The Relationship Between System Justification and Perspective-Taking and Empathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
John A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
White Person ◽  
The Relationship

Four studies tested the hypotheses that system-justifying beliefs will be negatively associated with perspective-taking (PT) and empathic concern (EC) and this negative relationship will be exacerbated when system-justifying people encounter information that challenges system-justifying stereotypes. System justification and PT and EC were negatively associated at the dispositional level (Study 1). Experimentally increased PT decreased system justification through increased EC (Study 2) whereas experimentally increased system justification decreased PT and EC (Study 3). Moderation analyses indicated that when exposed to status-quo-inconsistent information (e.g., a Black vs. White person and/or a woman vs. man of high socioeconomic status), system-endorsing people were less likely to engage in PT (Study 4). There was no effect of system justification on actual helping behavior.

Bullying, empathic concern, and internalization of rules among preschool children

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Camodeca ◽  
Gabrielle Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Peer Nominations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Q Sort

The present study examined whether bullying, defending, and outsider behaviors in preschool children were associated with two conscience aspects (empathic concern and internalization of rules) and with emotion understanding. We also investigated whether emotion understanding moderated the relationship between these dimensions and bullying roles. Participants were 105 children (51 males), aged 36 to 76 months. Bullying roles were assessed through peer nominations. Internalization of rules and empathic concern were observed in classroom and their scores derived from selected Q-Sort items. Emotion understanding was evaluated with the Puppet Interview administered to children. Results showed that empathic concern and internalization of rules were negatively associated with bullying and outsider behaviors, whereas emotion understanding correlated with defending behavior. The interaction between emotion understanding and internalization of rules was also significant: Low scores on rule-compatible conduct were associated with bullying or outsider behavior, in particular for those children with poor emotion understanding.

scholarly journals Religiosity and Psychotic Ideation in Stable Schizophrenia: A Role for Empathic Perspective-Taking

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rosó Duñó ◽  
Joan Carles Oliva ◽  
Adolf Tobeña ◽  
Diego Palao ◽  
Javier Labad
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between religiosity and different components of empathy was explored in schizophrenia patients. A total of 81 stable schizophrenia patients and 95 controls from the nearby community completed self-reported questionnaires assessing religiosity and empathy (through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI). Patients with schizophrenia showed higher religiousness than controls and they presented less perspective-taking and empathic concern but increased personal distress in IRI scores. Regression analyses unveiled an association between religiosity and perspective-taking in schizophrenics after adjusting for age, gender, and psychotic symptoms. In conclusion, religiosity in patients with schizophrenia may be linked to variations in perspective- taking as a component of empathy.

Avian trait specialization is negatively associated with urban tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Thomas Callaghan ◽  
Yanina ◽  
John Wilshire ◽  
Federico Morelli
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
The Relationship

Generalist species — with their wide niche breadths — are often associated with urban environments, while specialist species are likely to be most at-risk of increasing urbanization processes. But studies which quantify the relationship between trait specialization (i.e., niche breadth) and urban tolerance are generally methodologically limited, with repeatable robust methods to easily quantify this relationship among different regions and time scales often lacking. Our objective was to use novel methods to quantify the relationship between trait specialization and urban tolerance over a broad spatial scale. We used ~ 2 million citizen science observations and spatially intersected these with remotely-sensed VIIRS night-time light values and a novel continuous measure of a species’ trait specialization for 256 European bird species. We found a negative relationship between avian urban tolerance and an overall specialization index. Nesting site niche breadth was especially negatively associated with higher urban tolerance scores. Our results highlight that species with a high degree of trait specialization likely have a lower capacity to persist in urban ecosystems, and hence, could be most at-risk in novel urban ecosystems. We suggest that trait specialization can be used as a proxy for the degree of risk posed by urban environments to a given species.

An Exploration of Empathy and Personality in Preservice Counselors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Kathleen Kutsko ◽  
◽  
Roxanne Duviver ◽  
Gina Oswald ◽  
Adrianne Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Counselor Trainees ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Essential Ingredient ◽  
Counseling Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Empathy allows individuals to care for the well-being of others and act with compassion. Research indicates that empathy is an essential ingredient for developing successful counseling relationships, leading to positive change for clients. Determining how empathy is related to personality provides counselors with valuable information for exploring the impact of personality on empathy in counselor trainees. To explore the relationship between empathy and personality among counselor trainees, the researchers compared scores on the MBTI® and the IRI. Results of this study suggest a clear relationship between personality and empathy and were similar to the findings of previous researchers. In addition, this study demonstrated that the MBTI® type preferences of extraversion, intuition, feeling and perceiving are significantly higher than introversion, sensing, thinking and judging on the various empathy scales, specifically in the areas of empathic concern, perspective taking, personal distress and fantasy. Implications were discussed for both counselor educators and practitioners.

