Looking for Ariadne’s thread: A systematic review on party-group relations in the last 20 years

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572110303
Author(s):  
Marco Lisi ◽  
Rui Oliveira ◽  
João Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Organizational Linkages ◽  
Party Group

All too often, research on the relationship between political parties and interest groups has followed different paths. In a research field dominated by multiple and disconnected approaches, an overview of where we stand and what we know is pertinent. This study reviews and assesses the empirical evidence brought forward through a systematic analysis of 182 studies on the topic. We address three key questions. What are the analytical and theoretical perspectives employed in this scholarship? What is the focus of the research? What are the research strategies used to assess party-group relations? We answer these questions by analyzing an original, built-for-purpose dataset providing information on the analytical frameworks, research designs, and focus employed in recent studies. The analysis shows that this field of research has grown significantly over the last decade and that multiple research strategies have been employed, with a predominance of qualitative and case study approaches. The findings also suggest that different conceptualizations of party-group relations have been adopted, while the American literature tends to adopt a distinct theoretical perspective from European studies. Finally, the analytical focus has privileged economic organizations, but it has moved progressively away from the study of organizational linkages.

Family Theoretical Perspectives and Implications for Nursing Practice

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. McShane
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Family

Health care professionals have focused for the most part on individuals within families as they provide care in acute care settings. The lack of a theoretical perspective to permit observing the family as a unit with interacting parts has contributed to this practice. This article presents an overview of trends and of four theoretical frameworks that have contributed to family practice and research, both for other disciplines and for nursing. Symbolic interactionism, systems, developmental, and social exchange theories are promising frameworks for considering family relationships now and into the future. The purpose, major concepts, and implications for nursing practice of each theory are presented

Research Approaches in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharrenos Bratitsis ◽  
Stavros Demetriadis
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Online Distance Education ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
How People Learn ◽  
Online Distance ◽  
New Research

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is concerned with how people learn when working and interacting in groups with the assistance of ICTs. The field involves collaboration, computer mediation, online – distance education which raises interesting theoretical considerations regarding the actual studying of learning within CSCL settings. Being a rather interdisciplinary research field in nature, it has a long history of controversy about its theory, methods, and definition. In this editorial, through a quick review of the literature the diversity of issues examined under the CSCL research field becomes obvious. Moreover, an attempt to categorize these research issues is made. In this vein, the four interesting contributions of this Special Issue, regarding theoretical perspectives and issues of research of the field, are introduced. They comply with the distinguished categories, but they open new research borders as well.

scholarly journals A integração de recursos digitais em práticas de ensino e aprendizagem – uma perspectiva teórica apresentada no grupo WG4 durante a Conferência Internacional Re(s) sources 2018 – Lyon, FrançaThe integration of digital resources into teaching and learning practices – a theoretical perspective presented in the WG4 group during Conference International Re(s)sources 2018 - Lyon, French

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Dos Santos Christo ◽  
Sonia Barbosa Camargo Igliori
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Instrumental Genesis ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Teachers And Students

