Hybrid Masculine Power: Reconceptualizing the Relationship between Homosociality and Hegemonic Masculinity

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Arxer
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Masculinities ◽  
Small Group Interaction ◽  
The Relationship

Most research on heterosexual interaction among men focuses on ideologies, discourses, and practices that correspond to conventional renditions of hegemonic masculinity. Specifically, previous research suggests heterosexual men in homosocial interaction tend to suppress non-hegemonic meanings in constructing a sense of masculinity. Less attention has been given, however, to the ways in which men in homosocial settings conceptualize and negotiate with masculine ideals so as to produce a “hybrid” form of hegemonic masculinity that appropriates non-hegemonic practices. This study examines the production of hybrid hegemonic masculinity through participant observation of men in the social setting of a college bar. Results show that although men did align themselves with conventional hegemonic masculinity, they also incorporated gender practices associated with non-hegemonic masculinities. Interestingly, men often engaged in emotive sharing and preferred cooperation to competition as strategies in small group interaction for reproducing domination over women and subordinate masculinities. The argument is made that hybrid hegemonic masculinity may signal a shift in the landscape of hegemonic masculine power that increasingly appropriates alternative masculinities as a way to protect and reproduce gendered power and privilege.

The impact of setting on wine tasting experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-590
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Lewis ◽  
Steve Charters ◽  
Benoît Lecat ◽  
Tatiana Zalan ◽  
Marianna McGarry Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Tasting experiments involving willingness to pay (WTP) have grown over the past few years; however, most of them occur in formal wine-tasting conditions, removed from real-world experience. This study aims to conduct experiments on wine appreciation and willingness to pay in both settings, to allow a comparison of how tasters reached conclusions in different situations. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted two sets of experiments in Dijon, France, with knowledgeable wine drinkers, in 2014 and in 2016, to explore the relationship between wine ratings, WTP and objective characteristics (appellation, labelling and price). The first was in a formal wine-tasting setting (n = 58), and the second in the social setting of a restaurant (n = 52). The experiments involved deception: the tasters were presented with five wines, but in fact only three wines were involved, two of the wines being presented twice. Findings The results from the 2014 study showed that even with a group of experienced tasters, objective characteristics overwhelmed subjective assessment (taste, sensory perception) of the wine. Ratings and WTP were driven by the appellation or brand, labelling and price of the wines. The authors replicated the experiment in a social setting in 2016 which, contrary to their expectations, produced very similar results. In neither experiment did the experienced tasters detect the deception. Research limitations/implications The social setting was a lunch in a restaurant with a group of students who were graduating together. The tasting was conducted by some of their professors, which may have influenced the results and raises questions about whether the setting was truly ‘social’. The sample size for the experiments was comparatively small and further research, including novice and expert tasters, might contradict these findings, or at least add nuances to them. Originality/value The study finds that, contrary to expectations, in the social wine consumption setting of a restaurant meal enjoyed with colleagues, objective wine characteristics over-rode subjective appreciation of the wine.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Idea Consideration: A Study of Small-Group Interaction in Biology

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy R. Cavagnetto ◽  
Joshua Premo ◽  
Zachary Coleman ◽  
Kate Juergens
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Small Group Work ◽  
Undergraduate Biology ◽  
Small Group Interaction ◽  
Scientific Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biology Lab

The study examines the relationship between scientific accuracy of contributions, peer idea consideration, one’s ability to direct the conversation, and learning outcomes of students engaged in small-group work in an introductory undergraduate biology lab course.

scholarly journals Un relato etnográfico de la conciencia ecológica: historias y prácticas cotidianas de transformación y resistencia/ An ethnographic account of ecological consciousness: stories and daily practices of transformation and resistance

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-203
Author(s):  
Anapaula Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Theory Of Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

En este artículo se explora la relación entre la humanidad y la naturaleza, con el propósito de indagar en cómo se construye una conciencia ecológica. A través de un estudio etnográfico se mantuvo conversaciones profundas con tres personas que viven en reservas naturales en diferentes partes de Ecuador, con el objetivo de explorar sus historias de vida en relación con el territorio que habitan. El análisis de estas historias se enmarca en la teoría de la ética ambiental, la antropología ecológica, y la teoría de la práctica. Asimismo, se define lo que se entiende por conciencia ecológica y se identifican las áreas prioritarias de conservación a nivel mundial y en Ecuador, para resaltar la importancia de la conservación privada. A través del uso de herramientas metodológicas como las historias de vida, la observación participante y el diario de campo, se profundiza en la vida de tres practicantes de la conservación para analizar motivaciones y prácticas que dan cuenta de una conciencia ecológica. Abstract This article explores the relationship between humanity and nature, with the purpose of deepening our knowledge on how an ecological conscience is built. In this ethnographic study, conversations were held with three different persons who live in natural reserves in Ecuador, with the objective of exploring their life story and relating it to the territory they inhabit. These stories are framed in the theory of environmental ethics, the theory of the social actor, and the theory of practice, through which we analyze the motivations and transformations towards an ecological consciousness. The history of conservation in Ecuador is also described, making visible the various tools for conservation and their level of incidence in this country. Likewise, hotspots were identified worldwide and in Ecuador, to highlight the importance of private conservation, and finally define what is meant by ecological awareness. Through a qualitative-interpretative paradigm, and the use of methodological tools such as life stories, participant observation, and a field diary, the life of three conservation practitioners is analyzed in depth to identify motivations and practices that give account of an ecological consciousness.