Relationship between leader’s empathic disposition and authorization of idiosyncratic deals

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-387
Author(s):  
Bramhani Rao ◽  
Sambashiva Rao Kunja
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Idiosyncratic Deals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Schedule Flexibility ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between two sub-dimensions of a leader’s empathy (perspective-taking and empathic-concern) and successful authorization of idiosyncratic deals (developmental, location flexibility and schedule flexibility i-deals). Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling was conducted on the cross-sectional data collected from 307 managers working in software development and support companies located in major cities in India. Findings While empathic-concern is positively related to successful authorization of both developmental and flexibility i-deals, perspective-taking related positively to authorization of developmental i-deals and showed no significant relationship with flexibility i-deals. Research limitations/implications The study reiterates the importance of empathy in modern workplaces and encourages managers to be conscious of their intelligence, as well as emotions, while participating in negotiations at the workplace. Originality/value The paper relates i-deals to sub-dimensions of empathy which is a previously unexplored antecedent to i-deals.

scholarly journals The relationship of the development of motor skills and socioeconomic status of family with BMI of children with autism disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Ali Akbar Barrodi sedehi ◽  
Abdollah Ghasemi ◽  
Ali Kashi ◽  
Elham Azimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Autism Disorder

Background and Study Aim. This study aims to examine the relationship between the development of motor skills and the socio-economic status of families with body mass index (BMI) of children with autism disorder. Material and Methods. To this end, 68 children with autism at the age range of 6-13 years old were selected for the study. Their parents completed Family Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire. The motor skills level of children was measured by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). The height and weight of children were measured to calculate their BMI.  Results. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant and negative relationship between the development of motor skills and the socioeconomic status of families with BMI of children with autism. The results of the linear regression test also indicated that motor development and family socioeconomic status are predictors of BMI in people with autism (P<0.05).  Conclusions. It is concluded that the socioeconomic status of the family and the motor development of children with autism are the determinants of their overweight and obesity and these factors should be considered in the interventions for children and families.

scholarly journals Respectful leadership and followers’ knowledge sharing: A social mindfulness lens

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola H Gerpott ◽  
Ulrike Fasbender ◽  
Anne Burmeister
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Wave Field ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Knowledge sharing is a discretionary act of employees who might see benefits in keeping their knowledge to themselves. We focus on the other-oriented nature of knowledge sharing to outline how respectful leadership as an other-oriented leadership style can enhance followers’ knowledge sharing through its effect on followers’ other-orientedness. Specifically, we propose that respectful leaders increase followers’ social mindfulness—defined as the cognitive (i.e. perspective taking) and affective (i.e. empathic concern) willingness to behave in a way that increases others’ opportunities—which facilitates knowledge sharing. To test our conceptual model, we conducted a three-wave field study with 275 followers, and a multi-source field study with 83 leader-follower dyads. In line with our hypotheses, followers’ perspective taking (Study 1 and 2) and empathic concern (Study 1) mediated the positive effect of respectful leadership on followers’ knowledge sharing. Moreover, perspective taking and empathic concern possessed interactive effects in Study 1, suggesting that the relationship between respectful leadership and followers’ knowledge sharing was strongest when both components of social mindfulness were high. We discuss theoretical implications of the identified motivational pathway and elaborate on implications for practitioners who aim to facilitate knowledge sharing at work.

scholarly journals Community contexts, socioeconomic status, and meritocratic beliefs and perceptions in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 2057150X2110232
Author(s):  
Angran Li ◽  
Anning Hu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Prior empirical research on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and meritocratic attitudes has yielded inconsistent findings. This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the heterogeneous relationship between SES and meritocratic beliefs and perceptions across community socioeconomic contexts in China. Using nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies, the results show that individual SES is positively related to support for meritocratic beliefs, but negatively associated with perceptions of meritocracy. Moreover, SES disparities in meritocratic beliefs are more salient in socioeconomically disadvantaged and unequal communities, where residents with relatively higher SES are more likely to hold meritocratic beliefs. In contrast, SES gaps in meritocratic perceptions are more significant in socioeconomically advantaged and homogeneous communities, where individuals with relatively lower SES are more likely to perceive the allocation of resources as meritocratic. These findings provide theoretical insights for understanding how self-interest and system justification theories may jointly explain social origin disparities in public attitudes about meritocracy.

I can see clearly now

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Newman ◽  
Belinda Allen ◽  
Qing Miao
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Although there is growing research on the relationship between ethical leadership and subordinate work behaviors, limited research has examined the boundary conditions under which ethical leadership is more or less effective. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether subordinate perceptions of role clarity in their job role influence the relationship between ethical leadership and subordinate work behaviors. Drawing on both social exchange and social learning theories, the authors predict that in contexts where subordinates perceive low levels of role clarity, the relationship between ethical leadership behavior and subordinate helping and deviant behaviors will be weaker. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 239 employees in the Chinese public sector completed surveys across three separate time points. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings – Analyses provided support for the hypothesized relationships. When subordinates perceived higher levels of role clarity the positive relationship between ethical leadership and helping behavior was stronger, and the negative relationship between ethical leadership and deviant behavior was stronger. Research limitations/implications – As with all research the findings of this study need to be viewed in light of its limitations. First, the use of data from a single set of respondents opens up the possibility of common method bias. Second, given the study used of a sample of public sector employees from one part of China, there would be value in future research examining whether the findings from the present study are generalizable to other industrial and cultural contexts. Practical implications – This research has a number of practical implications. Given that the authors found a significant positive relationship between ethical leadership and helping behavior, and a significant negative relationship between ethical leadership and deviant behavior, it is crucial for organizations to include ethical training as an essential part of leadership development programs. However, the findings also suggest at the same time as facilitating the development of ethical leadership behaviors amongst supervisory employees, it is important for organizations to also provide employees with clarity over what is expected of them in their jobs, and the means they should employ to facilitate goal achievement. Originality/value – This study responds to recent calls for more research to identify factors which may strengthen or mitigate the influence of ethical leadership in the workplace.

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