scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen on the selection of food by Phyllobius arborator (Herbst)

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
E. Kula ◽  
A. Pešlová ◽  
D. Buchtová
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of a nutritive plant and the consumption of food (<I>Betula pendula</I> Roth) affected by differentiated inputs of nitrogen after the repeated application of ammonium nitrate into soil was monitored at <I>Phyllobius arborator</I> (Herbst) under field (polythene greenhouse) and laboratory (Climacell) conditions. In birch leaves, the content of nitrogen increased. The diameter and height increment was stimulated by the application of 0.5–1 g, higher doses induced stress and the fall of increment. According to the frequency of feeding marks on leaves and food consumption by weevils of the genus <I>Phyllobius</I> in a polythene greenhouse, birch with the higher content of nitrogen was preferred. In laboratory rearing, females showed higher food requirements. In short-term rearing, differentiation did not occur in the amount of consumed food in males and females depending on the nitrogen content.

Diagnostic approach to causes of spinal pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
F. D. Nasirova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiologic Investigation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Pain At Rest ◽  
Oncologic Diseases ◽  
Selection Of

Causes of spinal pain are extremely varying. Sex composition of patients referring with spinal pain at the age of 16 to 35 was 35% and 65% for males and females, respectively. Peak number of complaints was observed in 30-40 years age group of highest work ability. The followings should be considered as precautions in spinal pain: onset of pain at the age of 20 and after 50, family history of oncologic diseases, walking disorders or dysfunctions of sphincters, numbness in extremities, general malaise and rapid loss of weight, pain at rest and primarily at night, as these conditions may be a warning of underlying serious disease. Selection of algorithm for radiologic investigation is decided by the treating physician.

The Effects of Shock Vancomycin Concentrations on the Formation of Heteroresistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
V. V. Gostev ◽  
Yu. V. Sopova ◽  
O. S. Kalinogorskaya ◽  
M. E. Velizhanina ◽  
I. V. Lazareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Of Resistance ◽  
Test Cultures

Glycopeptides are the basis of the treatment of infections caused by MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Previously, it was demonstrated that antibiotic tolerant phenotypes are formed during selection of resistance under the influence of high concentrations of antibiotics. The present study uses a similar in vitro selection model with vancomycin. Clinical isolates of MRSA belonging to genetic lines ST8 and ST239, as well as the MSSA (ATCC29213) strain, were included in the experiment. Test isolates were incubated for five hours in a medium with a high concentration of vancomycin (50 μg/ml). Test cultures were grown on the medium without antibiotic for 18 hours after each exposure. A total of ten exposure cycles were performed. Vancomycin was characterized by bacteriostatic action; the proportion of surviving cells after exposure was 70–100%. After selection, there was a slight increase in the MIC to vancomycin (MIC 2 μg/ml), teicoplanin (MIC 1.5–3 μg/ml) and daptomycin (MIC 0.25–2 μg/ml). According to the results of PAP analysis, all strains showed an increase in the area under curve depending on the concentration of vancomycin after selection, while a heteroresistant phenotype (with PAP/AUC 0.9) was detected in three isolates. All isolates showed walK mutations (T188S, D235N, E261V, V380I, and G223D). Exposure to short-term shock concentrations of vancomycin promotes the formation of heteroresistance in both MRSA and MSSA. Formation of VISA phenotypes is possible during therapy with vancomycin.

scholarly journals Nanomedicine Reformulation of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
David M. Stevens ◽  
Rachael M. Crist ◽  
Stephan T. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Extensive Clinical Experience ◽  
Higher Doses

The chloroquine family of antimalarials has a long history of use, spanning many decades. Despite this extensive clinical experience, novel applications, including use in autoimmune disorders, infectious disease, and cancer, have only recently been identified. While short term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is safe at traditional therapeutic doses in patients without predisposing conditions, administration of higher doses and for longer durations are associated with toxicity, including retinotoxicity. Additional liabilities of these medications include pharmacokinetic profiles that require extended dosing to achieve therapeutic tissue concentrations. To improve chloroquine therapy, researchers have turned toward nanomedicine reformulation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to increase exposure of target tissues relative to off-target tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic index. This review highlights these reformulation efforts to date, identifying issues in experimental designs leading to ambiguity regarding the nanoformulation improvements and lack of thorough pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation. Gaps in our current understanding of these formulations, as well as recommendations for future formulation efforts, are presented.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study to Correlate the Facial Form and Maxillary Central Incisor Tooth Form in Males and Females of Davangere Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Deepak Bansal ◽  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Manjit Kumar ◽  
Amrit Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tooth Form ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

