Child Athletes and Athletic Objectification

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Cameron ◽  
Lynne McPherson ◽  
Prue Atkins ◽  
Matthew Nicholson ◽  
Maureen Long
Keyword(s):  
Best Interests ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Good For ◽  
Gendered Expectations

This article examines the risks associated with conceptualizing the child athlete’s body primarily in aesthetic terms and as an instrument of sporting victory, and develops a concept of “athletic objectification.” It draws on a recent research project involving Australian males and females aged between 18 and 25 who participated in organized sport as children. It identifies socially prevalent beliefs and values to which the athletic objectification of children may be partially attributed. These include the orthodoxy that sport is inherently good for children’s development, and the particular valorization of sporting success and gendered expectations that characterize Western society. It concludes with the argument that serving children’s best interests in sport requires that their broader psychosocial needs are given priority above the short-term development of their athletic capacity.

Framing the Issues

Journeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Susan L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Violent Relationship

Chapter 1 explores the key theoretical and empirical literature that guides the research project. It describes the pushes and pulls that women experience in relationships characterized by IPV/A and it outlines what we understand women need in the short term and long term after the dissolution of a violent relationship. This chapter also incorporates a discussion of central thematic concepts such as growth, healing from trauma, individual agency and collective efficacy, identity, and meaning making. I challenge the false, or incomplete, assumption that there is some kind of closure for women after leaving a violent relationship. Finally, it looks at what it means to be “resilient.”

Diurnal resting sites of the nocturnal dasyurid marsupial Sminthopsis douglasi in Bladensburg National Park, Queensland

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Resting Sites ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Males And Females

An attempt has been made to determine where Julia Creek dunnarts (Sminthopsis douglasi), small nocturnal dasyurid marsupials, rest during the day under differing seasonal conditions. A short-term study was carried out in Bladensburg National Park, near the southern edge of its known distribution on the Mitchell grass downs in Queensland. Radio-collared individuals were located in cracks and holes. None of the males and females (including one with young in the pouch) were found to use the same resting site over periods of up to nine days, suggesting that they may be nomadic. Climatic factors may have affected the size of the dunnart population over the course of the study.

Hierarchical model-based estimation of population growth curves for redfish (Sebastes mentella and Sebastes fasciatus) off the Eastern coast of Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel G. Cadigan ◽  
Steven E. Campana
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sebastes Mentella

Northwest Atlantic (NWA) redfish (Sebastes mentella and Sebastes fasciatus) stocks are currently assessed using survey indicators and age-aggregated production models rather than age-based models because routine age readings are not available due to the difficulty in obtaining reliable measurements for these fish. However, recruitment is highly variable for redfish species so age-aggregated production models are not a good approach to provide short-term harvest advice. Recently a relatively large dataset of validated age readings was published that provide a good basis to model growth and its variability [i.e. population growth curve (PGC)]. In this article we propose a hierarchical random effects growth model that includes between-individual variation to estimate PGCs for 10 NWA redfish stocks and for males and females separately. These growth curves are required to develop age-based stock assessment models. External estimates of measurement error in length and age are included in our model to separate these sources of variation from the PGC variability. The hierarchical approach leads to more realistic growth curves than if each stock and sex are modelled separately. Model results indicated that S. mentella usually grow to larger sizes than S. fasciatus and that females of both these species grow to larger sizes than males. There was little evidence of a change in growth rates over time.

scholarly journals Artful Inquiry and the Unexpected Ethical Turn: Exploring Identity through Creative Engagement with Grades 9-12 Students in Guatemala and Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mindy Carter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
The Future

This paper presents a research project conducted with Grades 9-12 students in Canada and Guatemala where the visual arts were used to explore identity. Participants engaged in a short-term artful inquiry in which they were asked to create a piece of visual art that represented their cultural roots, self in present society and hopes for the future. Various modes of representation including drawing and collage were used. When considering the data, emergent themes and the overall project, unexpected reverberations about the ethical impact of doing arts based work emerged. These questions led to further questions about how creative engagement, individual and collective transformation within the classroom environment does/does not occur as a result of creative engagement.  

scholarly journals Women in Love: Why Women are Expected to Love First and the Exploration of Changing Gender Roles in Heterosexual Romantic Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Isabelle Kuzio
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Heterosexual Relationship ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
Relationship Norms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gendered Expectations

This paper explores the misconception that women, being perceived in western society as the most emotional gender, is the first to feel love and to say the words “I love you” in a romantic heterosexual relationship. Research has determined that women are expected to say and feel love in a relationship before men, when in reality the opposite is true. I will discuss social expectations of gender norms in heterosexual relationships and the ways in which relationship norms are currently being challenged. I suggest that changes in courtship norms and media influences on youth create inaccurate gender expectations around love and that new technological advances and decrease in the effectiveness of monogamous heterosexual relationships are challenging these gender expectations, therefore the relationship model and the gendered expectations within these relationships, as known by western society, may be obsolete.

