Stepfamily Policies and Laws in the United States: Lessons from the West

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 891-912
Author(s):  
Susan D. Stewart ◽  
Elcy E. Timothy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
The West ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Policies And Programs

Although stepfamilies exist in some form in nearly every country in the world, they are most common in Western countries. This paper provides a summary of laws, policies, and programs pertaining to stepfamilies in a selection of Western countries, with a special focus on the United States. Although stepfamilies have been prevalent throughout the West for decades, they remain “incompletely institutionalized,” and governments have been slow to address their needs and concerns. There is large variation across Western countries with respect to how stepfamilies are treated under the law, with some countries employing more liberal definitions of “parents,” “children,” and “families,” than others. In contrast, stepfamilies in the United States must contend with a complex and conflicting set of federal laws, state laws, and court precedents. Their legal status is uncertain and the way stepfamilies are treated is inconsistent across social programs and policies. Overall, there is clear bias against stepfamilies within most U.S. institutions. The review includes recommendations for change that would enhance stepfamily stability and quality of life in both Western and non-Western contexts.

Maoism and Postmodernism

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Alfred Hornung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
The West

In this essay I discuss the emergence of the Mao cult during the Cultural Revolution in China and its appropriation in cultural revolutions in Europe and the United States to show how this image resonated with similar cults of popular icons in the West and lent itself to the formulation of theories and practices of postmodernism. The image quality of these cults facilitated the rise of the Mao-craze in the late 1980s and 1990s when political pop productions of Mao by Chinese artists emerged in New York and were then transplanted to China where they met with transfigurations of Mao’s legacy in the People’s Republic. The final stage of postmodern variations of Mao is reached with the presidency of Barack Obama in 2009 and the merging of the two leaders into Chairman Obamao or Comrade Maobama, which can be read as the end of ideological contrast between the two countries for the sake of creating a system of political interdependence for the 21st century, a postmodern prefiguration of a coming ChinAmerica.

scholarly journals POPULISME DAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Imelda Masni Juniaty Sianipar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Order ◽  
The West ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Hugo Chavez

On October 20, 2014, Joko Widodo or familiarly known as Jokowi was sworn in as the Seventh President of the Republic of Indonesia. The majority of Indonesian society supports Jokowi because He is simple, honest and populist. The presence of populist leaders in international politics often attracts the attention of Western countries, particularly the United States. Populist leaders are often considered as the authoritarian leaders, anti-democratic, anti-Western, anti-foreign and anti-market. Hugo Chavez from Venezuela and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from Iran are the examples. Chavez and Ahmadinejad are considered as threats by the United States because they challenge the United States led regional and global order. This article will examine the direction of Jokowi’s foreign policy. This article argues that Jokowi is a moderate populist leader. Jokowi is friendly to other countries including the West but still prioritize the national interests. Thus, Indonesia under Jokowi is not a threat to other countries and the West. In fact, they can work together to achieve their common national interests. Keywords: populism, foreign policy, Indonesia, jokowi, moderate populism

scholarly journals AGREEMENT ON THE JOINT COMPREHENSIVE PLAN OF ACTION (JCPOA) BETWEEN IRAN AND THE UNITED STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Mohamad Amine El Khalfi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Uranium Enrichment ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Nuclear Development ◽  
Trump Administration

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is the result of diplomatic negotiations reached by the United States, Britain, France, Russia, China, Germany and Iran in 2015 regarding the Iran Nuclear Agreement. The emergence of this agreement was due to Iran's actions abusing its nuclear development to serve as a weapon of mass destruction in 2011. In response to this, Western countries imposed economic sanctions on Iran in the hope of weakening Iran's position so that it does not have the ability to continue its nuclear weapons program. In fact, these sanctions succeeded in weakening the Iranian economy but were not politically effective enough because the Iranian government remained strong, this led to Iran being still involved in various conflicts in the region and still insisting on developing its uranium enrichment. Iran's tough stance made Western countries choose to bring Iran into the negotiations by making offers that could attract Iran's attention. During the Obama administration, the United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the negotiations. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020. The United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the talks. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020. The United States succeeded in bringing Iran into the negotiations. An achievement when the United States together with Britain, France, Russia, China, and Germany succeeded in getting Iran to agree to stop developing its nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of sanctions from the West. However, when the Donald Trump administration tensions began to re-emerge with the assassination of one of Iran's war generals that took place in 2020.

scholarly journals Content and Quality of Legal Information and Data on the Internet with a Special Focus on the United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire M. Germain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Digital Medium ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Foreign Governments

SummaryIn the United States today, digital versions of current decisions, bills, statutes, and regulations issued by federal and state governments are widely available on publicly accessible Web sites. Worldwide, official (defined as “authoritative,” or “the official” word of the law) legal information issued by international organizations and foreign governments is also becoming available on the Web. However, there are currently no standards for the production and authentication of digital documents. Moreover, the information is sometimes available only for a short time and then disappears from the site. No guidelines exist either to promote a uniform way to cite to digital legal materials.This article examines the contents of legal data and information on the Internet, with a special focus on the United States. It then evaluates the quality of the data, its impact on legal research and access to legal information, and addresses some issues raised by the digital medium, such as its reliability and permanent access concerns.