Este pôster apresenta a contribuição do Grupo de Trabalho 4 (WG 4): Transições para recursos digitais: mudança, invariância e orquestração, na conferência internacional Re(s)sources 2018 Conference - Compreendendo o Trabalho dos Professores Por Meio de Suas Interações Com Recursos para o Ensino - realizada entre os dias 28 e 30 de maio no Instituto Francês de Educação em Lyon, França. A apresentação, discussão e o trabalho coletivo desse grupo abordaram tópicos específicos relacionados com recursos digitais que se tornaram parte importante dos sistemas de recursos dos professores e alunos. A integração de recursos digitais em práticas de ensino e aprendizagem levanta muitas questões para professores e educadores. O Grupo de Trabalho WG4 buscou responder essas questões a partir de perspectivas teóricas, incluindo gênese instrumental, orquestração instrumental e gênese documental. Para esse pôster focamos as contribuições que o Grupo de Trabalho 4 (WG4), no qual os autores deste pôster estiveram participando das discussões sobre as pesquisas apresentadas referentes aos conceitos de recurso e documento na Gênese Documental de Gueudet e Trouche.ResumenEste post presenta la contribución del Grupo de Trabajo 4 (WG4): Transiciones a recursos digitales: cambio, invariancia y orquestación, en la conferencia internacional Re(s)sources 2018 Conference - Entendiendo el trabajo de los profesores por medio de sus interacciones con recursos la Enseñanza - realizada entre los días 28 y 30 de mayo en el Instituto Francés de Educación en Lyon, Francia. La presentación, discusión y el trabajo colectivo de este grupo abordaron temas específicos relacionados con recursos digitales que se convirtieron en parte importante de los sistemas de recursos de los profesores y alumnos. La integración de recursos digitales en prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje plantea muchas cuestiones para profesores y educadores. El Grupo de Trabajo WG4 buscó responder estas cuestiones a partir de perspectivas teóricas, incluyendo génesis instrumental, orquestación instrumental y génesis documental. Para este póster enfocamos las contribuciones que el Grupo de Trabajo 4 (GT4), en el cual los autores de este póster estuvieron participando en las discusiones sobre las investigaciones presentadas referentes a los conceptos de recurso y documento en el Génesis Documental de Gueudet y Trouche.Résumé Cette affiche présente la contribution du Groupe de travail 4 (WG4): Transitions aux ressources numériques: changement, invariance et orchestration, à la conférence internationale Re(s)sources Conférence 2018 - Comprendre le travail des enseignants à travers leurs interactions avec les ressources pour o Enseignement - tenu entre le 28 et le 30 mai à l'Institut Français de l'Education à Lyon, France. La présentation, la discussion et le travail collectif de ce groupe ont porté sur des sujets spécifiques liés aux ressources numériques qui sont devenues une partie importante des systèmes de ressources des enseignants et des étudiants. L'intégration des ressources numériques dans les pratiques d'enseignement et d'apprentissage soulève de nombreuses questions pour les enseignants et les éducateurs. Le groupe de travail WG4 a cherché à répondre à ces questions à partir de perspectives théoriques, y compris la genèse instrumentale, l'orchestration instrumentale et la genèse documentaire. Pour cette affiche, nous mettons l'accent sur les contributions du Groupe de Travail 4 (WG4), dans lequel les auteurs de cette affiche participaient aux discussions sur les recherches présentées sur les concepts de ressource et de document dans la Genèse documentaire de Gueudet et Trouche. AbstractThis poster presents the contribution of Working Group 4 (WG4): Transitions to digital resources: change, invariance and orchestration, at the international conference Re(s)sources 2018 Conference - Understanding Teachers' Work Through Their Interactions with Resources for o Teaching - held between the 28th and 30th of May at the French Institute of Education in Lyon, France. The presentation, discussion and collective work of this group addressed specific topics related to digital resources that have become an important part of the resource systems of teachers and students. The integration of digital resources into teaching and learning practices raises many questions for teachers and educators. The Working Group WG4 sought to answer these questions from theoretical perspectives, including instrumental genesis, instrumental orchestration and documentary genesis. For this poster, we focus on the contributions of Working Group 4 (WG4), in which the authors of this poster were participating in the discussions on the researches presented regarding the concepts of resource and document in the Documentary Genesis of Gueudet and Trouche.

scholarly journals An optimized LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomics workflow for multi-matrices investigations in the three-spined stickleback

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260354
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Lebeau-Roche ◽  
Gaëlle Daniele ◽  
Aurélie Fildier ◽  
Cyril Turies ◽  
Odile Dedourge-Geffard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Fish Model ◽  
Ionization Mode

Environmental metabolomics has become a growing research field to understand biological and biochemical perturbations of organisms in response to various abiotic or biotic stresses. It focuses on the comprehensive and systematic analysis of a biologic system’s metabolome. This allows the recognition of biochemical pathways impacted by a stressor, and the identification of some metabolites as biomarkers of potential perturbations occurring in a body. In this work, we describe the development and optimization of a complete reliable methodology based on liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for untargeted metabolomics studies within a fish model species, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We evaluated the differences and also the complementarities between four different matrices (brain, gills, liver and whole fish) to obtain metabolome information. To this end, we optimized and compared sample preparation and the analytical method, since the type and number of metabolites detected in any matrix are closely related to these latter. For the sample preparation, a solid-liquid extraction was performed on a low quantity of whole fish, liver, brain, or gills tissues using combinations of methanol/water/heptane. Based on the numbers of features observed in LC-HRMS and on the responses of analytical standards representative of different metabolites groups (amino acids, sugars…), we discuss the influence of the nature, volume, and ratio of extraction solvents, the sample weight, and the reconstitution solvent. Moreover, the analytical conditions (LC columns, pH and additive of mobile phases and ionization modes) were also optimized so as to ensure the maximum metabolome coverages. Thus, two complementary chromatographic procedures were combined in order to cover a broader range of metabolites: a reversed phase separation (RPLC) on a C18 column followed by detection with positive ionization mode (ESI+) and a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) on a zwitterionic column followed by detection with negative ionization mode (ESI-). This work provides information on brain, gills, liver, vs the whole body contribution to the stickleback metabolome. These information would help to guide ecotoxicological and biomonitoring studies.

