A Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Study on Drug Treatment Awareness in Schizophrenia Patients and Caregivers: An Unexplored Avenue

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with high relapse rates, and medication nonadherence is a major factor contributing toward relapse. Since medication adherence and treatment awareness are linked, an alarming need was felt to evaluate the level of drug treatment awareness in patients who have schizophrenia. Besides, patients who have schizophrenia are often dependent on their caregivers for medications. Hence, the current study was also designed to look into drug treatment awareness among caregivers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia as per The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition were included, provided they had good insight and had been prescribed medications at the study center for at least three months. Caregivers were included using the Pollak and Perlick criteria. The sociodemographic profile of the patients and caregivers was recorded, and further assessment for treatment awareness was done using the prevalidated Drug Treatment Awareness Questionnaire (DTAQ). Results: A total of 166 patients and 157 caregivers were enrolled. Mean drug awareness scores among patients and caregivers did not show statistically significant differences (P= 0.22). Mean ± SD DTAQ awareness scores in patients and caregivers were 12.57 ± 1.81 and 12.84 ± 1.91, respectively. The majority of patients and caregivers (> 90%) possessed awareness in domains related to past medication records and in that of re-visit/re-contact instructions. Awareness was least commonly seen in relation to side effects of medications and details of the prescribed medications, where only about 50% of patients and caregivers possessed awareness. No clinically significant correlation was found between sociodemographic factors and drug treatment awareness scores. Conclusion: Drug treatment awareness in patients and caregivers was comparable and was not reliant on the sociodemographic factors. Special interventions should be conducted to raise drug treatment awareness among patients having insight and their caregivers.

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Prevalence of Premenstrial Disphoric Disorder Associated Factors among Students of Tabor Secondary and Preparatory School in Hawassa City, Ethiopia Cross Sectional

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35797/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mulugeta Gobena Tadesse ◽

Dereje Dirago Dire ◽

Yacob Yacob Abraham

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽

Emotional Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preparatory School ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

History Of ◽

Menstruating Women

Abstract Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)-is a severe and disabling form of premenstrual Syndrome affecting 3-8% of menstruating women. The disorder consists of a cluster of affective, behavioral and somatic symptoms that recur monthly during the luteal phase the menstrual cycle. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) was added to the list of depressive disorders in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders in 2013. The exact pathogenesis of the disorder is still unclear.Objective: To assess the prevalence of PMDD and its associated factors among students of Hawassa tabor secondary and preparatory school.Method: A cross sectional institutional based was conducted among 351 randomly selected female students of Hawassa tabor school. Data was collected by three students were facilitate the works with closed ended structured questionnaire and they was trained on how to collect the data. The collected data was entered, analyzed and cleaned by SPS.Results: prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in this study was 76.9%. Of each symptom is more than ninety present or 324 (92.3%) respondents can’t have experience unpleasant physical or emotional symptoms peculiar to the five days before the onset of menses & 27(7.7%) participants have show the symptoms. Among those 26 (7.4%) have present for the past ≥3 consecutive cycles. 46 (13.1%) have family history of such symptoms.Conclusions: These findings have implications for both women and medical providers, who should be aware that PMS symptoms are prevalent and often distressing, yet also understand that the severity of symptoms may remit over time.

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Body Dysmorphic Disorder

10.2310/psych.13079 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Christine Lochner ◽

Dan Stein ◽

Eileen Thomas

Keyword(s):

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Related Disorder ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Significant Impairment ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Underlying Pathophysiology ◽

Insight Into

Body dysmorphic disorder requires obsessional thoughts regarding a perceived defect in appearance and/or compulsive behavior that develop in response to those thoughts. Individuals experience clinically significant impairment because of their appearance concerns. Body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder have many similarities, including phenomenologic features, comorbidities, and underlying pathophysiology. Insight into the excessiveness or irrationality of their beliefs varies from good to delusional. Many individuals with body dysmorphic disorder present with comorbid suicidal ideation and substance use disorders. This review contains 1 table, and 30 references. Key words: body dysmorphic disorder, diagnostic and statistical manual, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

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Impact of coronavirus pandemic on mental health of children

Indian Journal of Child Health ◽

10.32677/ijch.v8i8.2989 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 273-276

Author(s):

Jyoti Bagla ◽

Mahima Rajan ◽

Ananya Maheshwari ◽

Sangeeta Chaudhry ◽

Anand Prakash Dubey

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Source ◽

New Delhi ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

The Government ◽

Source Of Information

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced the children to stay indoors and minimize social interaction that has impacted their mental health. Aim: This study aims to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, ESIC PGIMSR, Basaidarapur, New Delhi, in the month of June 2020. Parents of children aged 6–17 years were asked to answer a questionnaire comprising questions from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition scale and questions regarding COVID-19 pandemic which were structured by the authors. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 150 responses, 57% were boys and 43% were girls with mean age of 11.62±3.5 years. The most common source of information about the pandemic was a family member (80%). About 99.7% of children were worried about getting infected. Inattention was the most common psychiatric symptom (49%), followed by mania (29%), anxiety (23%), and depression (23%). Predisposition to substance abuse and suicidal thoughts was majorly observed in adolescents. Conclusion: The pandemic is definitely causing psychosocial impact on children. The government and community need to be aware of such effects so that they can be dealt well in time.

