Urban neighbourhood unemployment history and depressive symptoms over time among late middle age and older adults

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may be an early indicator of cognitive impairment, but depressive symptoms can confound this relationship. Associations may be influenced by differences between individuals (i.e., between-persons) or how each individual changes in their experiences over time (i.e., within-persons). Objective: We examined depressive symptoms as a mediator of the between- and within-person associations of SCD and objective memory in older adults. Methods: Coordinated analyses were conducted across four datasets drawn from large longitudinal studies. Samples (range: n = 1,889 to n = 15,841) included participants 65 years of age or older with no dementia at baseline. We used multilevel structural equation modeling to examine the mediation of SCD and objective memory through depressive symptoms, as well as direct relationships among SCD, objective memory, and depressive symptoms. Results: Older adults who were more likely to report SCD had lower objective memory on average (between-person associations), and depressive symptoms partially mediated this relationship in three of four datasets. However, changes in depressive symptoms did not mediate the relationship between reports of SCD and declines in objective memory in three of four datasets (within-person associations). Conclusion: Individual differences in depressive symptoms, and not changes in an individual’s depressive symptoms over time, partially explain the link between SCD and objective memory. Older adults with SCD and depressive symptoms may be at greater risk for poor cognitive outcomes. Future research should explore how perceived changes in memory affect other aspects of psychological well-being, and how these relationships influence cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease risk.

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Black-White Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Over Time

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/60.3.p136 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. P136-P142 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

K. A. Skarupski ◽

C. F. Mendes de Leon ◽

J. L. Bienias ◽

L. L. Barnes ◽

S. A. Everson-Rose ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Over Time

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The Relationship Between Mentally Unhealthy Days and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults Over Time

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464810361348 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 241-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Skarupski ◽

Matthew M. Zack ◽

Julia L. Bienias ◽

Paul A. Scherr ◽

Denis A. Evans

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

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Predictors of change over time in subjective daytime sleepiness among older adult recipients of long-term services and supports

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610220000782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 849-861

Author(s):

Darina V. Petrovsky ◽

Karen B. Hirschman ◽

Miranda Varrasse McPhillips ◽

Justine S. Sefcik ◽

Alexandra L. Hanlon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Support ◽

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Daily Living ◽

Services And Supports ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACTObjectives:Daytime sleepiness is associated with multiple negative outcomes in older adults receiving long-term services and supports (LTSS) including reduced cognitive performance, need for greater assistance with activities of daily living and decreased social engagement. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of change in subjective daytime sleepiness among older adults during their first 2 years of receiving LTSS.Design and Setting:Secondary analysis of data from a prospective longitudinal study of older adults who received LTSS in their homes, assisted living communities or nursing homes interviewed at baseline and every 3 months for 24 months.Participants:470 older adults (60 years and older) newly enrolled in LTSS (mean = 81, SD = 8.7; range 60–98; 71% women).Measurements:Subjective daytime sleepiness was assessed every 3 months through 2 years using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Multiple validated measures were used to capture health-related quality of life characteristics of enrollees and their environment, including symptom status (Symptom Bother Scale), cognition (Mini Mental Status Exam), physical function (Basic Activities of Daily Living), physical and mental general health, quality of life (Dementia Quality of Life, D-QoL), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) and social support (Medical Outcomes Survey-Social Support).Results:Longitudinal mixed effects modeling was used to examine the relationship between independent variables and continuous measure of daytime sleepiness. Increased feelings of belonging, subscale of the D-QoL (effect size = −0.006, 95% CI: −0.013 to −0.0001, p = 0.045) and higher number of depressive symptoms (effect size = −0.002, 95% CI: −0.004 to −0.001, p = 0.001) at baseline were associated with slower rates of increase in daytime sleepiness over time.Conclusions:Comprehensive baseline and longitudinal screening for changes in daytime sleepiness along with depression and perceived quality of life should be used to inform interventions aimed at reducing daytime sleepiness among older adults receiving LTSS.

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DOES ONSET OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS MODERATE THE IMPACT OF RELATIONAL LIFE EVENTS ON DEPRESSED MOOD?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.970 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S260-S260

Author(s):

Aaron M Ogletree ◽

Rosemary Blieszner ◽

Rachel Pruchno ◽

Jyoti Savla ◽

Laura P Sands

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Chronic Condition ◽

Process Model ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time

Abstract More than 62% of adults aged 65+ have more than one chronic condition; this number increases to more than 82% for those 85+. Older adults simultaneously experience changes in their relationships due to negative relational life events, including illness, injury, or death of a loved one. Stressors occurring in tandem can overload psychological resources and increase risk for poor mental health. Informed by the stress process model, we assessed the influence of relational life events on depressive symptoms over time and evaluated the moderating effects of chronic condition onset. Self-reports of four stressful life events, five chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms as measured by the CES-D came from 2,948 older adults participating in the ORANJ BOWL panel. Using longitudinal multilevel mixed effect modeling, we examined trajectories of depressive symptoms across three waves. While depressive symptoms increased over time, they were greater for people who experienced more relational life events and the onset of more chronic conditions. Participants who reported experiencing all four relational life events but no chronic conditions had an average CES-D score of 5.28 (p<.0001); average CES-D score increased to 12.72 (p<.0001) for those who reported four life events and the onset of four or more new chronic conditions during the study period. In summary, chronic condition onset moderated the relationship between life events and depressive symptoms. Findings highlight the need for practitioner awareness of increased mental health risks for people experiencing stressors in multiple domains of life.

