scholarly journals Implanted satellite transmitters affect sea duck movement patterns at short and long timescales

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet S Lamb ◽  
Peter W C Paton ◽  
Jason E Osenkowski ◽  
Shannon S Badzinski ◽  
Alicia M Berlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Site ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Satellite Transmitters ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Long Timescales

Abstract Studies of the effects of transmitters on wildlife often focus on survival. However, sublethal behavioral changes resulting from radio-marking have the potential to affect inferences from telemetry data and may vary based on individual and environmental characteristics. We used a long-term, multi-species tracking study of sea ducks to assess behavioral patterns at multiple temporal scales following implantation of intracoelomic satellite transmitters. We applied state-space models to assess short-term behavioral patterns in 476 individuals with implanted satellite transmitters, as well as comparing breeding site attendance and migratory phenology across multiple years after capture. In the short term, our results suggest an increase in dispersive behavior immediately following capture and transmitter implantation; however, behavior returned to seasonally average patterns within ~5 days after release. Over multiple years, we found that breeding site attendance by both males and females was depressed during the first breeding season after radio-marking relative to subsequent years, with larger relative decreases in breeding site attendance among males than females. We also found that spring and breeding migrations occurred later in the first year after radio-marking than in subsequent years. Across all behavioral effects, the severity of behavioral change often varied by species, sex, age, and capture season. We conclude that, although individuals appear to adjust relatively quickly (i.e. within 1 week) to implanted satellite transmitters, changes in breeding phenology may occur over the longer term and should be considered when analyzing and reporting telemetry data.

In Vivo Selection Unmasks a Dormant Pool of Repopulating Hematopoietic Clones

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 242-242
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Adair ◽  
Lauren E Schefter ◽  
Daniel R Humphrys ◽  
Kevin G Haworth ◽  
Jonah D Hocum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
In Vivo Selection ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract Long-term clonal tracking studies utilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in nonhuman primates receiving myeloablative transplantation demonstrate a successive pattern of repopulation: short-term repopulating cells are succeeded by long-term clones. However, the duration of short-term repopulation and the numbers of clones contributing to either short or long-term repopulation are unclear. Here, we tracked >11,000 unique clones in 8 pigtail macaques for up to 9 years following myeloablative transplantation with autologous, lentivirus gene-modified CD34+ HSPCs. Seven of these animals received cells expressing the P140K mutant methylguanine methyltransferase transgene, which is resistant to the combination of O6-benzylguanine (O6BG) and bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) chemotherapy, thus conferring a selective advantage to gene-modified cells in vivo. After transplantation and before in vivo selection with O6BG/BCNU, we observed a successive pattern of hematopoietic reconstitution, with short-term clones declining within 100 days after transplantation. Within the first year after transplant, the percent of persistent clones varied from animal-to-animal, ranging from 8% to 54% of clones detected at a >1% frequency, and remained stable in the absence of selective pressure. Importantly, when animals engrafted with P140K-expressing cells were administered O6BG/BCNU we observed novel clonal patterns, which directly correlated with transplanted cell dose and time of chemotherapy administration after transplant. In all animals, chemotherapy induced emergence of previously undetected clones. In animals receiving ≤12x106 CD34+ cells/kg at the time of transplant (n = 4), chemotherapy also induced a re-emergence of previously declined short-term repopulating clones or a stabilization (i.e. decreased fluctuation) of repopulating clones identified between 100 days and 1 year after transplant. However, in animals receiving robust cell doses, ≥35x106 CD34+ cells/kg (n = 2), chemotherapy more than 1 year after transplant induced a completely novel clonal repertoire. In one animal receiving 22x106 CD34+ cells/kg at transplant, chemotherapy administration beginning <1 year (253 days) after transplant induced clonal stability, which was maintained through two additional chemotherapy treatments. These data suggest that some short-term repopulating clones may have long-term repopulation ability, but revert to a dormant phase within the first year after transplant. Additionally, these data indicate that transplant of excess repopulating cells results in early dormancy of a large proportion of repopulating clones. Together, these findings suggest that previous estimates of HSPC frequency based on clone tracking are an underestimate of true graft repopulation potential. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Brief stimuli cast a long-term trace in visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fritsche ◽  
Samuel G. Solomon ◽  
Floris P. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Statistical Representation ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Long Timescales

