Characterization of the Immune Barrier in Human Olfactory Mucosa

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuesday K. Mellert ◽  
Marilyn L. Getchell ◽  
Larry Sparks ◽  
Thomas V. Getchell
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Secretory Component ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
J Chain ◽  
Human Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
A Site

Immunologic defense factors in the human olfactory mucosa were localized immunohistochemically. Olfactory epithelium was identified with an antiserum to olfactory marker protein, specific for olfactory receptor neurons. Constituents of the secretory immune system, including IgA, IgM, secretory component, and J chain, were localized in the acinar and duct cells of Bowman's glands and in the mucociliary complex. In addition, B lymphocytes in the lamina propria near Bowman's glands displayed immunoreactivity for IgA, IgM, and J chain. Immunostaining also localized other humoral factors. Immunoreactivity for IgG was present throughout the stroma and in B lymphocytes in the lamina propria. Antibody to IgD stained numerous B lymphocytes clustered below the basement membrane. Antibody to IgE stained similarly distributed cells; toluidine blue staining demonstrated that many were mast cells. In addition, antibodies to IgD and IgE stained occasional intraepithelial B lymphocytes or mast cells. Two antimicrobial proteins, lactoferrin and lysozyme, were localized in Bowman's glands and the mucociliary complex. Thus, the human olfactory mucosa, which provides a direct neural route for pathogens to the brain, is a site for synthesis and secretion of immune and other defense factors.

The protease phenotype and crystalline nature of the granules of intraepithelial mast cells in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
D.S. Friend ◽  
N. Ghildyal ◽  
M.F. Gurish ◽  
K.F. Austen ◽  
R.L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Crystalline Nature

Trichinella spiralis induces a profound mastocytosis and eosinophilia in the small intestine of the infected mouse. Mouse mast cells (MC) store in their granules various combinations of at least five chymotryptic chymases [designated mouse MC protease (mMCP) 1 to 5], two tryptic proteases designated mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 and an exopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). Using antipeptide, protease -specific antibodies to these MC granule proteases, immunohistochemistry was done to determine the distribution, number and protease phenotype of the MCs in the small intestine and spleen 10 to >60 days after Trichinella infection of BALB/c and C3H mice. TEM was performed to evaluate the granule morphology of the MCs between intestinal epithelial cells and in the lamina propria (mucosal MCs) and in the submucosa, muscle and serosa of the intestine (submucosal MCs).As noted in the table below, the number of submucosal MCs remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, on day 14, the number of MCs in the mucosa increased ~25 fold. Increased numbers of MCs were observed between epithelial cells in the mucosal crypts, in the lamina propria and to a lesser extent, between epithelial cells of the intestinal villi.

The lysosomal protease cathepsin D is efficiently sorted to and secreted from regulated secretory compartments in the rat basophilic/mast cell line RBL

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (18) ◽  
pp. 3289-3298 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dragonetti ◽  
M. Baldassarre ◽  
R. Castino ◽  
M. Demoz ◽  
A. Luini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Lysosomal Protease ◽  
Mannose 6 Phosphate ◽  
Mast Cell Line

Basophils and mast cells contain a peculiar class of inflammatory granules that discharge their content upon antigen-mediated crosslinking of IgE-membrane receptors. The pathways for granule biogenesis and exocytosis in these cells are still largely obscure. In this study we employed the rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)/mast cell line to verify the hypothesis that inflammatory granules share common bioactive molecules and functional properties with lysosomes. We demonstrate that inflammatory granules, as identified by the monoclonal 5G10 antibody (which recognises an integral membrane protein) or by Toluidine Blue staining, have an intralumenal acidic pH, possess lysosomal enzymes and are accessible by fluid-phase and membrane endocytosis markers. In addition, we studied the targeting, subcellular localisation and regulated secretion of the lysosomal aspartic protease cathepsin D (CD) as affected by IgE receptor stimulation in order to obtain information on the pathways for granule biogenesis and exocytosis. Stimulation with DNP-BSA of specific IgE-primed RBL cells led to a prompt release of processed forms of CD, along with other mature lysosomal hydrolases. This release could be prevented by addition of EGTA, indicating that it was dependent on extracellular calcium influx. Antigen stimulation also induced exocytosis of immature CD forms accumulated by ammonium chloride, suggesting the existence of an intermediate station in the pathway for granule biogenesis still sensitive to regulated exocytosis. The targeting of molecules to secretory granules may occur via either a mannose-6-phosphate-dependent or mannose-6-phosphate-independent pathway. We conclude that endosomes and lysosomes in basophils/mast cells can act as regulated secretory granules or actually identify with them.

