scholarly journals The effect of inbreeding, body size and morphology on health in dog breeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danika Bannasch ◽  
Thomas Famula ◽  
Jonas Donner ◽  
Heidi Anderson ◽  
Leena Honkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
Head Type

Abstract Background Dog breeds are known for their distinctive body shape, size, coat color, head type and behaviors, features that are relatively similar across members of a breed. Unfortunately, dog breeds are also characterized by distinct predispositions to disease. We explored the relationships between inbreeding, morphology and health using genotype based inbreeding estimates, body weight and insurance data for morbidity. Results The average inbreeding based on genotype across 227 breeds was Fadj = 0.249 (95% CI 0.235–0.263). There were significant differences in morbidity between breeds with low and high inbreeding (H = 16.49, P = 0.0004). There was also a significant difference in morbidity between brachycephalic breeds and non-brachycephalic breeds (P = 0.0048) and between functionally distinct groups of breeds (H = 14.95 P < 0.0001). Morbidity was modeled using robust regression analysis and both body weight (P < 0.0001) and inbreeding (P = 0.013) were significant (r2 = 0.77). Smaller less inbred breeds were healthier than larger more inbred breeds. Conclusions In this study, body size and inbreeding along with deleterious morphologies contributed to increases in necessary health care in dogs.

scholarly journals The Composition of the Blood of the Shore Crab, Carcinus Moenas Pennant, in Relation to Sex and Body Size

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
A. B. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Blood Conductivity ◽  
Significant Difference

1. The influence of body size and sex on the total osmotic pressure (O.P.) and blood conductivity of the shore crab was investigated. 2. In both sexes the O.P. fell steadily as body weight increased. 3. At any body weight the O.P. of the blood of male crabs was significantly higher that that of females. 4. Blood conductivity increased in both sexes until a maximum was reached at a weight of about 35 g. Thereafter the conductivity fell as the weight increased. 5. There was no significant difference in blood conductivity between male and female crabs below 35 g. body weight. Above 35 g. the conductivity of males was significantly higher than that of females.

scholarly journals The Composition of the Blood of the Shore Crab, Carcinus Moenas Pennant, in Relation to Sex and Body Size

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
A. B. GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common

1. The influence of sex and body weight on the concentration of sulphate and chloride ions in the blood of the common shore crab was investigated. 2. Blood chloride increased in both sexes until a maximum was reached at a weight of about 35 g.; thereafter it fell with increasing body weight. 3. Over the whole size range blood chloride was higher in females than in males. This difference was highly significant for animals over 35 g. body weight; below 35 g. however, there was no significant difference between the sexes. 4. Over a restricted size range blood sulphate of males was significantly higher than that of females. 5. Results of the present work have been discussed in relation to those reported earlier for conductivity and total O.P.

scholarly journals Polymorphism Analysis of TGF-β2 Gene and Its Association with Body Weight and Body Size Measurements of Tolaki Chicken

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amrullah Pagala ◽  
Rusli Badaruddin ◽  
Deki Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Tibia Length

This study aims to identify the transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) gene then associate it with body weight and body size measurements in Tolaki chicken. Tolaki chicken used in this study amounted to 60 hens, the results of hatching in the Lab. Halu Oleo University Poultry Unit, Kendari. Maintenance from 6 weeks to 12 weeks. Observed data include; body weight, back length, chest circumference, shank length, tibia length, femur length, and wing length, were measured every week during the study. The diversity of the TGF-β2 gene was identified using the PCR-RFLP method. The genotype frequency values ??of TT (39), TC (18), and CC (3), respectively 0.65, 0.30, and 0.05. The value of frequency of T allele and C allele are 0.80 and 0.20 of the total population, respectively. The results of the chi-square TGF-β2 gene are in Hardy-Weinberg balance. Statistical results showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the TT, TC and CC genotypes in the TGF-β2 gene with the weight parameters and body measurements of the Tolaki chicken.

scholarly journals Body Size in Relation to Oxygen Consumption and Pleopod Beat in Ligia Oceanica L

