scholarly journals In-between Solidity and Fluidity: The Reclaimed Marshlands of Agro Pontino

2021 ◽  
pp. 026327642110386
Author(s):  
Paolo Gruppuso
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Solid Form

During the 1930s the fascist government launched a programme for the reclamation of the Pontine Marshes, one of the largest forested wetlands in Italy. In less than a few years the muddy and uneven ground of the forest was transformed into flat land to be cultivated and into solid surface where three new towns were built. Hegemonic narratives describe the fascist reclamation as a process that imposed a solid form upon the raw materials of nature, thereby establishing an unbridgeable divide between nature and culture, natural and built environment. The article challenges this dualism, drawing on ethnographic and historical materials to explore spatial and temporal zones in-between fluidity and solidity. It suggests an approach in which fluidity and solidity are understood as patterns of social and ecological relations rather than mutually exclusive properties of matter, thus exposing the continuity between them.

scholarly journals Study Of Ecosystem Approach in New Towns Development in Botabek Area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parino Rahardjo ◽  
Emirhadi Suganda ◽  
Djoko Harono ◽  
Hadi Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
New City

Within the town, Abiotic is a built environment that includes buildings, roads, pedestrians, and other elements that interact with biotics, which are living things including plants, animals, and humans. From a landscape ecological perspective, the urban structure consists of (1) a matrix, which is a collection of dominant buildings and homogeneous elements, (2) Patches are grouped as housing, urban forests, parks, lakes, and finally (3) Corridors such as roads, rivers, and pedestrians. The dominance of watertight areas over green open spaces in urban development can lead to increased temperatures and runoff. The condition of the soil structure and the steep slope of the soil can cause landslides, therefore urban development must pay attention to the natural conditions of the area being built. This research was conducted in Kota Baru, Bogor, South Tangerang, and Cikarang (Bekasi Regency). The purpose of this study is to determine the natural environment and the built environment as well as changes in the ecosystem and their consequences for the new town and its surroundings. This research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. Analysis of land-use change uses spatial and temporal methods, while Nieuwolt's equation is used to measure comfort. This study finds comfortable environmental planning, with green open spaces such as urban forests, city parks, and bodies of water, such as lakes, as a space for interaction between fellow new city residents and people outside the new towns.

Petrography

2016 ◽  
pp. 232-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Degryse ◽  
Dennis Braekmans
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Fabric Analysis ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ceramic Petrography ◽  
Material Provenance

Petrography has developed into an indispensable tool for ceramic fabric analysis, specifically studying the mineralogical and textural composition of ceramic objects. Petrography is a technique commonly used in geology to describe and classify rocks. Ceramic petrography studies clay-based archaeological or historical materials. Using a polarizing light microscope (PLM) in ceramic studies, the different raw materials used to make a ceramic object can be identified, ranging from clays and other minerals to rock fragments and inorganic or organic temper. The technique moreover feeds into the study of raw material provenance and origin, and is able to discern the different technological procedures followed to make the ceramic object (from shaping to firing), next to providing clues on the function of the object. This information not only helps reconstruct trade and exchange of raw materials and ceramics, but aids in reconstructing society behind the pot.

Architecture of Apocalypse, City of Lights

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-162
Author(s):  
Marion Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
New Wave ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Post War ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

The inception of the New Wave coincided with a profound mutation of the French urban fabric: parts of historic city centers were razed in post-war modernisation schemes, while 'new towns' were planned outside major cities to relieve the pressure of population growth. This chapter analyses New Wave filmmakers' diverse engagement with architecture - old and new - and urban change in both fictional and documentary genres. Themes for discussion include New Wave directors' ambivalent representation of the new forms of architectural modernity that emerged in France in the 1950s and 60s; their interrogation of the living conditions on modern housing estates; and their examination of the relationship between the built environment, affect, and memory. The chapter also considers the movement's fascination with the tactile textures and surfaces of the city.

scholarly journals Production, characterization and mechanical properties of Solid form geopolymeric binder- via mechanochemical route using class-F fly ash.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH KUSHWAH ◽  
Manish Mudgal ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Chouhan ◽  
Avanish Kumar Srivast
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Precast Construction ◽  
Class F Fly Ash ◽  
Solid Form

Abstract Here, we developed Solid form geopolymeric binder, the reaction between aluminosilicate material and dry chemicals i.e. fly ash with sodium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate by ball milling for 6 hrs. to make in solid form.. Mechanochemical ball milling of raw material causes a solid-state reaction between raw materials and form solid form geopolymeric precursor which requires the addition of water to make Solid form geopolymeric binder. This geopolymer has been characterized by different characterizing techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDAX, and evaluated for compressive, flexure, and split tensile strength. In our results, we had achieved a compressive strength of 55.4 MPa, flexure strength of 5.38 MPa, and split tensile strength of 3.9 MPa after 28 days of testing. Solid form geopolymers have overcome the handling and hazards difficulties, which is associated with the conventional route. So now it is possible to use Solid form geopolymeric binder as general building construction and in-situ application for construction industry, which were limited to precast construction work by conventional geopolymer route.