scholarly journals Analysis of the presence and location of mast cells in periapical cysts and periapical granulomas

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Filipe de Carvalho NOGUEIRA ◽  
Elder Gyress Feitosa FARIAS ◽  
Luciano Barreto SILVA ◽  
Alexandrino Pereira dos SANTOS NETO ◽  
Emanuel Sávio de Souza ANDRADE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periapical Granuloma ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Periapical Cyst ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to locate mast cells in chronic periapical lesions (granulomas and cysts) by using histochemical techniques and toluidine blue staining. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective research was performed. The sample was obtained from histopathological reports in the archives of the laboratory of surgical pathology of the University of Pernambuco between November 2014 and May 2015. Results: Sixteen cases of granuloma and 21 cases of periapical cysts were selected. The stained slides were analyzed by two examiners at different times, in a double-blind study. Mast cells were found in 13 (61.9%) of the periapical cyst cases, located in the capsule of the lesion. In the periapical granuloma cases, mast cells were found in eight cases (50%), located in the granulation tissue. Conclusion: Mast cells were detected in both cysts and periapical granuloma, located in the capsule and granulation tissue, respectively. Mast cells were more prevalent in periapical cysts than in periapical granuloma.

scholarly journals Structural insights into secretory immunoglobulin A and its interaction with a pneumococcal adhesin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Guopeng Wang ◽  
Yaxin Li ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
Huarui Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Secretory Component ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Immunoglobulin Receptor ◽  
J Chain ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Insights ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

AbstractSecretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the most abundant antibody at the mucosal surface. SIgA possesses two additional subunits besides IgA: the joining chain (J-chain) and secretory component (SC). SC is the ectodomain of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which functions to transport IgA to the mucosa. The underlying mechanism of how the J-chain and pIgR/SC facilitates the assembly and secretion of SIgA remains to be understood. During the infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pneumococcal adhesin SpsA hijacks SIgA and unliganded pIgR/SC to evade host defense and gain entry to human cells. How SpsA specifically targets SIgA and pIgR/SC also remains unclear. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Fc region of human IgA1 (Fcα) in complex with J-chain and SC (Fcα-J-SC), which reveals the organization principle of SIgA. We also present the structure of Fcα-J-SC in complex with SpsA, which uncovers the specific interaction between SpsA and human pIgR/SC. These results advance the molecular understanding of SIgA and shed light on the pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae.

Carnosine immunohistochemistry in human olfactory mucosa

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. S97
Author(s):  
Masao Sakai ◽  
Makoto Ashihara ◽  
Tadao Nishimura ◽  
Ikuko Nagatsu
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Human Olfactory Mucosa

OBTAINING OF CELLULAR PREPARATIONS OF RAT AND HUMAN OLFACTORY MUCOSA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE SIZE OF MODELED SPINAL CORD CYSTALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
O.V. Stepanova ◽  
E.K. Karsuntseva ◽  
G.A. Fursa ◽  
A.V. Chadin ◽  
M.P. Valikhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
Human Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Enriched Cultures

Enriched cultures of olfactory ensheathing cells and neural stem/progenitor cells were obtained according to our developed protocols from the olfactory mucosa of rat and human. It has been shown that only transplantation of human and rat olfactory ensheathing cells leads to a significant decrease in the size of cysts, as well as their complete disappearance in some animals.

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