1951 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ELLENBY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. Male Ligia oceanica were used in an investigation of the relationship of body size to rate of oxygen consumption and pleopod beat. 2. Animals varied in weight from 0.04 to 1.03 g. and from 0.95 to 3.1 cm. in length. 3. Body shape does not change significantly over the size range, for length and breadth both increase at the same rate, and pleopod dimensions bear a constant relation to body length. 4. Specific gravity also is constant, for the relation of body weight to the cube of body length shows no trend with increasing size. 5. Oxygen consumption per gram decreases with increasing size and is proportional to the -0.274 Power of body weight. Total oxygen consumption is therefore proportional to the 0.726 power of body weight; but this value does not differ significantly from two-thirds. 6. As shape is constant, surface area is proportional to the square of a linear dimension. It is shown that oxygen consumption per unit of length2 is constant over the size range. Although body length was measured far less accurately than body weight it is shown that it assesses ‘body size’ more accurately. 7. Rate of pleopod beat was measured at 15 and 25°C.; it decreases with the size of the animal. At 15°C. time per beat varies as the 0.66 power of body length, and at 25°C. as the 0.59 power; neither of these values differs significantly from 0.5. Despite the fact that pleopod movement is heavily damped, the rate therefore varies like that of a pendulum. 9. The workof Fox (1936-9) and Fox et al. (1937a)on the rate of oxygen consumption of animals from cold and warmer seas and from different habitats is considered. It is suggested that many of their comparisons are invalidated by differences in body size of the animals concerned, and that, in relation to environment, no basis, theoretical or experimental, has been established for a distinction between ‘nonlocomotory’ and ‘activity’ metabolism.

Parent’s Experiences from the Treatment of their Children at the Physic Children’s Surgery Clinic in Skopje.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trajchevska ◽  
A. Lleshi ◽  
S. Gjoshev ◽  
A. Trajchevski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Parental Satisfaction ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The respect of the needs and wishes of the patients is in the focus of the human health system. The experience of the parents in terms of child’s health care may be used as an indicator of quality of the health care. Material and methods: The research is a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, simple random sample of 207 parents / guardians is covered, whose children in the period of three months, had been hospitalized in the hospital department JZUU Pediatric Surgery Clinic in Skopje.It was used a two parted questionnaire. The first part is a standardized questionnaire (Parent Experience of Pediatric Care - PECP), and the second part concerns the general socio-demographic data of the parent/guardian. Statistical evaluation was performed using appropriate statistical programs (Statistics for Windows 7,0 and SPSS 17.0). Results: In accordance with the age of the parents, the survey respondents were divided into two groups: a) age ≤ 33 years - 107 (51.69%) and b) age> 33 years - 100 (48.31%).Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the receipt of their child to the clinic research confirms the age of the parent under / over 33 years due to 4.1% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,041). Parents generally believe that their children's room of the clinic is "good", without significant difference between parental satisfaction from both age groups (Mann-Whitney U Test Z = -0,9613 p = 0,3364). Significant independent predictor of parental satisfaction from the room of their child improves the health status after treatment due to 6% of the change in satisfaction (R2 = 0,060). Parents generally believe that testing and treatment of their children in the clinic was "very good" and an independent significant predictor is to improve the health status after the treatment - 7,8% (R2 = 0,078). Conclusions: Regardless of the generally good parental satisfaction about health care for their children, it is necessary to continuously monitor the status of the clinic in order to consider the possible deficiencies and needs of intervention.