Legal Pluralism in the West

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-128
Author(s):  
Brian Z. Tamanaha
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
The West ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Indigenous Law

This chapter counters the widely held view in the West that the state exercises a monopoly over law. Romani (Gypsy) communities across Europe have lived in accordance with their own law for a thousand years. Indigenous law and tribunals exist in New Zealand, Canada, Australia, and the United States, in various relationships with state law. In a number of Western countries, Jewish law and Muslim law and institutions interact with state law as well as exist apart from state law. All of these examples involve the continuation of community legal orders (customary and religious) that long predate the modern state and have continued in different forms, adjusting to and surviving the extension and penetration of state law. In many of these contexts, state law has tried to suppress, denigrate, or ignore these bodies of community law, denying their legal status, but despite of this treatment they continue to exist and are considered law by adherents.

Constructing an Axis of Evil

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-47
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Marandi ◽  
Hossein Pirnajmuddin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Malcolm X ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iranian Diaspora

A major phenomenon in recent decades within Orientalist discourse is the indigenous Orientalism that can be seen in the works of some scholars, writers, and thinkers. These writers are sometimes referred to as “captive minds,” “brown sahibs,” or what Malcolm X would call the “houseNegro.”1 Defined by their intellectual bondage and dependence on the West and, at times, likened to pop psychologists in their writings about the “natives,” their western counterparts believe them because, as native informants, they are seen to be in a position to produce authentic representations of the Oriental psyche. This paper offers a brief study of memoirs written by members of the Iranian diaspora in western countries over the past decade, particularly in the United States. Among these writers are Azar Nafisi, Marjane Satrapi, Roya Hakakian, Afshin Molavi, and Azadeh Moaveni, and others. A few books with thriller-like titles, such as Prisoner of Tehran (Marina Nemat: 2008) or Living in Hell (Ghazal Omid: 2005), will not be studied. In the eyes of many Iranian intellectuals, such writers are often viewed as examples of the Iranian intellectual comprador class or members of the gharbzadeh (a term made current by JalalAle-Ahmad, the Iranian critic and intellectual, that can be rendered in English as westernized, west-struck, or westomaniac), rather than as intellectuals.

A Bumpy Ride: China’s Search to Be a Responsible Power

2021 ◽  
pp. 348-357
Author(s):  
Qingguo Jia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
International Peacekeeping ◽  
Trump Administration

Summary Recent years have seen China trying to play the role of a responsible power. It has made great efforts in this regard, including actively participating in international peacekeeping operations, collaborating with other countries to deal with the climate change and trying to help in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. However, China’s efforts have met with stiff resistance from the West, especially from the Donald Trump-led United States. How does one explain this turn of events? This essay argues that the speed of China’s rise; the Western perception of China’s domestic development; the failure to address domestic problems on the part of some major Western countries, especially the United States; and the role that the Trump administration played provide important clues to such a development.

Constructing an Axis of Evil

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Marandi ◽  
Hossein Pirnajmuddin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Malcolm X ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iranian Diaspora

A major phenomenon in recent decades within Orientalist discourse is the indigenous Orientalism that can be seen in the works of some scholars, writers, and thinkers. These writers are sometimes referred to as “captive minds,” “brown sahibs,” or what Malcolm X would call the “houseNegro.”1 Defined by their intellectual bondage and dependence on the West and, at times, likened to pop psychologists in their writings about the “natives,” their western counterparts believe them because, as native informants, they are seen to be in a position to produce authentic representations of the Oriental psyche. This paper offers a brief study of memoirs written by members of the Iranian diaspora in western countries over the past decade, particularly in the United States. Among these writers are Azar Nafisi, Marjane Satrapi, Roya Hakakian, Afshin Molavi, and Azadeh Moaveni, and others. A few books with thriller-like titles, such as Prisoner of Tehran (Marina Nemat: 2008) or Living in Hell (Ghazal Omid: 2005), will not be studied. In the eyes of many Iranian intellectuals, such writers are often viewed as examples of the Iranian intellectual comprador class or members of the gharbzadeh (a term made current by JalalAle-Ahmad, the Iranian critic and intellectual, that can be rendered in English as westernized, west-struck, or westomaniac), rather than as intellectuals.

Resource rivalry will rise between China and the West

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Commodity Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
China Trade

Significance Chinese miners tend to invest around USD4bn overseas each year, which is comfortably less than 10% of the global total. They have focused on metals for which demand is rising fast and domestic supply is negligible. In some Western countries they now encounter political obstacles to investment. Impacts The Australia-China trade conflict is affecting commodity flows, except in iron ore, which represent 40% of Australia’s exports to China. The United States, Australia, Japan and India have agreed to develop production of rare earths to reduce dependence on China. The strengthening of the renmimbi will incrementally boost the buying power of Chinese mining firms in many developing states.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document