The Social Ecology of Free Seating Arrangements in a Small Group Interaction Context

Sociometry ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde Hendrick ◽  
Martin Giesen ◽  
Sharon Coy
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Social Ecology ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Small Group Interaction ◽  
Seating Arrangements

scholarly journals Mathematics Makes you Feel Attractive. Empowering New Alternative Masculinities in the Context of Mathematics Classrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Javier Diez-Palomar ◽  
Liviu Catalin Mara
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Social Attraction ◽  
Mathematics Classrooms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Masculinities ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Identity

This article studies the relationship between masculinity construction in school and mathematics learning in boys. In this article, we introduce the variables of social interaction and the differentiation between the language of ethics and the language of desire to analyze the aspects related to mathematics learning in schoolboys. The methodology used is a literature review, paying particular attention to the techniques used in the literature and using categorization that emerged during the review to select and analyze the texts. We found several issues that seem to condition mathematics learning in boys that have to do with gender and specific identity construction, namely the dominant traditional masculinities. Moreover, this process is enhanced by the social attraction towards violence processes. However, the literature also contains elements that respond to a different model of masculinity that can be successful in mathematics learning and attractive at the same time, which is related to the New Alternative Masculinities model. We conclude with some recommendations to support this new and attractive model and to rethink research in mathematics achievement in children in the future.

“If You Do Not Fit in With the Stereotype, They Eat You Alive”: Discourses of Masculinities and Their Reflections in Young Spanish Men’s Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110500
Author(s):  
Ariadna Cerdán-Torregrosa ◽  
Daniel La Parra-Casado ◽  
Carmen Vives-Cases
Keyword(s):  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Discussion Groups ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sexual Orientations

Hegemonic masculinity has been especially linked, among other aspects, to unhealthy behaviors and heterosexuality. This study aimed to explore the discourses of masculinities with young Spanish men with different sexual orientations (heterosexuals, bisexuals, and homosexuals), comparing them with the social representations that are put into practice on Instagram. Three qualitative approaches were triangulated to seek a richer comprehension and interpretational level: discussion groups, semi-structured interviews, and an online non-participant observation on Instagram with a total of 26 young men aged between 18 and 24. Results indicate that hegemonic masculinity discourse is still significant when understanding and experiencing young men’s masculinities, promoting behaviors that put their health at risk and generating psychological discomfort, especially among non-heterosexual men. Our findings provide knowledge of the social framework that legitimizes and reproduces male domination in younger generations both online and offline and how this is reflected in men’s health.

"Banana Time": Job Satisfaction and Informal Interaction

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Roy
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Small Work

This paper undertakes description and exploratory analysis of the social interaction which took place within a small work group of factory machine operatives during a two-month period of participant observation. The factual and ideational materials which it presents lie at an intersection of two lines of research interest and should, in their dual bearing, contribute to both. Since the operatives were engaged in work which involved the repetition of very simple operations over an extra-long workday, six days a week, they were faced with the problem of dealing with a formidable "beast of monotony." Revelation of how the group utilized its resources to combat that "beast" should merit the attention of those who are seeking solution to the practical problem of job satisfaction, or employee morale. It should also provide insights for those who are trying to penetrate the mysteries of the small group.

Priests, Prophets, Sorcerers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Hutter
Keyword(s):  
Social Setting ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Definitions of ‘priest,’ ‘prophet,’ or ‘sorcerer’ must take account of the social setting of such religious specialists. Though most definitions are rooted in biblical traditions, ‘priest’ can serve as a useful umbrella term in a typology of terms of religious authorities, describing a person serving a community as the main specialist responsible for transmitting religious knowledge and establishing the relationship between individuals or the society as a whole and superhuman beings by performing rituals on behalf of the former and for the pleasure of the latter. This approach rejects a functional distinction between priests and sorcerers, given it embodies a contingent theological dichotomy between ‘religion’ and ‘magic.’ ‘Prophets’ are primarily performers of mantic techniques used to convey the gods’ messages to people, which in the Bible and the Qur’ān is mainly seen as conveying the ‘divine word.’ More generally, prophets also perform tasks similar to other priests and sorcerers.

The interaction of age, second language, types of code-alternation and multilingualism in the Zauzou community

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040-1058
Author(s):  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

Aims and objectives: This paper describes the multilingualism patterns practiced in the Zauzou community, a small ethnic group in Southwestern China. Zauzou is in contact with Lisu, Bai, Lama, and Mandarin Chinese. The present study aims to characterize the relationship between the social/linguistic factors including age, second language (L2), types of code-alternation, and the multilingualism patterns in this community. Design/methodology/approach: Self-reports and participant observation were used to discover any recurrent multilingualism patterns regulated by social/linguistic factors. Data and analysis: Self-reported data on Zauzou speakers’ language repertoire and language use were collected by means of demographic survey. Code-alternation between Zauzou and different L2s were collected from systematic linguistic fieldwork. Findings/conclusions: Zauzou is the dominant language in intragroup multilingualism, while intergroup multilingualism is dominated by Zauzou speakers’ L2s. Zauzou speakers exhibit a shift from the local multilingualism toward Mandarin-Zauzou bilingualism. The two patterns can be characterized by speakers’ age, L2, and the type of code-alternation. Zauzou-Mandarin bilingualism is realized as both code-mixing and code-switching, and is pervasive among the younger generation, while multilingualism is realized as code-switching and is dominant among older speakers. This shift is due to the new market economy and the language policy that promotes Mandarin in the whole area. Originality: This study presents naturalistic data on multilingualism practices in a small minority group in China, which is overlooked by most linguistic descriptions and sociolinguistic studies of lesser-studied languages in China. Significance/implications: This paper discovers three parameters to define two cross-linguistic multilingualism patterns in small indigenous societies: the local multilingualism and the national bilingualism, and the shift toward bilingualism that directly results from language policy and economy.

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