Isolation, morphometry, and culture of Colurella sp. (Rotifera: Ploimida)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Petrus P Letsoin ◽  
Henneke Pangkey ◽  
Julius Sampekalo ◽  
Inneke F.M Rumengan ◽  
Stenly Wullur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Tropical Fish ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Brachionus Rotundiformis ◽  
Marine Fish Larvae ◽  
Significant Difference

The rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis (total body length 240.59±10.24 μm, lorica length 175.28±9.18 μm, and lorica width 124.28±7.76μm) is commonly used as starter food in the larval rearing of marine fish. But, larvae of some marine tropical fish species required starter food with body size smaller than B. rotundiformis. The present study was aimed to isolate minute rotifers from nature and to assess the possibility of culturing these rotifers. Sampling of rotifers was conducted in an estuary of Mangket (Kema-Minut), using plankton net (mesh size 40 µm). A trial of culturing the rotifers was conducted at salinities of 10, 20 and 30 ppt by using a microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata. A species of rotifer identified as Colurella sp. (family Lepadellidae) was successfully isolated from the sampling location. Body size of Colurella sp. was extremely small (Total length 123.22±5.45 μm, lorica length 95.96±3.81 μm, and lorica width 53.57±3.11 μm), which were smaller than Brachionus rotundiformis SS-type as a conventional starter food for marine fish larvae.  Results of culturing the minute rotifer Colurella sp. showed that the species grew well at salinities of 10, 20 and 30 ppt with no significant difference among treatments (ANOVA, p>0.05), indicating a potential use of minute rotifer Colurellasp. as starter food for marine fish larvae. Rotifera Branchionus rotundiformis (ukuran tubuh: panjang total 240,59±10,24 μm, panjang lorika 175,28±9,18 μm, dan lebar lorika 124,28±7,76μm) sering digunakan sebagai pakan awal pemeliharaan larva ikan laut. Namun, larva beberapa spesis ikan laut tropis membutuhkan pakan awal berukuran tubuh lebih kecil dari Branchionus rotundiformis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan minute rotifer dari alam (berukuran tubuh lebih kecil dari B. rotundiformis) dan menguji kemungkinan pemeliharaannya. Sampling rotifer dilakukan di perairan estuari Desa Mangket (Kema-Minut), menggunakan plankton net (ukuran mata jaring 40 µm). Uji coba pemeliharaan dilakukan pada salinitas (10, 20, dan 30 ppt) dengan menggunakan Nannochloropsis oculata. Satu spesies minute rotifer yang teridentifikasi sebagai Colurella sp. (family Lepadellidae) berhasil diisolasi dari lokasi sampling. Colurella sp. memiliki ukuran tubuh sangat kecil (panjang total [PT] 123,22±5,45 µm, panjang lorika [PL] 95,96±3,81 µm, dan lebar lorik [LL] 53,57±3,11 µm) yang mana lebih kecil dari Branchionus rotundiformis tipe-SS sebagai pakan awal larva ikan laut. Hasil uji coba pemeliharaan minute rotifer Colurella sp. menunjukkan bahwa spesis ini dapat tumbuh pada salinitas 10, 20, dan 30 ppt dengan perbedaan kepadatan populasi yang tidak signifikan antar perlakuan (Uji ANOVA, p > 0.05) mengindikasikan potensi pemanfaatan minute rotifer Colurella sp. sebagai pakan awal larva ikan laut.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Cloned Pietrain Boars

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Junsong Shi ◽  
Baohua Tan ◽  
Lvhua Luo ◽  
Zicong Li ◽  
Linjun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
F1 Progeny

How to maximize the use of the genetic merits of the high-ranking boars (also called superior ones) is a considerable question in the pig breeding industry, considering the money and time spent on selection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is one of the potential ways to answer the question, which can be applied to produce clones with genetic resources of superior boar for the production of commercial pigs. For practical application, it is essential to investigate whether the clones and their progeny keep behaving better than the “normal boars”, considering that in vitro culture and transfer manipulation would cause a series of harmful effects to the development of clones. In this study, 59,061 cloned embryos were transferred into 250 recipient sows to produce the clones of superior Pietrain boars. The growth performance of 12 clones and 36 non-clones and the semen quality of 19 clones and 28 non-clones were compared. The reproductive performance of 21 clones and 25 non-clones were also tested. Furthermore, we made a comparison in the growth performance between 466 progeny of the clones and 822 progeny of the non-clones. Our results showed that no significant difference in semen quality and reproductive performance was observed between the clones and the non-clones, although the clones grew slower and exhibited smaller body size than the non-clones. The F1 progeny of the clones showed a greater growth rate than the non-clones. Our results demonstrated through the large animal population showed that SCNT manipulation resulted in a low growth rate and small body size, but the clones could normally produce F1 progeny with excellent growth traits to bring more economic benefits. Therefore, SCNT could be effective in enlarging the merit genetics of the superior boars and increasing the economic benefits in pig reproduction and breeding.