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Effects of a Savoring Intervention on Resilience and Well-Being of Older Adults

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464817693375 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 137-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Smith ◽

Agnieszka A. Hanni

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Well Being ◽

High Fidelity ◽

Psychological Resilience ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Positive Experiences ◽

Positive Feelings ◽

Older Populations ◽

Over Time

Savoring is the ability to be mindful of positive experiences and to be aware of and regulate positive feelings about these experiences. Previous research has found that savoring interventions can be effective at improving well-being of younger adults, but findings have not been extended to older populations. This pilot study examined the effects of a 1-week savoring intervention on older adults’ psychological resilience and well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms and happiness). Participants, 111 adults ages 60 or over, completed measures of resilience, depressive symptoms, and happiness pre- and postintervention as well as 1 month and 3 months after the intervention. Analyses revealed that participants who completed the savoring intervention with high fidelity also reported improvements in resilience, depressive symptoms, and happiness over time. These findings suggest that the savoring intervention has the potential to enhance older adults’ resilience and psychological well-being.

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An examination of reciprocal effects between cardiovascular morbidity, depressive symptoms and loneliness over time in a longitudinal cohort of Dutch older adults

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.081 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elisabeth Maria van Zutphen ◽

Almar Kok ◽

Judith Johanna Maria Rijnhart ◽

Didi Rhebergen ◽

Martijn Huisman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽

Reciprocal Effects ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Over Time

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Types of Insomnia Mediate the Relation between Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Longitudinally in Late Life

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 901-901

Author(s):

Courtney Bolstad ◽

Michael Nadorff

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Direct Effect ◽

National Health ◽

Late Life ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Significant Direct Effect ◽

Over Time

Abstract The current study examined onset and maintenance insomnia as mediators of the relation between anxiety and depressive symptoms over a three-year period in a sample of older adults. We hypothesized that anxiety symptoms at timepoint one would significantly predict depressive symptoms at timepoint four, while controlling for depressive symptoms at timepoint one. We also hypothesized that this effect would be significantly reduced when adding onset and maintenance insomnia at timepoint two and three, respectively, as mediators. Participants included 3,484 older adults, ages 66 to 103 (M = 77, SD = 7), included in the National Health and Aging Trends Study who completed measures of types of insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms at four different timepoints (2012 through 2015). The model showed a significant direct effect of anxiety on depressive symptoms at timepoint four, independent of baseline depressive symptoms. The relation was mediated by onset and maintenance insomnia, though a significant direct effect remained. Therefore, types of insomnia contribute to the development of depressive symptoms in older adults with anxiety symptoms over time, even when controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Further, onset and maintenance insomnia are unique outcomes and predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively, even when controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Our findings provide a foundation for future intervention research with clinical samples that control for confounding variables in further elucidating the development and change in depressive symptoms among older adults with anxiety through onset and maintenance insomnia.

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Stress-Buffering Factors of Social Integration on Depressive Symptoms Over Time in Late-Life

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3328 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 927-927

Author(s):

Emily Kinkade ◽

Heather Fuller

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Integration ◽

Social Ties ◽

Well Being ◽

Stress Buffering ◽

Buffering Effect ◽

Community Interaction ◽

The Social ◽

Over Time

Abstract The negative impacts of stress on older adults’ well-being are well documented, and social integration is posited as protective against such detrimental effects. Previous research illustrates the stress-buffering effect of social relationships on both physical and mental health, such as depressive symptoms, in older adults. The purpose of this study was to expand on prior findings by investigating the longitudinal stress-buffering effect of various dimensions of social integration on depressive symptoms among an older sample. Four waves of data were drawn from the Social Integration and Aging Study, including 416 older adults (ages 60-100). Subscales of the Social Integration in Later Life Scale measuring frequency and satisfaction with social ties and community interaction were used to assess distinct dimensions of social integration. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that two facets of social integration—satisfaction with social ties and frequency of community interaction—moderated the relationship between perceived stress and trajectories of depressive symptoms over time. Participants who reported high levels of stress reported fewer depressive symptoms if they had high satisfaction with social ties and high frequency of community involvement. Interestingly, frequency of contact with social ties and satisfaction with community interaction did not similarly buffer negative effects for depressive symptoms. These findings indicate the value of remaining actively engaged in the community and maintaining meaningful relationships as older adults age. Future research should investigate programs to foster relationships and engagement between older adults and their communities, with particular consideration of populations at a greater risk for isolation.

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Differences in the Associations Between Memory Complaints and Depressive Symptoms Among Black and White Older Adults

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gby091 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 783-791 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikki L Hill ◽

Jacqueline Mogle ◽

Sakshi Bhargava ◽

Emily Whitaker ◽

Iris Bhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Future Research ◽

Related Factors ◽

Memory Complaint ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Black And White ◽

Memory Complaints ◽

Over Time

Abstract Objective To test whether race (specifically Black or White) moderates the relationship between memory complaints and depressive symptoms in cognitively normal older adults, and if these relationships vary by memory complaint characteristics. Methods Data from Black (n = 551) and White (n = 1,158) cognitively intact participants (Mage = 77.1, SD = 7.5; 76.6% female) in the Minority Aging Research Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project were used. Participants completed annual clinical evaluations, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and two memory complaint questions, over periods of up to 18 years. Ordinal mixed effects models were used to examine within-person relationships between memory complaints and depressive symptoms over time, as well as whether race moderated these associations. Results Reports of greater memory change over time were associated with more depressive symptoms for both Black and White older adults. However, reports of greater frequency of memory problems were related to depressive symptoms for Black older adults only. Conclusion Findings suggest differential associations between memory complaints and depressive symptoms in cognitively normal Black and White older adults and call for future research to examine the influence of race and related factors on memory complaints and depressive symptoms.

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