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Transvestic Disorder

The Paraphilias ◽

10.1093/med/9780190466329.003.0008 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 195-208

Author(s):

J. Paul Fedoroff

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Sexual Arousal ◽

Psychiatric Care ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Opposite Gender

Abstract: Transvestic disorder is defined as a condition in which there is persistent (at least 6 months), recurrent, and intense sexual arousal from wearing clothes associated with the opposite gender as evidenced by fantasies, urges, or behaviors. The condition causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The term “transvestism” is used in this chapter in recognition that most people with transvestic interests never seek or require psychiatric care. This chapter discusses the Fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic criteria for transvestic disorder, along with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The recent literature on these topics is reviewed.

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Overall Diagnostic Assessment of Mixed Episodes in Bipolar Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900004016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (S15) ◽

pp. 4-7

Author(s):

Joseph F. Goldberg

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Historical Data ◽

Mixed States ◽

Fourth Edition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Symptom Criteria ◽

A Current ◽

Patterns Of Recurrence

The diagnosis of bipolar disorder is made according to the fulfillment of symptom criteria as operationally defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. These criteria encompass both cross-sectional and historical data, along with pertinent corroborative features such as family history, chronobiological sensitivities, treatment outcomes, longitudinal course, and patterns of recurrence. In addition, one classifies a current illness state as involving pure mania, hypomania, a mixed episode, a depressed phase, or euthymia. Mixed states, as originally described by Kraepelin, were thought to represent transitional phenomena en route to the emergence of a frank manic or depressive episode. Today, however, mixed episodes are thought to comprise an important subgroup of syndromically ill individuals with bipolar disorder.

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Using life history calendars to improve measurement of lifetime experience with mental disorders

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719000394 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 515-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

William G. Axinn ◽

Stephanie Chardoul ◽

Heather Gatny ◽

Dirgha J. Ghimire ◽

Jordan W. Smoller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Retrospective Reports ◽

Lifetime Experience ◽

Improve Measurement ◽

Retrospective Reporting

AbstractBackgroundRetrospective reports of lifetime experience with mental disorders greatly underestimate the actual experiences of disorder because recall error biases reporting of earlier life symptoms downward. This fundamental obstacle to accurate reporting has many adverse consequences for the study and treatment of mental disorders. Better tools for accurate retrospective reporting of mental disorder symptoms have the potential for broad scientific benefits.MethodsWe designed a life history calendar (LHC) to support this task, and randomized more than 1000 individuals to each arm of a retrospective diagnostic interview with and without the LHC. We also conducted a careful validation with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition.ResultsResults demonstrate that—just as with frequent measurement longitudinal studies—use of an LHC in retrospective measurement can more than double reports of lifetime experience of some mental disorders.ConclusionsThe LHC significantly improves retrospective reporting of mental disorders. This tool is practical for application in both large cross-sectional surveys of the general population and clinical intake of new patients.

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Insight into schizophrenia: a comparative study between patients and family members

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802004000600004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 122 (6) ◽

pp. 246-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alexandre Duarte Gigante ◽

Saulo Castel

Keyword(s):

Family Members ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sociocultural Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Study Setting ◽

Insight Into ◽

De Medicina

CONTEXT: Despite the recognition of the role that sociocultural factors play in the process of acquiring insight, recent research on this issue is scarce. OBJECTIVES: 1) to translate and adapt the Schedule for Assessment of Insight (SAI) to Portuguese; 2) to use a modified version of it to evaluate family members' insight into schizophrenia; 3) to compare patients' insight with family members' insight. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Schizophrenia Project Outpatient Clinic (Projesq), Institute of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: 40 patients with schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition - DSM-IV) undergoing outpatient treatment and members of their respective families were interviewed using the SAI and a modified version of this instrument, respectively. RESULTS: Family members performed better than patients in the total and partial SAI scores [total: 13.0 to 8.75 (p < 0.001); adherence: 3.9 to 3.4 (p < 0.005); recognition of illness: 5.5 to 3.5 (p < 0.001); relabeling of psychotic phenomena: 3.6 to 1.9 (p < 0.001)]. However, when the scores were correlated for each patient-family member pair, the only partial score that had a negative correlation was the relabeling of psychotic phenomena (r = -0.14), while the others had positive correlations (total r = 0.401; adherence r = 0.410; recognition of illness r = 0.422). DISCUSSION: There was a lack of correlation between the scores of family members and patients regarding the ability to relabel psychotic phenomena as abnormal. This might be understood as a smaller influence of sociocultural factors in this dimension than in other dimensions. The fact that family members were not assessed for the presence of psychopathology is a limitation of this study. CONCLUSIONS: Different dimensions of insight are not equally influenced by disease and sociocultural factors. The recognition of illness is more strongly influenced by sociocultural factors than the ability to relabel psychotic phenomena as abnormal.