AbstractAn altered facial appearance is more difficult to face, than problems related to ill-fitting denture or eating. The selection of maxillary anterior teeth for complete denture has long posed problem in clinical practice and a controversy about the best method to employ still exists. An attempt is made in the present study to clinically correlate the face form with maxillary central incisor tooth form in males and females of Davangere population. In 1914, Leon William's projected the “the form method” where he classified facial forms as square, tapering, and ovoid. Maxillary central incisors were selected according to the facial forms.Of total 100 subjects four different tooth forms and face forms were evaluated. They are: square, ovoid, square-tapered, tapered. No significant correlation existed between face form in male and females. Females exhibited greater correlation between face forms and inverted tooth form but that correlation is not sufficient to serve as a guide for selection of anterior teeth.

Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bajji ◽  
Jean-Marie Kinet ◽  
Stanley Lutts
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atriplex Halimus ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Ionic Effects ◽  
Higher Doses

The effects of salt and osmotic stresses on the germination processes in seeds of the perennial halophyte species Atriplex halimus L. were compared using iso-osmotic concentrations of NaCl and mannitol. The lowest stress intensity delayed germination, while higher doses of NaCl and mannitol reduced final germination percentages. No significant difference occurred between the effects of these solutes on germination percentages or seedling dry weights. At an external osmotic potential of –0.7 MPa, however, the water content of mannitol-treated seedlings was reduced compared to that of seedlings that developed from NaCl-exposed seeds. The K, Mg, and Pi content decreased in seedlings that developed from mannitol-treated seeds while calcium concentration was strongly reduced in those arising from NaCl-treated seeds. Inhibited seeds were able to germinate at levels similar to those of the control after rinsing in deionized water and imbibition in control conditions. Seedlings produced from NaCl pre-treated seeds had a lower Ca and a higher Na content than control seedlings. The effect of salinity on the germination phase of development is mainly due to its osmotic component, and inhibition of germination is reversible. Both salt and osmotic stresses may have an impact on the mobilization of minerals from the seeds to the young seedling, but this effect does not have any consequence on growth processes analysed on a short-term basis.Key words: Atriplex halimus, halophyte, osmotic stress, recovery of seed germination, salinity.

Efficacy and Rate of Release of EPTC and Butylate from Starch Encapsulated Formulations Under Greenhouse Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Schreiber ◽  
B. S. Shasha ◽  
M. A. Ross ◽  
P. L. Orwick ◽  
D. W. Edgecomb
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Selection Of

Four starch-encapsulated formulations of EPTC(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and of butylate(S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) were prepared and evaluated by comparison with their respective emulsifiable concentrate formulations for their slow-release capabilities and efficacies. Chemical and biological evaluation indicated that difference in controlled-release could be achieved by the selection of the starch xanthate and oxidant used in the formualtion process. EPTC and butylate released slower when formulated as starch-encapsulated granules than when formulated as emulsifiable concentrates under soil conditions that favored rapid release. The initial release was adequate for weed control and slow enough for desired residual activity. Repeated seeding and harvesting the treated soils and bioassays of treated soils generally produced release rate anticipated from short term dry and wet chemical tests.

scholarly journals Studies on Nutrigenetic Traits of Silkworm, Bombyxmori L. for Determining Growth and Development for Identifying Parental Breeds for Breeding under Subtropical Region of North West India

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
S. Murali ◽  
Sardar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
North West ◽  
Autumn Season ◽  
Subtropical Condition ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Efficiency Conversion ◽  
Essential Prerequisite ◽  
Selection Of