scholarly journals Gendered Association Between Employment Status and Unmet Health Care Needs Among Middle-Aged Koreans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
Si Young Song ◽  
Hey Jung Jun ◽  
Susanna Joo ◽  
Sun Ah Lee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unmet Health Care Needs

Abstract Previous studies show that working people are less likely to experience unmet health care needs than non-workers. Also, employment and health are located in gendered social contexts. The present study aims to examine the moderating effect of gender on the association between employment status and unmet health care needs among middle-aged Koreans. We conducted logistic regression using the Korean Health Panel data (in 2016 and 2017; N=2,573, age range=45-64). Having experiences unmet health care needs in 2017 was the binary dependent variable. Employment status in 2016 was the binary independent variable and gender was the moderating variable. Age, education level, marital status, annual income, household type, type of medical security, disability, self-rated health, the number of chronic diseases, and stress level in 2016 were also in the analytic model based on the Andersen’s health behavioral model. The percentages of middle-aged people experiencing unmet health care needs were 18% for working men, 11% for non-working men, 13% for working women, and 16% for non-working women. The result showed there was significant moderating effect of gender (B= .72, p&lt; .05). Specifically, working men were less likely to experience unmet health care needs than non-working men. On the contrary, there was not the significant difference in experiencing unmet health care needs between working and non-working women. It indicates that it is necessary to supplement medical services for especially for middle-aged men who are not employed because they might experience considerable amounts of unmet health care needs.

scholarly journals Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽  
Anastassia Esseridou ◽  
Massimiliano Agrò ◽  
Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

scholarly journals Measurement of empathy among health professionals during Syrian crisis using the Syrian empathy scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayssoon Dashash ◽  
Mounzer Boubou
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Empathy Score ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Empathy Scale

Abstract Background Health professionals should have certain degree of empathy to eliminate the pain and suffering of their patients. There is a need to design a scale, which can assess empathy among health professionals and is relevant to community and culture. Therefore, this study was undertaken to measure the empathy among Syrian health professionals and students of health professions using a newly designed Syrian Empathy Scale that is relevant to community during Syrian crisis. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken. A total of 214 participants (118 males and 96 females) responded to the Syrian Empathy Scale SES from Medical (n = 62), Dental (n = 152). They were 59 undergraduates, 116 postgraduates and 39 general practitioners. The SES was designed as a tool that includes 20 items in a 7-point Likert-type scale with overall score ranges from 20 to 140. Group comparisons of the empathy scores were conducted using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). A factor analysis was performed. Bartlett’s test of the sphericity and the KMO measure of sampling adequacy were also determined. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated. Results A significant difference was found between males and females in the SES mean score. The ANOVA analysis showed that the SES empathy scores of dentists were higher than the SES empathy scores in medical doctors with no significant difference. The SES empathy score of undergraduates was significantly higher than postgraduates and practitioners. Findings of KMO indicated sampling adequacy (KMO = 0.824 > 0.7) and the value of Bartlett’s test of the sphericity (1255.65, df = 190, P-value< 0.001) proved that the factor analysis is meaningful and acceptable. The results of varimax rotation proved that five main factors were retained. Conclusion Findings of this study support the reliability of the newly designed Syrian Empathy Scale for measuring empathy in the field of health care. The SES can be suggested for assessing empathy in different health educational programs. However, future works are still essential to support the validity of the scale as well as to ascertain the role of empathy in improving health care.

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