Landscape Elements Analysis of Defensive Settlements along Ming Dynasty Great Wall with the Concept of Cultural Landscape

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2104-2109
Author(s):  
Xiang Ming Cao ◽  
Ran Quan
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Settlement Type ◽  
Heritage Protection ◽  
Great Wall

The movement of international cultural heritage protection experienced a history from single natural and cultural protection to the integration of nature and culture, at present, the concept of ''cultural landscape" become the hot topic of the cultural heritage research. Based on the cognition to the concept of "cultural landscape", This thesis analyses characteristics and connotation of the settlement-type cultural landscape, and quotes the concept used in the study of the built environment and its significance from Amos Rapoport. As a result, defensive settlements landscape along Ming dynasty Great Wall is divided into three forms: fixed-feature elements, Semi-fixed-feature elements, and the unfixed-feature elements. At the same time, this thesis elaborates the contents and characteristics of each of these three forms. It will make the value of the conservation of defensive settlements clear, and provides the basic research to the conservation for the future defensive settlements along Ming dynasty Great Wall.

scholarly journals Construction Waste as a Resource in a Sustainable Built Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (08) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik ◽  
Ljudmila Koprivec
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Key Factor

The built environment requires ever-increasing amounts of raw material resources and at the same time bears the responsibility for the resulting waste. Waste is generated throughout the life cycle. In the initial phases it is referred to as industrial waste, while during construction, reconstruction, and demolition it is called construction waste. Construction waste is most voluminous but it also has a great potential in circular economy that aims at the closed loop cycle where already used construction materials and components are recovered as raw materials. Sustainable building principles include four basic strategies, waste avoidance, construction materials and components re-use, continued use, and recycling. The possibility of construction waste treatment and its possible recovery in the building process depends on the type of prevailing materials that are contained in building elements as well as on detachability, separability and inseparability of structural joints and components. The architect plays a responsible role in decreasing the volume of construction waste as the conception of a building represents the key factor in sustainable construction waste management. Planning a construction with a good dismantling potential at the end of the building’s life cycle includes a number of factors such as the choice of building materials with a low environmental impact, the design of detachable composite materials and structures as well as the design of mono material structures. This article focuses on waste resulting from the built environment and discusses architectural concepts with a potential of reducing the volume of construction waste and its potential recovery as a construction resource.

Becoming Urban: New Zealand towns in the 1850s

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Ben Schrader
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Civic Architecture ◽  
New Towns ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Wide Domain ◽  
Density Development

During the 1850s the first inland towns were founded at Greytown and Masterton. They signalled a new direction in Pākehā settlement, a movement from coastal edge port "cities" to secondary towns in the (North Island) interior. It was from these centres that colonisation proceeded apace. These new towns followed the pattern of New Zealand urbanism established in the 1840s: low-density development with houses and buildings scattered over a wide domain. Could they then really be called towns? Architecturally, the built environment of all towns might be best described as utilitarian and frontier-like. But the decade is notable for the first expressions of a grander, civic architecture, best shown in the construction of public buildings, some of which are examined here. Were these New Zealand's first urban buildings?

scholarly journals Fostering Urban Sustainability through the Ecological Wisdom of Traditional Settlements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10033
Author(s):  
Naji Akbar ◽  
Ismaila Rimi Abubakar ◽  
Adel Saleh Bouregh
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts ◽  
Ecological Wisdom

Several African and Asian countries have embarked on building new towns to address urbanization challenges such as crowded cities, slums, and pressure on existing infrastructure. These projects have been criticized for being inadequate in fostering environmental sustainability. Based on a desk study, this article reviews the environmental sustainability challenges of these projects and recommends some ecologically embedded practices of traditional settlements that wonderfully survived for many centuries with little adverse social and environmental impacts yet offered opportunities for urbanism. The article discusses how the architecture, urban form, and green infrastructure of traditional settlements present excellent cases of ecological wisdom and embeddedness where the local ecosystems are respected, and every human activity, including the creation of the built environment, is defined by the ecological allowances, where resilience is part of the built environment at both micro and macro scales, and where humanity and nature are equal stakeholders living in unison. The article concludes that these instances of successful ecological embeddedness in traditional settlements can provide lessons for contemporary cities to ponder when envisioning more sustainable built environments for the present and future generations.

Determination of the Biobased Content in Plastics by Radiocarbon

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1834-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Quarta ◽  
Lucio Calcagnile ◽  
Massimo Giffoni ◽  
Eugenia Braione ◽  
Marisa D'Elia
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Polyester Resins ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Biobased Content ◽  
Calculation Procedures ◽  
Open Issues

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon analyses were performed on biobased unsaturated polyester resins in order to assess the potential of the method for the determination of the bio-fraction. Different resins were synthesized in the laboratory with different proportions of raw materials of biogenic origin, and analyzed both in the liquid and in the solid form. As a preliminary step of the study, both the biobased and the fossil-derived raw materials were analyzed in order to determine their 14C content. A comparison of the obtained results with the expected ones allowed us to investigate the potential of the 14C method in this field as well as to address some still open issues such as the levels of uncertainty and accuracy as related to the calculation procedures, the correction for isotopic fractionation, and the effect of the presence of volatile components in the analyzed materials.

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