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Adolescent Problem Gaming and Loot Box Purchasing in Video Games: Cross-sectional Observational Study Using Population-Based Cohort Data (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23886 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Soichiro Ide ◽

Miharu Nakanishi ◽

Syudo Yamasaki ◽

Kazutaka Ikeda ◽

Shuntaro Ando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Problem Gambling ◽

Video Game ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Online Gaming ◽

Population Based ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Video Gamers

BACKGROUND Video game loot boxes, which can typically be purchased by players or are given as reward, contain random virtual items, or loot, ranging from simple customization options for a player's avatar or character, to game-changing equipment such as weapons and armor. Loot boxes have drawn concern, as purchasing loot boxes might lead to the development of problematic gambling for adolescents. Although parental problem gambling is associated with adolescent problem gambling, no studies have evaluated the prevalence of loot box purchases in adolescents’ parents. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between loot box purchasing among adolescents and parents, and problem online gaming in population-based samples. METHODS In total, 1615 adolescent (aged 14 years) gamers from Japan responded to a questionnaire regarding their loot box purchasing and problem online gaming behaviors. Problem online gaming was defined as four or more of the nine addictive behaviors from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The adolescents’ primary caregivers were asked about their loot box purchasing. RESULTS Of the 1615 participants, 57 (3.5%) reported loot box purchasing. This prevalence did not differ according to primary caregivers’ loot box purchasing, but adolescents who purchased loot boxes were significantly more likely to exhibit problem online gaming (odds ratio 3.75, 95% CI 2.17-6.48). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent loot box purchasing is linked to problem online gaming, but not with parents’ loot box purchasing. Measures to reduce these behaviors should target reducing addictive symptoms in young video gamers.

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Adolescent Problem Gaming and Loot Box Purchasing in Video Games: Cross-sectional Observational Study Using Population-Based Cohort Data

JMIR Serious Games ◽

10.2196/23886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e23886

Author(s):

Soichiro Ide ◽

Miharu Nakanishi ◽

Syudo Yamasaki ◽

Kazutaka Ikeda ◽

Shuntaro Ando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Problem Gambling ◽

Video Game ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Online Gaming ◽

Population Based ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Video Gamers

Background Video game loot boxes, which can typically be purchased by players or are given as reward, contain random virtual items, or loot, ranging from simple customization options for a player's avatar or character, to game-changing equipment such as weapons and armor. Loot boxes have drawn concern, as purchasing loot boxes might lead to the development of problematic gambling for adolescents. Although parental problem gambling is associated with adolescent problem gambling, no studies have evaluated the prevalence of loot box purchases in adolescents’ parents. Objective This study investigated the association between loot box purchasing among adolescents and parents, and problem online gaming in population-based samples. Methods In total, 1615 adolescent (aged 14 years) gamers from Japan responded to a questionnaire regarding their loot box purchasing and problem online gaming behaviors. Problem online gaming was defined as four or more of the nine addictive behaviors from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The adolescents’ primary caregivers were asked about their loot box purchasing. Results Of the 1615 participants, 57 (3.5%) reported loot box purchasing. This prevalence did not differ according to primary caregivers’ loot box purchasing, but adolescents who purchased loot boxes were significantly more likely to exhibit problem online gaming (odds ratio 3.75, 95% CI 2.17-6.48). Conclusions Adolescent loot box purchasing is linked to problem online gaming, but not with parents’ loot box purchasing. Measures to reduce these behaviors should target reducing addictive symptoms in young video gamers.

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Exploring the Interdisciplinary Roles of Dermatologists and Psychiatrists in the Management of Excoriation (Skin-picking) Disorder

University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine ◽

10.18192/uojm.v5i2.1392 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 50-54

Author(s):

Danielle Mintsoulis

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Mental Health Disorder ◽

Santé Mentale ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Troubles Mentaux ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Skin Picking Disorder ◽

Sante Mentale

ABSTRACT:Excoriation disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by excessive picking of one’s skin resulting in clinically significant functional impairment. Diagnosing this condition has been historically challenging due to the varied associated behaviours and lack of inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). As dermatologists and psychiatrists are the specialists most likely to encounter these individuals, this article discusses the new DSM-5 criteria and outlines the approaches and treatment options for these specialists to optimally manage patients with excoriation disorder.RÉSUMÉ:L’acné excoriée est un trouble de santé mentale caractérisé par le grattage et l’arrachage excessif de la peau qui mènent à une dysfonction clinique significative. Le diagnostic précis de cette condition demeure un défi lorsqu’on tient compte de la variété des comportements qui y sont associés et le manque d’inclusion des caractéristiques de ce problème de santé dans le DSM(Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux). Étant donné que les dermatologues et les psychiatres sont les spécialistes les plus susceptibles de traiter ces problèmes de santé mentale, cet article présente les nouveaux critères du DSM-5 et décrit les grandes lignes cliniques, les approches nécessaires et les options de traitement afin que ces spécialistes puissent intervenir auprès des patients avec l’acné excoriée de façon optimale.

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