Study was conducted during spring and autumn season (2018 & 2019) to screen and identify rich nutrigenetic breeds from the selected breed’s for their nutrigenetic traits in silkworm, BombyxmoriL.(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an essential prerequisite for better understanding and development of nutritionally efficient breeds under Subtropical condition of Jammu based on the breeds which shows less food consumption with higher efficiency conversion based on leaf to cocoon and leaf to shell ratio. Highly significant variations were found among all nutrigenetic traits of bivoltine silkworm breeds in the study. The nutritionally efficient silkworm breeds were shortlisted by utilizing nutrition consumption index and efficiency for conversion of ingesta/cocoon traits as the index for selection of highly promising breeds. Furthermore, based on the average of data from both the seasons, the overall rearing nutrigenetic traits utilized as index, eight bivoltine silkworm breeds (B.con 1, B.con 4, BHR 2, ATR 16, BHR 3, CSR 50, RSJ 14 and NB4D2) were identified as havingthe potential for nutrition efficiency conversion and can be utilized for further breeding programme. The data from the present study advances our knowledge for the development of nutritionally efficient silkworm breeds/hybrids and their effective commercial utilization in the sericulture industry.

scholarly journals Investigating Investment, Inflation, Trade-Openness and Economic Progress Nexus for Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (IV) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aftab Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Masood Anwar ◽  
Ghulam Yahya Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Critical Measure ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Guide Lines ◽  
Selection Of

Since inflation and trade openness rate are considered as critical measure of an economy's health. This article analyze the relation of Economic growth with Investment, Inflation and Trade Openness of Pakistan for 1970- 2019. The policy guide lines from analysis include promotion of policies to increase Investment and Trade-openness in short and long-terms. The study used ARDL bound-testing for long-term and Un-Restricted-Error Correction techniques to discover short-term interrelation amongst a selection of variables. Results of study revealed inflation negatively related to economic performance and positively linked to Investment and Trade-Openness. Findings of enquiry suggested government should focus more on investment friendly policies in the country.

scholarly journals Production of Synseed for Hybrid Cymbidium Using Protocorm-Like Bodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Dark Culture ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Synthetic seed were produced from protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’ after culture on a new medium, Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) medium. This new medium contained, in addition to a unique selection of macro- and micronutrients, 0.1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mg/l kinetin, 2 g/l tryptone and 20 g/l sucrose, and was solidified with 8 g/l Bacto agar. Several explant types and sizes (intact PLBs, half-PLBs, PLB longitudinal thin cell layers) were tested. In addition, pretreatment of PLB-synseeds with 200 mM KNO3 solution, the addition of activated charcoal or coconut water to synseeds, light vs dark culture, short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 and 12 months) low-temperature (4°C) storage, as well as cryostorage were also tested. All treatments resulted in less PLBs than the control treatment. Among all these treatments, only the use of TC medium or incorporation of coconut water into synseeds resulted in “germination” while lowtemperature storage (1-6 months) was only possible under liquid TC. These results would allow for the short-term preservation of Cymbidium germplasm but not for effective cryopreservation.

scholarly journals The Intervention Effects of Acupuncture on Fatigue Induced by Exhaustive Physical Exercises: A Metabolomics Investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Ma ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Naixia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Choline Metabolism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

In this study, the antifatigue effects of acupuncture had been investigated at the metabolic level on the young male athletes with exhaustive physical exercises. After a series of exhaustive physical exercises and a short-term rest, the athletes either were treated with needling acupuncture on selected acupoints (TA group) or enjoyed an extended rest (TR group). NMR-based metabolomics analysis was then applied to depict the metabolic profiles of urine samples, which were collected from the athletes at three time points including the time before exercises, the time before and after the treatment of acupuncture, or taking the extended rest. The results from multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the recoveries of disturbed metabolites in the athletes treated with acupuncture were significantly faster than in those only taking rest. After the treatment with acupuncture, the levels of distinguished metabolites, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, lactate, pyruvate, citrate, dimethylglycine, choline, glycine, hippurate, and hypoxanthine were recovered at an accelerated speed in the TA group in comparison with the TR group. The above-mentioned results indicated that the acupuncture treatment ameliorated fatigue by backregulating the perturbed energy metabolism, choline metabolism, and attenuating the ROS-induced stress at an accelerated speed, which demonstrated that acupuncture could serve as an alternative fatigue-relieving approach.

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