-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zalilah Mohd Shariff ◽

Zaidah Mohamed Yasin

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Primary School ◽

Body Shape ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Eating Attitude Test ◽

Attitude Test ◽

School Girls

A total of 107 Malay primary school girls (8–9 yr. old) completed a set of measurements on eating behavior (ChEAT, food neophobia scales, and dieting experience), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, body shape satisfaction, dietary intake, weight, and height. About 38% of the girls scored 20 and more on the ChEAT, and 46% of them reported dieting by reducing sugar and sweets (73%), skipping meals (67%), reducing fat foods (60%) and snacks (53%) as the most frequent methods practiced. In general, those girls with higher ChEAT scores tended to have lower self-esteem ( r = .39), indicating they were more unwilling to try new foods (food neophobic) ( r = .29), chose a smaller figure for desired body size ( r = −.25), and were more dissatisfied with their body size ( r = .31).

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Body Size of Black Women Who Suffered a Hip Fracture

Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly ◽

10.1300/j052v07n04_02 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Olivia Walden ◽

Jacqueline DeWorth

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Black Women ◽

Hip Fracture

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An Upper Jurassic ichthyosaur (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae) from the Bowser Basin, British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjes-2015-0103 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Robin L. Sissons ◽

Michael W. Caldwell ◽

Carol A. Evenchick ◽

Donald B. Brinkman ◽

Matthew J. Vavrek

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Body Size ◽

Late Jurassic ◽

Body Shape ◽

Depositional Environment ◽

Upper Jurassic ◽

Generic Level ◽

Shallow Marine ◽

Northwestern North America ◽

High Diversity

Although the Jurassic was a period of high diversity in ichthyosaurs, only a small number of specimens have been recorded from Canada to date. We describe here a new occurrence of an ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from a shallow marine depositional environment within the Bowser Basin of northern British Columbia. Based on vertebral diameters and the size of the humerus, the ichthyosaur was relatively large compared to other contemporaneous forms, yet possessed teeth that were small for its body size. As well, the height to length ratio of the preserved vertebrae suggests it may have had a more elongate, less regionalized body shape. Although indeterminate at a generic level, the presence of Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs in nearshore waters of northwestern North America further demonstrates their cosmopolitan distribution.

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The effect of inbreeding, body size and morphology on health in dog breeds

Canine Medicine and Genetics ◽

10.1186/s40575-021-00111-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Danika Bannasch ◽

Thomas Famula ◽

Jonas Donner ◽

Heidi Anderson ◽

Leena Honkanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Size ◽

Body Shape ◽

Robust Regression ◽

Coat Color ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Size And Morphology ◽

Insurance Data ◽

Head Type

Abstract Background Dog breeds are known for their distinctive body shape, size, coat color, head type and behaviors, features that are relatively similar across members of a breed. Unfortunately, dog breeds are also characterized by distinct predispositions to disease. We explored the relationships between inbreeding, morphology and health using genotype based inbreeding estimates, body weight and insurance data for morbidity. Results The average inbreeding based on genotype across 227 breeds was Fadj = 0.249 (95% CI 0.235–0.263). There were significant differences in morbidity between breeds with low and high inbreeding (H = 16.49, P = 0.0004). There was also a significant difference in morbidity between brachycephalic breeds and non-brachycephalic breeds (P = 0.0048) and between functionally distinct groups of breeds (H = 14.95 P < 0.0001). Morbidity was modeled using robust regression analysis and both body weight (P < 0.0001) and inbreeding (P = 0.013) were significant (r2 = 0.77). Smaller less inbred breeds were healthier than larger more inbred breeds. Conclusions In this study, body size and inbreeding along with deleterious morphologies contributed to increases in necessary health care in dogs.

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A study on 3D virtual body formation and deformation by body shape analysis

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology ◽

10.1108/ijcst-09-2018-0121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 755-776

Author(s):

Heekyung Jang ◽

Jianhui Chen

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Shape Analysis ◽

Body Shape ◽

The Body ◽

Deformation Model ◽

Content Type ◽

Body Formation ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Virtual Body ◽

Body Shape Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use body shape analysis and develop a 3D virtual body formation and deformation model that can accurately express size and shape. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, 1,882 sets of direct measurement data of Korean women in their 20s (19–29 years) were analyzed. These data sets were sourced from the sixth and seventh “Size Korea” anthropometric survey data. Through body shape analysis, the authors classified them into seven body types and selected their representative bodies. A 2D image based on the height, breadth, depth and length was first formed, and the representative virtual body was modeled using the polygon technique. The authors calculated the grading ratios for each body type according to the clothing sizing system, and modified the virtual body size type by morphing technique. Findings In order to accurately evaluate the fit in a virtual fitting system, it is necessary to study the body size and shape of the target age; this makes it possible to form virtual body reflecting the size and shape. Originality/value In this paper, the authors propose a new 3D virtual body formation method that is more accurate in shape and size compared to the present system. Through this, it will be possible to grasp the accurate simulation state in the virtual fitting system, and thereby evaluate the accurate fit.

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