Event-related potential evidence in Chinese children

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Zhao ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Xuchu Weng ◽  
Su Li
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Literacy Learning ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Visual Words ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
The Right

Visual word N170 is an index of perceptual expertise for visual words across different writing systems. Recent developmental studies have shown the early emergence of visual word N170 and its close association with individual’s reading ability. In the current study, we investigated whether fine-tuning N170 for Chinese characters could emerge after short-term literacy learning in young pre-literate children. Two groups of Chinese preschool children were trained for visual identification and free writing respectively. Results showed that visual identification learning led to enhanced N170 sensitivity to characters over radical-combinations in the left hemisphere and line-combinations in the right hemisphere, and writing learning led to enhanced N170 sensitivity to characters over radical-combinations and line-combinations in the right hemisphere. These results suggested that the N170 component became more sensitive for the local graphic feature (strokes) of characters rapidly after brief literacy learning even in young children; and writing learning experiences specifically led to enhanced orthographic sensitivity in the right hemisphere.

Neural Correlates of Mental State Decoding in Human Adults: An Event-related Potential Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Sabbagh ◽  
Margaret C. Moulson ◽  
Kate L. Harkness
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Core Theory ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
The Right

Successful negotiation of human social interactions rests on having a theory of mind—an understanding of how others' behaviors can be understood in terms of internal mental states, such as beliefs, desires, intentions, and emotions. A core theory-of-mind skill is the ability to decode others' mental states on the basis of observable information, such as facial expressions. Although several recent studies have focused on the neural correlates of reasoning about mental states, no research has addressed the question of what neural systems underlie mental state decoding. We used dense-array eventrelated potentials (ERP) to show that decoding mental states from pictures of eyes is associated with an N270–400 component over inferior frontal and anterior temporal regions of the right hemisphere. Source estimation procedures suggest that orbitofrontal and medial temporal regions may underlie this ERP effect. These findings suggest that different components of everyday theory-of-mind skills may rely on dissociable neural mechanisms.

P300 Event-Related Potentials in Stutterers and Nonstutterers

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Morgan ◽  
Jerry L. Cranford ◽  
Kenneth Burk
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tonal Stimuli ◽  
P300 Event Related Potential

This study investigated possible differences between adult stutterers and nonstutterers in the P300 event-related potential. Responses to tonal stimuli were recorded from electrodes placed over the left (C3) and right (C4) hemispheres. The two groups exhibited different patterns of interhemispheric activity. Although all 8 participants in the fluent group exhibited P300s that were higher in amplitude over the right hemisphere, 5 of the 8 disfluent participants had higher amplitude activity over the left hemisphere. These results provide evidence that stutterers and nonstutterers may exhibit differences between hemispheres in the processing of some types of nonlinguistic (tonal) stimuli.

scholarly journals Left-lateralized N170 Effects of Visual Expertise in Reading: Evidence from Japanese Syllabic and Logographic Scripts

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1878-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs Maurer ◽  
Jason D. Zevin ◽  
Bruce D. McCandliss
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Visual Expertise ◽  
Native Japanese Speakers ◽  
Visual Words ◽  
Repetition Detection ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The N170 component of the event-related potential (ERP) reflects experience-dependent neural changes in several forms of visual expertise, including expertise for visual words. Readers skilled in writing systems that link characters to phonemes (i.e., alphabetic writing) typically produce a left-lateralized N170 to visual word forms. This study examined the N170 in three Japanese scripts that link characters to larger phonological units. Participants were monolingual English speakers (EL1) and native Japanese speakers (JL1) who were also proficient in English. ERPs were collected using a 129-channel array, as participants performed a series of experiments viewing words or novel control stimuli in a repetition detection task. The N170 was strongly left-lateralized for all three Japanese scripts (including logographic Kanji characters) in JL1 participants, but bilateral in EL1 participants viewing these same stimuli. This demonstrates that left-lateralization of the N170 is dependent on specific reading expertise and is not limited to alphabetic scripts. Additional contrasts within the moraic Katakana script revealed equivalent N170 responses in JL1 speakers for familiar Katakana words and for Kanji words transcribed into novel Katakana words, suggesting that the N170 expertise effect is driven by script familiarity rather than familiarity with particular visual word forms. Finally, for English words and novel symbol string stimuli, both EL1 and JL1 subjects produced equivalent responses for the novel symbols, and more left-lateralized N170 responses for the English words, indicating that such effects are not limited to the first language. Taken together, these cross-linguistic results suggest that similar neural processes underlie visual expertise for print in very different writing systems.

scholarly journals Caffeine improves text reading and global perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Franceschini ◽  
Matteo Lulli ◽  
Sara Bertoni ◽  
Simone Gori ◽  
Alessandro Angrilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Global Processing ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
The Right

