To Have and to Hold: Gender Regimes and Property Rights in the Romanian Principalities before World War I

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-628
Author(s):  
Maria Bucur
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
Religious Dogma ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article focuses on the gendered aspects of the institutional framework surrounding the protection, control over, and transfer of property before 1914 in the area that became Romania in the twentieth century, from inheritance to marriage divorce, dowry, and widowhood. During the period covered here, these territories were part of several distinctive administrative regimes—the Habsburg Empire, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire—that also treated property ownership and transfer in various ways. Therefore, my analysis is comparative and offers insights into broader major historical questions, such as the relationship between religious dogma and secular law; the impact of ecclesiastical courts in relation to lay institutions in administering law and preserving property rights; and the impact of such institutions in enforcing specific gender norms.

Tram, mobilitŕ e crescita urbana in Spagna, 1900-1936

STORIA URBANA ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
Banales José Luis Onyňn
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
World War ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Urban Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

- The article focuses on the relationship between tramway networks and urban structure in Spain during the period 1900-1936. It states that this relationship should be studied after considering the use of transport and the mobility patterns of different classes, specially the working class. Once these factors have been studied it is possible to assert the impact of the tramway netmark on urban growth. The impact of the tramways on major Spanish cities did not take the form of a transport revolution that would radically changed the urban pattern. Tramways did not direct urban growth until use of tramway lines by the working class became general. This did not happen until World War I. Since then, skilled and some unskilled workers did change their mobility patterns and tramway use experienced a cycle of growth that continued until the late 1950s.

Plague, Policy and Popular Unrest in British India

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Klein
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
British India ◽  
World War ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
White Plague ◽  
High Death ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The dark and fatal passage of plague across the Indian sub-continent in the early twentieth-century, and the inability of Western medicine quickly to halt its incursions symptomized disharmonies in the relationship between modernization and Indian society and ecology. The impact of economic development and environmental change on Indian mortality has been examined elsewhere, but the result was the perpetuation or increase of high death-rates from a multiplicity of diseases through the end of World War I. In the half-century 1872-1921 annual mortality ranged between 40 and 50 per thousand, more than twice the death-rates of the advanced West, and life expectancy fell from about 25 to 20 years. The Indian experience was not unique. Epidemics of cholera and the ‘white plague’ of tuberculosis in the industrializing West, and the ordeal of mortality in the colonial Philippines also illustrated how development activities induced social and environmental disruptions and sustained or promoted high death-rates.

Great Power Rising

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Early Career ◽  
World War ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This book examines the relationship between domestic politics and Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy. It argues that, in spite of the complicated nature of the US system, with its overlapping powers, intense partisanship, and continuous scrutiny from the media and public, Roosevelt mostly succeeded in implementing his agenda. In the process, it contends, he played a crucial role in the nation’s rise to world power. The book places particular emphasis on four factors: Roosevelt’s compelling vision for national greatness, political skill, faith in the people and the US system, and emphasis on presidential leadership. It finds that public sentiment was not isolationist, as some historians have argued, but was willing to support all of TR’s major objectives. Roosevelt’s feel for the national mood was also crucial, as was his willingness to compromise or change his views when necessary. Topics covered by the book include Roosevelt’s early career in politics; relations with great powers such as Britain, Germany, and Japan; the Monroe Doctrine, the Roosevelt Corollary, and Latin America; the impact of immigration from China and Japan; and World War I.

Who Are These Belligerent Democratizers? Reassessing the Impact of Democratization on War

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Narang ◽  
Rebecca M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
World War ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Transitions To Democracy ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn a key finding in the democratic peace literature, Mansfield and Snyder argue that states with weak institutions undergoing incomplete transitions to democracy are more likely to initiate an external war than other types of states. We show that the empirical data do not support this claim. We find a dearth of observations where incomplete democratizers with weak institutions participated in war. Additionally, we find that the statistical relationship between incomplete democratization and war is entirely dependent on the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire prior to World War I. We also find that the case selection in Mansfield and Snyder rarely involved incomplete democratizers with weak institutions. We therefore conclude that the finding that incomplete democratizers with weak institutions are more likely to initiate or participate in war is not supported by the empirical data.

scholarly journals Ljubljana’s Concert Life and the Perception of Music During the First World War: Between Art and Patriotism

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-80
Author(s):  
Nataša Cigoj Krstulović
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
Concert Life

The article deals with the organisational, repertoire and reception aspects of Ljubljana’s concert life during World War I. The relationship between the artistic and propagandistic functions of music is reflected in the share of first performances, as well as in the impact that new occasional compositions had on the audiences. In the last wartime concert season of 1917/18, during the time of fateful political changes both the nationality of visiting artists and the repertoire also symptomatically reveal a stronger cultural-propaganda role of music.