AbstractSensory processing and perception are strongly influenced by recent stimulus history – a phenomenon termed adaptation. While perception can be influenced even by brief stimuli presented dozens of seconds ago, neural adaptation to brief stimuli has not been observed beyond time lags of a few hundred milliseconds. Here, using an openly available dataset from the Allen Brain Observatory, we show that neurons in the early visual cortex of the mouse exhibit remarkably long timescales of adaptation in response to brief visual stimuli, persisting over dozens of seconds, despite the presentation of several intervening stimuli. Long-term adaptation was selectively expressed in cortical, but not in thalamic neurons, which only showed short-term adaptation. Visual cortex thus maintains concurrent stimulus-specific memory traces of past input that enable the visual system to build up a statistical representation of the world over multiple timescales, to efficiently represent information in a changing environment.

scholarly journals 5-Year Angiographic and Clinical Follow-up of Coil-Embolised Intradural Saccular Aneurysms

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
LL Batista ◽  
J. Mahadevan ◽  
M. Sachet ◽  
H. Alvarez ◽  
G. Rodesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Coil Embolisation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Detachable Coil ◽  
Complete Occlusion ◽  
Guglielmi Detachable Coil ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Arterial Aneurysms

The purpose of the paper is the follow-up of embolised intradural saccular Arterial Aneurysms (AA), excluding giant, dissecting, inflammatory, fusiform or AA associated to BVAM. Since its introduction in 1991, the Guglielmi Detachable Coil has offered protection against aneurysmal rebleeding in the critical few days and months after SAH regardless of the grade. A number of questions remain: is complete angiographic obliteration necessary at first embolisation? What duration of clinical / angiographic follow-up (FU) is required to ensure the risk of haemorrhage has been eliminated? What is the long-term protection against rebleeding? One hundred and two patients with 160 intradural saccular AA embolised before april 1997 were selected for this study. They had at least 5-yrs clinical FU, of which 22 patients had a mid-term (3 years) and 45 patients had a 5-year or more angiographic FU (mean 67,7 months per patient). Twenty-eight embolised AAs with 100% occlusion at 1 year, remained unchanged on the 5-year angiograms. A further 14 patients with complete occlusion at 1 year showed persisting complete occlusion on angiogram at 3-years FU, which in our series means that complete occlusion after the first year post-embolisation implies that the aneurysm will remain completely occluded. All secondary spontaneous thromboses (27.6% of cases), occurred during the first year pos-embolisation. In six patients with subtotal or partial occlusion no change was seen for three consecutive years of FU; none showed later change at 5-year angiography. Below 80% occlusion our series does not provide enough information but we consider the situation instable. No mortality related to the procedure was observed in the unruptured AA group. No bleeding or re-bleeding has occurred since the beginning of our experience (1993) in saccular AA treated by GDC-Coil. Coil-embolisation of properly selected patients is effective in protecting against bleeding or re-bleeding at short and long-term with stable morphological results provided a strict follow-up control is established at short term.

EFFECTS OF HIGH URACIL DIET-INDUCED GUT DYSBIOSIS ON COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR IN DROSOPHILA

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Garcia ◽  
Camila Salcedo ◽  
Richard C. Laughlin ◽  
Maria E. Velez-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Past research has established that Drosophila gut inflammation via the dual oxidase (DUOX) regulatory pathway is induced by exposure to bacterial-derived uracil, which can be secreted by allochthonous and autochthonous bacteria in the midgut. However, the effects of the inflammatory response and resulting gut dysbiosis on the courtship behavior of the Drosophila host have yet to be determined. This work studies the changes in Drosophila courtship behavior resulting from diet-based exposure to uracil, a ligand for DUOX-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the epithelia of the midgut. The effects of a high-uracil diet on courtship behavior were determined by comparing courtship index (CI) values of flies treated with 20 nM of uracil for 16-hr (short-term) or 10-d (long-term) exposure to age-matched control flies. Although short-term uracil treatment caused no change in courtship behavior, long-term uracil treatment resulted in a significant decrease in CI. This result suggests that the underlying association for the behavioral change may be influenced by gut inflammation initiated by long-term exposure to uracil. By measuring the effects of an innate immune response such as exposure to a ligand for DUOX-dependent ROS generation on the courtship index of Drosophila, the current understanding of the relationship between gut inflammation and behavioral changes in animals can be expanded. Given that prior research has also established that the DUOX-dependent response can be found in animals ranging from Drosophila to humans, the behavioral changes observed from induction of the pathway have the potential to expand this connection in the future.