Background: Reading is a unique human skill. Several brain networks involved in this complex skill mainly involve the left hemisphere language areas. Nevertheless, nonlinguistic networks found in the right hemisphere also seem to be involved in sentence and text reading. These areas do not deal with phonological information, but are involved in verbal and nonverbal pattern information processing. The right hemisphere is responsible for global processing of a scene, which is needed for developing reading skills. Aims: Caffeine seems to affect global pattern processing specifically. Consequently, our aim was to discover if it could enhance text reading skill. Methods: In two mechanistic studies ( n=24 and n=53), we tested several reading skills, global and local perception, alerting, spatial attention and executive functions, as well as rapid automatised naming and phonological memory, using a double-blind, within-subjects, repeated-measures design in typical young adult readers. Results: A single dose of 200 mg caffeine improved global processing, without any effect on local information processing, alerting, spatial attention and executive or phonological functions. This improvement in global processing was accompanied by faster text reading speed of meaningful sentences, whereas single word/pseudoword or pseudoword text reading abilities were not affected. These effects of caffeine on reading ability were enhanced by mild sleep deprivation. Conclusions: These findings show that a small quantity of caffeine could improve global processing and text reading skills in adults.

BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the P300 Event-Related Brain Potential

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse M.T. Nijs ◽  
Ingmar H.A. Franken ◽  
Fren T.Y. Smulders
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Right

Abstract. Both a reduced amplitude of the P300 event-related potential component and a highly impulsive personality are known to be strong predictive markers for substance abuse and related psychiatric disorders. Because of this common link to externalizing psychopathology, a significant negative association between the P300 amplitude and personality measures related to behavioral disinhibition is expected. The present study investigated correlations between the visual P300 amplitude and the personality dimensions of Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivity among healthy subjects (N = 44; mean age = 24 ± 4.93 years). To measure BIS and BAS sensitivity the BIS/BAS scales were used. Significant positive correlations were found between BAS sensitivity and P300 amplitude at both anterior and posterior scalp locations above the right hemisphere. There were no significant correlations between P300 amplitude and BIS sensitivity. Results are discussed in light of the rather inconsistent findings from previous studies investigating P300 amplitude and impulsivity-related measures. It is concluded that a P300 amplitude reduction may be regarded as a general, nonspecific marker for psychopathology and psychopathology-prone personality functioning.

Scientific lessons from a catalogue of 6674 brain recordings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis David James Makin ◽  
John Tyson-Carr ◽  
Giulia Rampone ◽  
Yiovanna Derpsch ◽  
Damien Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Abstract Model ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Task Relevance ◽  
Grand Average ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The Right

Abstract visual regularities (such as reflectional symmetry) activate the extrastriate visual cortex and generate an Event Related Potential (ERP) called the Sustained Posterior Negativity (SPN). While traditional SPN papers often report a single experiment, we can learn much more by combining data from many experiments. We thus organized and catalogued 249 grand-average SPNs from 40 projects (2215 individual SPNs from 6674 participants). This ‘complete SPN catalogue’ is now publicly available on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/2sncj). We found that ~30% of variance in SPN amplitude can be explained by two predictors: 1) an abstract model of perceptual goodness, 2) the task relevance of regularity. Although the SPN is stronger over the right hemisphere, the laws of perceptual organization (that determine SPN amplitude) are equivalent in both hemispheres. These insights could never be conclusively supported by a single experiment.

Visual Cortical Representation of Whole Words and Hemifield-split Word Parts

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Strother ◽  
Alexandra M. Coros ◽  
Tutis Vilis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Visual Hemifield ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Form Information

Reading requires the neural integration of visual word form information that is split between our retinal hemifields. We examined multiple visual cortical areas involved in this process by measuring fMRI responses while observers viewed words that changed or repeated in one or both hemifields. We were specifically interested in identifying brain areas that exhibit decreased fMRI responses as a result of repeated versus changing visual word form information in each visual hemifield. Our method yielded highly significant effects of word repetition in a previously reported visual word form area (VWFA) in occipitotemporal cortex, which represents hemifield-split words as whole units. We also identified a more posterior occipital word form area (OWFA), which represents word form information in the right and left hemifields independently and is thus both functionally and anatomically distinct from the VWFA. Both the VWFA and the OWFA were left-lateralized in our study and strikingly symmetric in anatomical location relative to known face-selective visual cortical areas in the right hemisphere. Our findings are consistent with the observation that category-selective visual areas come in pairs and support the view that neural mechanisms in left visual cortex—especially those that evolved to support the visual processing of faces—are developmentally malleable and become incorporated into a left-lateralized visual word form network that supports rapid word recognition and reading.