Against Massacre

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Rodogno
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
State Action ◽  
Humanitarian Interventions ◽  
Political Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mixed Motives

This book looks at the rise of humanitarian intervention in the nineteenth century, from the fall of Napoleon to World War I. Examining the concept from a historical perspective, the book explores the understudied cases of European interventions and noninterventions in the Ottoman Empire and brings a new view to this international practice for the contemporary era. While it is commonly believed that humanitarian interventions are a fairly recent development, the book demonstrates that almost two centuries ago an international community, under the aegis of certain European powers, claimed a moral and political right to intervene in other states' affairs to save strangers from massacre, atrocity, or extermination. On some occasions, these powers acted to protect fellow Christians when allegedly “uncivilized” states, like the Ottoman Empire, violated a “right to life.” Exploring the political, legal, and moral status, as well as European perceptions, of the Ottoman Empire, the book investigates the reasons that were put forward to exclude the Ottomans from the so-called Family of Nations. It considers the claims and mixed motives of intervening states for aiding humanity, the relationship between public outcry and state action or inaction, and the bias and selectiveness of governments and campaigners. An original account of humanitarian interventions some two centuries ago, the book investigates the varied consequences of European involvement in the Ottoman Empire and the lessons that can be learned for similar actions today.

The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Gingeras
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

This chapter deals with the impact and legacy of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization upon the final years of the Ottoman Empire. Two critical themes are at the center of this study. First, it deals with the ways in which the VMRO (as the group is most commonly termed) was perceived as a representation of terrorism and culture in Ottoman Macedonia by both foreign and native sources. Second, it surveys the Ottoman state’s development of a counterinsurgency strategy to counter the likes of the VMRO and the long-term influence this program had upon the final years of the empire itself. In this later regard, the chapter traces the origins of the Ottoman “çete” (or paramilitary culture) of the Committee for Union and Progress (CUP) to the establishment Special Organization (Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa) during the World War I.

War of words: the impact of Russian state television on the Russian Internet

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cottiero ◽  
Katherine Kucharski ◽  
Evgenia Olimpieva ◽  
Robert W. Orttung
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
World War ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

How effective is Russian state television in framing the conflict in Ukraine that began with the Euromaidan protests and what is its impact on Russian Internet users? We carried out a content analysis of Dmitrii Kiselev's “News of the Week” show, which allowed us to identify the two key frames he used to explain the conflict – World War II-era fascism and anti-Americanism. Since Kiselev often reduces these frames to buzzwords, we were able to track the impact of these words on Internet users by examining search query histories on Yandex and Google and by developing quantitative data to complement our qualitative analysis. Our findings show that much of what state media produces is not effective, but that the “fascist” and anti-American frames have had lasting impacts on Russian Internet users. We argue that it does not make sense to speak of competition between a “television party” and an “Internet party” in Russia since state television has a strong impact in setting the agenda for the Internet and society as a whole. Ultimately, the relationship between television and the Internet in Russia is a continual loop, with each affecting the other.

The Great War of the Postcards

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-568
Author(s):  
Johann Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Book Illustrations ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Great War

This article examines the functions and the significance of picture postcards during World War I, with particular reference to the war in the Ottoman Lands and the Balkans, or involving the Turkish Army in Galicia. After the principal types of Kriegspostkarten – sentimental, humorous, propaganda, and artistic postcards (Künstlerpostkarten) – have been presented, the different theatres of war (Balkans, Galicia, Middle East) and their characteristic features as they are reflected on postcards are dealt with. The piece also includes aspects such as the influence of Orientalism, the problem of fake views, and the significance and the impact of photographic postcards, portraits, and photo cards. The role of postcards in book illustrations is demonstrated using a typical example (F. C. Endres, Die Türkei (1916)). The specific features of a collection of postcards left by a German soldier who served in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq during World War I will be presented at the end of this article.

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