Urban Neighborhoods and Depressive Symptoms in Late Middle Age

Background.Depression is a common disorder characterized by delayed help-seeking, often remaining undetected and untreated.Objectives.We sought to estimate the proportion of adults in Kamuli District with depressive symptoms and to assess their help-seeking behaviour.Methods.This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in a rural district in Uganda. Sampling of study participants was done using the probability proportional to size method. Screening for depression was done using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The participants who screened positive also reported on whether and where they had sought treatment. Data collected using PHQ-9 was used both as a symptom-based description of depression and algorithm diagnosis of major depression. All data analysis was done using STATA version 13.Results.With a cut-off score of ⩾10, 6.4% screened positive for current depressive symptoms and 23.6% reported experiencing depressive symptoms in the past 12 months. The majority of individuals who screened positive for current depression (75.6%) were females. In a crude analysis, people with lower education, middle age and low socio-economic status were more likely to have depressive symptoms. Help-seeking was low, with only 18.9% of the individuals who screened positive for current depression having sought treatment from a health worker.Conclusion.Depressive symptoms are common in the study district with low levels of help-seeking practices. People with lower levels of education, low socio-economic status and those in middle age are more likely to be affected by these symptoms. Most persons with current depression had past history of depressive symptoms.

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Depressive Symptoms in Middle Age and the Development of Later-Life Functional Limitations: The Long-Term Effect of Depressive Symptoms

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02723.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 551-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Kenneth E. Covinsky ◽

Kristine Yaffe ◽

Karla Lindquist ◽

Elena Cherkasova ◽

Edward Yelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Middle Age ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Later Life ◽

Term Effect ◽

Long Term Effect

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Stress buffering effects of social support on depressive symptoms in middle age: Reciprocity and community mental health

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences ◽

10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01579.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 60 (6) ◽

pp. 652-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

TOHRU TAKIZAWA ◽

TSUYOSHI KONDO ◽

SEIZOU SAKIHARA ◽

MAKOTO ARIIZUMI ◽

NAOKI WATANABE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Community Mental Health ◽

Middle Age ◽

Stress Buffering ◽

Buffering Effects

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Heterogeneous Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Late Middle Age: Critical Period, Accumulation, and Social Mobility Life Course Perspectives

Journal of Aging and Health ◽

10.1177/0898264317704540 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1011-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eunsun Kwon ◽

BoRin Kim ◽

Hyunjoo Lee ◽

Sojung Park

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Course ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Critical Period ◽

Latent Class ◽

Middle Age ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Later Life ◽

Symptom Trajectories ◽

The Life Course

Objective: This study investigated patterns of depressive symptoms and whether socioeconomic status (SES) across the life course affects these trajectories using the critical period, accumulation, and social mobility models. Method: This study uses data from 8,532 adults, age 51 to 64, collected over 12 years from the Health and Retirement Study (observations = 25,887). A latent class analysis was performed to examine distinct depressive symptom trajectories; life course models were studied with multinomial logistic regression. Results: Four heterogeneous latent classes were identified for depression: Declining, Low, Increasing, and High and Increasing. The High and Increasing group was associated with a disadvantaged childhood SES, accumulated exposure to socioeconomic risks, and persistent SES disadvantage supporting the three life course models. Discussion: There was evidence of distinct profiles of depressive symptoms in late middle age and of interrelated life course mechanisms underlying the influences of childhood SES on later life depression.

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Urban Neighborhoods and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/62.1.s52 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. S52-S59 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Carol S. Aneshensel ◽

Richard G. Wight ◽

Dana Miller-Martinez ◽

Amanda L. Botticello ◽

Arun S. Karlamangla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Urban Neighborhoods

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Genetic contribution to the relationship between personality and depressive symptoms among older women

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291709991401 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 1357-1366 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Pakkala ◽

S. Read ◽

J. Kaprio ◽

M. Koskenvuo ◽

M. Kauppinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Old Age ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Middle Age ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shared Genetic

BackgroundPrior studies suggest that certain types of personality are at higher risk for developing depressive disorders. This study examined the relationship between old age depressive symptoms and two middle-age personality dimensions, neuroticism and extraversion.MethodThe present study is part of the Finnish Twin Study on Aging, where altogether 409 female twins who had completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory at the age of 38–51 years were studied for depressive symptoms 28 years later using Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression analysis suitable for dependent data and univariate and Cholesky models for decomposing the genetic and environmental factor were used.ResultsMiddle age extraversion protected from later depressive symptoms while neuroticism increased the risk. Twin modeling indicated that the association between neuroticism and depressive symptoms resulted from shared genetic risk factors common to both traits. However, a substantial proportion of the genetic vulnerability was specific to old age depressive symptoms and was not shared with neuroticism. Middle age extraversion had no genetic relationship with old age depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe relationship between middle age neuroticism and old age depressive symptoms is strong but only partly the result of genetic factors that predispose to both neuroticism and depressive symptoms. Extraversion, by contrast, has no genetic relationship with depressive symptoms experienced in old age.

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