AB0641 MANAGING ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (AS) WITH SHORT TERM BIOSIMILAR ADALIMUMAB REGIMEN IN A RESOURCE STRAPPED SETTING: A PROTOCOL DRIVEN COMMUNITY CLINIC ORIENTED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1615.1-1615
Author(s):  
A. Chopra ◽  
N. Khadke ◽  
M. Saluja ◽  
T. Kianifard ◽  
A. Venugopalan
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
One Year

Background:We were handicapped by the exorbitant cost of innovator anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) drugs. Despite limited use, we sometimes observed long-term benefits following short term induction like use. Emboldened by advent of biosimilars, we carried out an investigational study.Objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness of a short regimen of biosimilar (Bs) Adalimumab in ASMethods:50 consenting patients (86% B27+) naïve for biologics and negative for latent TB screen were enrolled into an observational design study of one year; Baseline mean values for age, duration, ASDAS and CRP was 31 years, 98.8 months, 4.6 and 64 mg per dl respectively. During the first year, patients were begun with 40 mg Bs Adalimumab (Bs-ADL) (Exemptia™), injected fortnight, for 12-16 weeks. No patient received DMARD or steroid in the first year of study. Patients continued standard of care follow up program in the clinic. The ASAS (Assessment Spondyloarthritis International Society) improvement indices were used. Standard intention-to-treat analysis was performed; significant p <0.05.Results:Optimum ASAS 40 improvement was observed at week 12 (68%); substantial improvement lasted till week 36. At one year, the ASAS 40 was 38%; ASAS partial remission 22% patients. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF α and IL-17) showed conspicuous reduction; maximum drop in IL-6 at week 24 (See Figure). 11 patients withdrew in the first year. 30 patients completed two years and 22 patients completed 3 year follow up. Over time, there was substantial loss in the ASAS 20 and 40 responses but patients seemed satisfied with the on-going symptomatic relief and improved function. Admittedly, patients showed more adherences to advice on physical exercise and stress reduction. Flares were more frequent after 1 year requiring short term round the clock NSAID; only 5 patients could afford to repeat a short term Bs-ADL regimen and one patient underwent hip arthroplasty. None received steroids and 5 patients were begun on Sulfasalazine in the second year and monitored. We could not evaluate structural modification (AS). Selected outcomes over 2 and 3 years from the current study will be compared to matched control (derived from the clinic database). None developed TB or any serious drug related toxicity. 2 patients developed recurrent uveitis.Conclusion:This real life documented experience unravelled impressive long term benefits following a kick start short term induction regimen of Biosimilar Adalimumab in AS. Though contrary to standard practice, this seemed a practical solution in our setting. We speculate a psychological and motivational boost rather than a prolonged real time biological effect (Bs-ADL) for this phenomenon. Our study has important socioeconomic bearing and merits validation.Acknowledgement:This was essentially a non-commercial investigator-initiated study. Zydus Cedilla India provided a generous research grant with free of cost Bs_ADL to several patients and a large concession in the cost to the rest.Disclosure of Interests:Arvind Chopra Grant/research support from: Zydus Pharamceutical Ltd India, Nagnath Khadke: None declared, Manjit Saluja: None declared, Toktam Kianifard: None declared, Anuradha Venugopalan: None declared

Quantifying COVID-19’s Silver Lining: Avoided Deaths from Air Quality Improvements in Bogotá

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Blackman ◽  
Jorge Bonilla ◽  
Laura Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Mortality ◽  
Silver Lining

In cities around the world, Covid-19 lockdowns have improved outdoor air quality, in some cases dramatically. Even if only temporary, these improvements could have longer-lasting effects on policy by making chronic air pollution more salient and boosting political pressure for change. To that end, it is important to develop objective estimates of both the air quality improvements associated with Covid-19 lockdowns and the benefits these improvements generate. We use panel data econometric models to estimate the effect of Bogotás lockdown on fine particulate pollution, epidemiological models to simulate the effect of reductions in that pollution on long-term and short-term mortality, and benefit transfer methods to estimate the monetary value of the avoided mortality. We find that in its first year of implementation, on average, Bogotás lockdown cut fine particulate pollution by more than one-fifth. However, the magnitude of that effect varied considerably over the course of the year and across the citys neighborhoods. Equivalent permanent reductions in fine particulate pollution would reduce long-term premature deaths by more than one-quarter each year, a benefit valued at $670 million per year. Finally, we estimate that in 2020-2021, the lockdown reduced short-term deaths by 31 percent, a benefit valued at $180 million.

