scholarly journals Beyond Borders: Governmental Fragmentation and the Political Market for Growth in American Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Eric Stokan ◽  
Aaron Deslatte
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
Political Market ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
Regulatory Flexibility ◽  
American Cities

Political fragmentation has been conceptualized as a phenomenon which increases competition for mobile citizens and jobs between local governments within the same region. However, the empirical basis for this nexus between governmental fragmentation and increased competition for development is surprisingly lacking. Utilizing a newly constructed database that matches political fragmentation indices (horizontal, vertical, and bordered) to a nationwide survey of economic development officials in 2014, we begin to fill this gap by analyzing the influence fragmentation has on the use of tax incentives, regulatory flexibility, and community development tools in U.S. cities. Applying the political market framework and a Bayesian inferential approach, we find that the proliferation of local governments increases incentive use. However, more specialized governance increases the probability of using community development activities.

scholarly journals The Political Market and Sustainability Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3344
Author(s):  
Richard C. Feiock ◽  
Soyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Market Model ◽  
The Political ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Political Market ◽  
Local Sustainability ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
Sustainability Policy ◽  
Moderating Role

This essay introduces the political market framework (PMF) and discusses its implications for understanding local sustainability policy. The PMF conceptualizes public policy related to sustainability as the product of exchange between governmental policy suppliers and voter and interest group policy demanders. After presenting a political market model, the role of political institutions is introduced. Institutions structure exchange relationships by determining transaction costs of searching for mutually beneficial agreements, bargaining over outcomes, and monitoring and enforcing decisions. The central implication for research is the need to account for the moderating role that political institutions play in sustainability policy decisions. A research agenda based on the PMF is advanced. The conclusion addresses the limitations of the framework as well as its implications for policy adoptions, program designs, and individual behavior.

Determinants of Access to Legislative and Executive Branch Officials: Business Firms and Trade Policymaking in the U.S.

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Schuler ◽  
Kathleen Rehbein
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Market ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Campaign Contributions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Tariff Protection ◽  
Political Market ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
The U.S

We examine the characteristics of business firms that gain access to legislative and executive branch officials in the trade policymaking area. Our empirical analysis of over 1200 manufacturers reveals that legislators were most attracted to firms with foreign market expertise, firms which actively participated in politics with outside lobbyists and campaign contributions, and firms with significant employment in the state and/or district. Executive branch officials were responsive to firms with foreign market expertise, firms from industries that had previously received tariff protection, firms using in-house government affairs specialists and outside lobbyists to convey information, and firms making campaign contributions to members of the trade oversight legislative committees. Our results largely support the political market framework and provide insights about the attractiveness of certain demanders to suppliers of trade policies from the legislative and executive branches of the U.S. federal government.

Political Shirking – Proposition 13 vs. Proposition 8

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-237
Author(s):  
SEIJI FUJII
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
The Political ◽  
Proposition 13 ◽  
Proposition 8 ◽  
Political Market ◽  
Tax Limitation ◽  
Voter Initiative

AbstractThis paper considers the efficiency of the political market in the California State legislature. I analyzed the property tax limitation voter initiative, Proposition 13. I found that districts which supported Proposition 13 more strongly were more likely to oppose the incumbents regardless of whether the incumbents had the different preferences for property taxes from their districts. I also studied how legislators voted on the bills adopted after the passage of Proposition 13 to finance local governments. I found that legislators tended to follow the constituents’ will after they received the voters’ tax-cutting message expressed by the passage of Proposition 13.

scholarly journals Opportunity Zones-The Symbiosis of Tax Incentives and Community Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Rachel Raskin, CPA ◽  
Sharon Brickman, CPA
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Mutual Funds ◽  
American History ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Economic Innovation ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The U.S

U.S. lawmakers have created one of the greatest tax-avoidance opportunities in American history, while simultaneously serving underperforming American cities and neighbourhood’s (Bertoni 2018). Subchapter Z of The Investing in Opportunity Act (“The Act”), as part of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), amended the Internal Revenue Code to provide major tax incentives for investments in designated “Opportunity Zones”. The tax incentives act as subsidies by allowing investors to defer the recognition of capital gains from the sale of appreciated assets if they are timely reinvested in opportunity zones (Bertoni 2018). According to the Economic Innovation Group (2018), there is approximately $6.1 trillion of unrealized capital gains in stocks and mutual funds in the U.S. economy. Under the direction of sophisticated investors, this capital can be channelled to revitalize depressed communities and create jobs, infrastructure, and other economic opportunities. In a press release, the Department of Treasury (2018) revealed that it anticipates $100 billion in private funds will be invested in opportunity zones over the next eight years. If the intention of the act comes to fruition, capital gains that investors realize from selling previous investments will be used to fuel growth in economically depressed areas.

Ballot Measures for Open Space Conservation: Economic and Institutional Processes in Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 107808741988473
Author(s):  
Agustín León-Moreta
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Institutional Processes ◽  
Political Market ◽  
Ballot Measures ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Open Space Conservation ◽  
Pooled Time Series ◽  
American Cities

This article examines referendums for open space conservation, focusing on an assessment of their likelihood in cities. It presents data on conservation referendums, over 15 years, based on the Trust for Public Land’s LandVote® database. Economic and institutional factors of influence are explored across cities, testing whether those factors explain differences in the likelihood of referendums and their passage. One finding is that the frequency of conservation referendums varies dramatically across American cities. Additional findings, from a pooled time-series analysis, are that economic and institutional contexts of cities affect the likelihood of conservation referendums. The likelihood of referendums and their passage is further tested across alternative models to evaluate the robustness of the findings. While its central contribution is to research on local referendums, the article connects to the political market framework to identify factors influencing the likelihood of open space referendums.

Economic analysis of the bureaucracy and the political market

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Brahim Idelhakkar ◽  
◽  
Faris Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Market

Bossa Mundo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Goldschmitt
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Film Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Brand ◽  
Brazilian Music ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Media ◽  
Rich Countries

Bossa Mundo chronicles how Brazilian music has been central to Brazil’s national brand in the United States and the United Kingdom since the late 1950s. Scholarly texts on Brazilian popular music generally focus on questions of music and national identity, and when they discuss the music’s international popularity, they keep the artists, recordings, and live performances as the focus, ignoring the process of transnational mediation. This book fills a major gap in Brazilian music studies by analyzing the consequences of moments when Brazilian music was popular in Anglophone markets, with a focus on the media industries. With subject matter as varied as jazz, film music, dance fads, DJ/remix culture, and new models of musical distribution, the book demonstrates how the mediation of Brazilian music in an increasingly crowded transnational marketplace has had lasting consequences for the creative output celebrated by Brazil as part of its national brand. Through a discussion of the political meaning of mass-mediated music in chronologically organized chapters, the book shifts the scholarly focus on the music’s transnational popularity from the scholarly framework of representing Otherness to broader considerations of a media environment where listeners and intermediaries often have differing priorities. The book provides a new model for studying music from culturally rich countries in the Global South where local governments often leverage stereotypes in their national branding project.

Health Care Cost Containment in Large American Cities

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Moore
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
American Cities

This research provides information about the health care cost containment efforts of local governments and agencies across the United States, particularly in large American cities. Survey results indicate that while the public sector lags behind the private sector, public agencies are beginning to match the cost containment efforts of private employers. While initiation of these efforts represents considerable recent progress, their tangible benefits are not yet apparent.

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