Do my eyes deceive me?: “Acts of Sight” in Naomi Iizuka’s Polaroid Stories, Concerning Strange Devices From the Distant West, War of the Worlds, and Good Kids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Carrie Winship
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Concrete Element ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Linguistic Strategies ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Material Bodies ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Do My Eyes Deceive Me?: Acts of Sight in Naomi Iizuka's Polaroid Stories, Concerning Strange Devices from the Distant West, War of the Worlds, and Good Kids explores the postdramatic and open aesthetic of contemporary playwright, Naomi Iizuka. Through critical and close reading, I identify and analyze Naomi Iizuka's repeated staging of "acts of sight" as a dramaturgical device in four of her plays and examine these stagings within the context of Iizuka's broader interest in writing plays that dismantle essentialist concepts of identity and authenticity. I define “acts of sight” as moments in Iizuka's narratives that call attention to the process of witness in her dramatic textsâ€"through the reference and use of visual media, direct discussion or theatricalization of sight as a physiological and cultural experience, or a number of discursive and linguistic strategies that focus on the editorializing nature of vision, observation, and sight. The plays explored in this study utilize “acts of sight” which explicitly and visually demonstrate a postmodern theoretical perspective that rejects concepts of being (where entities are defined by their static categorizations) and argue instead for concepts of becoming (where material bodies are in a constant state of flux and movement). Through the stagings of these “acts of sight,” Naomi Iizuka invites audiences to deconstruct commonly accepted concepts of identity, which are rooted in essentialist philosophies, as her formal techniques challenge assumptions of identity as a fixed, binary, or concrete element of one’s life. I argue that this particular dramaturgical device makes each of these plays worthy of consideration as embodied theoretical perspectives and texts that demonstrate Iizuka’s significance as an architect of anti-essentialist theory and artistry.

Part I The General Part, 2 Comparative and Theoretical Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
McMeel Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Subjective Theory ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
General Part ◽  
Admissible Evidence

This chapter first considers civil law jurisdictions and various international legal instruments and their approach to the construction of contracts. In particular, the chapter focuses on the objective/subjective debate and the admissible evidence. It then looks at the international restatements of contract law, which are committed to a subjective theory of contract, such as is found in civil law countries. Next, the chapter considers a more theoretical perspective in the topic of contractual interpretation, and introduces the relevant literature to that effect. Such wider perspectives have been a source of recent developments—and may continue to be the source of future developments—in this field.

Clinical Supervision in Child Protection Practice: A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
pp. 152483801987569 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Karpetis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Supervision Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supervision Outcomes

Aiming to identify the mechanisms generating positive clinical supervision outcomes in child protection, this narrative review provides an in-depth analysis of the theories underpinning clinical supervision in the latest child protection literature. The conceptual analysis of 28 peer-reviewed journal articles highlighted the presence of the psychodynamic, managerialist, critical, behavioral, systemic, humanistic, and eclectic theoretical perspectives. Implicit theoretical eclecticism permeated most of the publications examined. This eclecticism resulted in confusing child protection practices as different theories require different practice techniques and result in different practice outcomes. The study found that half of the publications exclusively adopted the critical and managerialist theoretical perspectives that undervalue the impact of internal factors in the behaviors of families and practitioners. Despite the fact that all the publications acknowledged the centrality of emotions in supervision, only the psychodynamic theoretical perspective elaborated on the precise process through which emotions are conceptualized in clinical supervision. Because most of the publications neither identified the operationalization process nor evaluated any clinical supervision outcomes, questions arise about the theoretical robustness and essentially the effectiveness of child protection practice itself. Therefore, a need emerges for case studies to explore the process through which theory-bound clinical supervision practices generate effective child protection outcomes.

Convergence or Divergence? Do Parties and Outside Groups Spend on the Same Candidates, and Does It Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Kolodny ◽  
Diana Dwyre
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Campaign Spending ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Party Group

There is a good deal of discussion currently among political scientists about the nature of political parties and the impacts of changing party–group relations. Are so-called outside groups promoting extreme candidates and, thus, contributing to polarization? Or perhaps, party-allied groups follow the party’s lead and support the same candidates the party supports. We view parties as extended party networks (EPNs) and examine the campaign spending practices of formal party organizations (the House congressional campaign committees) and some of the groups that are seen as allied with each party and some we expect to be outside each party’s network. We analyze the levels of congruence and divergence in party and group spending in the 2014 House elections. We find that most nonparty groups support the same candidates favored by the party with which they most identify, and very few are outside each party’s EPN-supporting candidates who are challenging the party’s picks.

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