Models of internalizing outcomes of early rejection

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Salzer Burks ◽  
Kenneth A. Dodge ◽  
Joseph M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Year

AbstractViewing social rejection from same-age peers as a source of stress for children, the current study sought to determine the most appropriate model of the effects of temporary versus consistent experiences with rejection for both short-term and long-term internalizing problems. Adopting a cross-sectional longitudinal design, the sociometric status of children in the first year of the study (when the children were in the first, second, or third grades), and then again in the next school year (when children were in the second, third, or fourth grades) was assessed to determine which children were rejected by their peers. Internalizing outcome measures were administered in the third and sixth years of follow-up. Results indicated that, for boys, the Threshold Model best represented the stressful effects of rejection. That is, only boys who were exposed to rejection for 2 consecutive years demonstrated both short-term and long-term internalizing problems in subsequent years. For girls, however, there appeared to be few significant differences among those who never experienced rejection, who had only temporary experiences with rejection, and girls who were consistently exposed to rejection. Results are discussed in terms of the significance of a Threshold Model as well as possible explanations for these gender differences.

How do habitat and climate variation affect phenology of the Amazonian palm, Mauritia flexuosa?

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxaneh Khorsand Rosa ◽  
Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa ◽  
Suzanne Koptur
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract:Although the dioecious palm, Mauritia flexuosa plays a pivotal role in Amazonian ecology and economy, little is known about its flowering and fruiting patterns. We investigated the role of habitat and inter-annual precipitation in the phenology of M. flexuosa. We calculated sex ratios and recorded phenology for 20 mo in four populations (N = 246) of savanna–forest ecotone (two sites) and forest (two sites) habitat in Roraima, Brazilian Amazonia. Sex ratios were significantly female-biased, and >98% of females set fruit. No significant relationship was found between habitat and sex. Flowering occurred at the wet/dry season interface (August–November), and fruit maturation occurred during the wet season (May–August). Males and females flowered synchronously, and neither the onset nor termination of flowering differed significantly between habitats. Flowering was negatively associated with present precipitation and positively correlated with prior precipitation (3 mo). Fruiting was positively associated with present precipitation and unrelated to prior precipitation (3 mo). We conclude that habitat has an insignificant effect, although short-term climatic variation may influence phenology of this species in northern Amazonia. These results highlight the need for long-term studies relating flowering and fruiting events, and inter-annual climatic variation.

Weight change with atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
First Year ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Weight gain is a common complication of antipsychotic treatment. Its consequences include decreased self-esteem, reduced quality of life, reduced adherence with medication and increased morbidity and mortality. Most studies that assess weight change are short term. Among the atypicals mean weight gain is greatest with olanzapine and clozapine and least with aripiprazole and ziprasidone. Mean weight change obscures the marked individual variation in weight change that occurs during antipsychotic treatment i.e. irrespective of the antipsychotic, some subjects lose weight, some maintain their weight and some gain weight. In several long-term naturalistic studies (>6 months) mean weight gain is less marked than in randomised controlled trials of a shorter or comparable duration. This may reflect selective prescribing, the effect of weight management interventions and differences in the statistical analysis employed. With most antipsychotics weight stabilizes in the short to medium term but with clozapine it may continue beyond the first year. With some drugs clinical improvement is associated with short-term weight gain. Predictors of long-term weight gain include lower body mass index, increased appetite and rapid initial weight increase. Weight gain is greater in first onset patients due to the lack of prior antipsychotic exposure and associated weight gain. The potential for weight gain should be discussed with patients before starting antipsychotic treatment and weight monitored regularly during treatment. It may be possible to predict weight gain before an antipsychotic is started or early on in treatment enabling high-risk patients to receive more intensive strategies to reduce weight gain.

scholarly journals Må sykefravær legitimeres med legemelding?

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Torunn S. Olsen ◽  
Nils Fleten
Keyword(s):  
Sick Leave ◽  
First Year ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Extended Self ◽  
Medical Certificate ◽  
Sickness Benefits ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Prolonged Absence

Most Western countries require a medical certificate for payment of sickness benefits in prolonged absence spells. Based on an intervention enabling self-certified sick leave up to 365 days in the municipality of Mandal, this article discusses whether a medical certificate is necessary to legitimate sick leave. The municipality’s absence registry and questionnaire data form the basis of this article. In Mandal self-certification has become the rule, both for short- and long-term sick leave. For short-term absence, the transition to self-certification has reduced absence length and return to work has become more evenly distributed throughout the week. For sick leave in excess of 16 days, absence length has increased, but not significantly. The proportion of graded long-term sick leave significantly increased in self-certified episodes, from 23 percent the first year to 43 percent the third year. A large and increasing majority of the employees are satisfied with extended self-certification. Those whom still prefer a doctor’s sick note, are either critical to how they are followed-up at the workplace or feel that self-certification is a burden. The transition to self-certification as main documentation for sickness absence has not increased absence levels. During long-term absence spells employees consult their doctors. This indicates that the employees behave responsibly when they self-certify and retain contact with their doctor for medical purposes. The intervention suggests that mandatory certification by a doctor is not necessary for legitimising sick leave, even long-term absence.

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