scholarly journals Hemispheric Organization of Visual Word Recognition in Turkish Monolinguals

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-233
Author(s):  
Filiz Mergen ◽  
Gulmira Kuruoglu
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Recently obtained data from interdisciplinary research has expanded our knowledge on the relationship between language and the brain considerably. Numerous aspects of language have been the subject of research. Visual word recognition is a temporal process which starts with recognizing the physical features of words and matching them with potential candidates in the mental lexicon. Word frequency plays a significant role in this process. Other factors are the similarities in spelling and pronunciation, and whether words have meanings or are simply letter strings. The emotional load of the words is another factor that deserves a closer inspection as an overwhelming amount of evidence supports the privileged status of emotions both in verbal and nonverbal tasks. It is well-established that lexical processing is handled by the involvement of the brain hemispheres to varying degrees, and that the left hemisphere has greater involvement in verbal tasks as compared to the right hemisphere. Also, the emotional load of the verbal stimuli affects the specialized roles of the brain hemispheres in lexical processing. Despite the abundance of research on processing of words that belong to languages from a variety of language families, the number of studies that investigated Turkish, a language of Uralic-Altaic origin, is scarce. This study aims to fill the gap in the literature by reporting evidence on how Turkish words with and without emotional load are processed and represented in the brain. We employed a visual hemifield paradigm and a lexical decision task. The participants were instructed to decide if the letter strings presented either from the right or the left of the computer screen were real words or non-words. Their response times and accuracy of their answers were recorded. We obtained shorter response times and higher accuracy rates for real words than non-words as reported in the majority of studies in the literature. We also found that the emotional load modulated the recognition of words, supporting the results in the literature. Finally, our results are in line with the view of left hemispheric superiority in lexical processing in monolingual speakers.

scholarly journals Decoding the role of the cerebellum in the early stages of reading acquisition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hehui Li ◽  
Olga Kepinska ◽  
Jocelyn N Caballero ◽  
Leo Zekelman ◽  
Rebecca A. Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Reading Acquisition ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Beginning Readers ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
The Right

Numerous studies have consistently reported functional activation of the cerebellum during reading tasks, especially in the right cerebellar hemisphere. However, it remains unclear whether these regions (or which region) are also involved in reading in the earliest stages of reading acquisition. Reading is an arduous task for beginning readers, which could occupy extensive cognitive processes, including domain general processes and language specific processes. It is to be determined which kinds of processes that the cerebellum is responsible for in early reading. Here, we investigated whether and how the cerebellum contributes to reading acquisition. We tested 80 5-6-year-old kindergarteners, who performed a visual word matching task during which functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected. We found that bilateral cerebellar hemispheres were significantly activated during visual word processing. Moreover, activation of left cerebellar lobule VIIa extends to lobule VIII negatively correlated with current reading ability, whereas activation of right cerebellar lobule lobule VIIb extends to lobule VIII predicted future reading ability. Functional decoding via Neurosynth and functional connectivity patterns further revealed that the left cerebellar Crus II was associated with domain general cognitive processes, whereas the right cerebellar lobule VIIb was linked to language specific processes. Our results suggest a division of labor between the left and right cerebellar lobules in beginning readers.

scholarly journals The Study of Face Processing in Social Anxiety Disorder Based on Face-Specific N170 Component

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xuejing Bi ◽  
Min Guo ◽  
Jianqin Cao ◽  
Yanhua Hao
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

Although previous studies showed that social anxiety disorder (SAD) exhibits the attentional bias for angry faces, few studies investigated effective face recognition combined with event-related potential (ERP) technique in SAD patients, especially the treatment effect. This study examines the differences in face processing in SAD patients before and after treatment and healthy control people (H-group). High-density EEG scans were registered in response to emotional schematic faces, particularly interested in the face processing N170 component. Analysis of N170 amplitude revealed a larger N170 for P-group-pre in response to inverted and upright stimuli than H-group in the right hemisphere. The result of the intragroup t-test showed that N170 was delayed for inverted relative to upright faces only in P-group-post and H-group but not in P-group-pre. Remarkably, the results of ANOVAs manifested that emotional expression cannot modulate N170 for SAD patients. Besides, the N170-based asymmetry index (AI) was introduced to analyze the left- and right-hemisphere dominance of N170 for three groups. It was found that, with the improvement of patients’ treatment, the value of A I N 170 − b a s e     d presented a decreasing trend. These results together suggested that there was no inversion effect observed for patients with SAD. The change in the value of A I N 170 − b a s e     d can be used as potential electrophysiological markers for the diagnosis and treatment effects on patients with SAD.

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