Gender at the Medieval Millennium

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance H. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Medieval Women ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Peasant Women ◽  
New Evidence

The turn of the first millennium was once seen by feminist historians like Jo Ann Kay McNamara as the beginning of an inexorable decline in the power and status of medieval women, particularly with the celibate clergy’s assertion of hegemony as a third gender, but new evidence shows that this was only a short-term setback. While new technologies, like water-powered mills, may initially have been resisted as a means of extracting new rent, they freed up peasant women for more productive activities, including textile production. As noblemen intent on asserting their masculinity joined the Crusades, women who ruled the estates in their absence found new power and authority. Women contributed to the consolidation of political power and economic growth by using clerics to keep written records, building religious establishments, and promoting commercial institutions like the Champagne fairs. Their contribution to the “takeoff” of western society, however, has rarely been noted.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen on the selection of food by Phyllobius arborator (Herbst)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
E. Kula ◽  
A. Pešlová ◽  
D. Buchtová
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of a nutritive plant and the consumption of food (<I>Betula pendula</I> Roth) affected by differentiated inputs of nitrogen after the repeated application of ammonium nitrate into soil was monitored at <I>Phyllobius arborator</I> (Herbst) under field (polythene greenhouse) and laboratory (Climacell) conditions. In birch leaves, the content of nitrogen increased. The diameter and height increment was stimulated by the application of 0.5–1 g, higher doses induced stress and the fall of increment. According to the frequency of feeding marks on leaves and food consumption by weevils of the genus <I>Phyllobius</I> in a polythene greenhouse, birch with the higher content of nitrogen was preferred. In laboratory rearing, females showed higher food requirements. In short-term rearing, differentiation did not occur in the amount of consumed food in males and females depending on the nitrogen content.

scholarly journals Implanted satellite transmitters affect sea duck movement patterns at short and long timescales

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet S Lamb ◽  
Peter W C Paton ◽  
Jason E Osenkowski ◽  
Shannon S Badzinski ◽  
Alicia M Berlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Site ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Satellite Transmitters ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Long Timescales

Abstract Studies of the effects of transmitters on wildlife often focus on survival. However, sublethal behavioral changes resulting from radio-marking have the potential to affect inferences from telemetry data and may vary based on individual and environmental characteristics. We used a long-term, multi-species tracking study of sea ducks to assess behavioral patterns at multiple temporal scales following implantation of intracoelomic satellite transmitters. We applied state-space models to assess short-term behavioral patterns in 476 individuals with implanted satellite transmitters, as well as comparing breeding site attendance and migratory phenology across multiple years after capture. In the short term, our results suggest an increase in dispersive behavior immediately following capture and transmitter implantation; however, behavior returned to seasonally average patterns within ~5 days after release. Over multiple years, we found that breeding site attendance by both males and females was depressed during the first breeding season after radio-marking relative to subsequent years, with larger relative decreases in breeding site attendance among males than females. We also found that spring and breeding migrations occurred later in the first year after radio-marking than in subsequent years. Across all behavioral effects, the severity of behavioral change often varied by species, sex, age, and capture season. We conclude that, although individuals appear to adjust relatively quickly (i.e. within 1 week) to implanted satellite transmitters, changes in breeding phenology may occur over the longer term and should be considered when analyzing and reporting telemetry data.

SHORT-TERM STRESS CAN BE GOOD FOR YOU

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 673-673
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Good For

The Gender Effects of Heart Rate Variability Response during Short-Term Exercise using Stair Stepper from Statistical Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aziyatul Izni Mohd Rosli ◽  
Mohd Azizi Abdul Rahman ◽  
Malarvili Balakrishnan ◽  
Takashi Komeda ◽  
Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Subjects

This study is aimed to explore the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) response during short-term exercise by stair stepper and to compare the finding between young healthy male and female subjects. The responses were statistically analyzed by applying independent-samples t-test statistical method. The calculation of Coefficient of Variation (CoV (%)) and the slope of the linear regression is used to assess the steadiness of the HRV. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated that female subjects had greater significant p-value of RMSSD feature and significance p-value in a LF feature is greater in male. Thus, the ongoing results demonstrated that males have the sympathetic drive and females have predominant parasympathetic drive using short-term exercise by stepper. Thus, the experiment results indicate the suitability of developing rehabilitation devices in the field of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), research, control system and rehabilitation enginering, which may help to isolate males and females.

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