Leukoreduction in ex vivo perfusion circuits: comparison of leukocyte depletion efficiency with leukocyte filters

Perfusion ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
Vahe Fahradyan ◽  
Michael J Annunziata ◽  
Sayf Said ◽  
Maya Rao ◽  
Hirsh Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Ex Vivo Perfusion ◽  
Filter Group

Background: Leukodepletion of whole blood-based perfusates remains a challenge in experimental models of ex vivo perfusion. This study investigated the leukoreduction efficacy of the commonly used LeukoGuard LG Arterial and BC2 Cardioplegia filters. Methods: Eleven liters of washed porcine blood was used to evaluate the filtration efficiency of LG (n = 6) and BC2 (n = 5) filters. Filter efficacy was tested by passing 1 L of washed blood through each filter. Complete blood count was performed to detect a reduction of white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin concentration. Results: The BC2 Cardioplegia filter showed a significant reduction in white blood cell count (13.16 ± 4.2 × 103 cells/μL pre-filtration, 0.62 ± 0.61 cells/μL post-filtration, p = 0.005), red blood cell count (9.18 ± 0.16 × 106 cells/μL pre-filtration, 9.02 ± 0.16 × 106 cells/μL post-filtration, p = 0.012) and hemoglobin concentration (15.89 ± 0.66 g/dL pre-filtration, 15.67 ± 0.83 g/dL post-filtration, p = 0.017). Platelet reduction in the LG filter group was statistically significant (13.23 ± 13.98 × 103 cells/μL pre-filtration, 7.15 ± 3.31 × 103 cells/μL post-filtration, p = 0.029), but no difference was seen in the BC2 group. There was no significant difference in white blood cell count in the LG filter group (10.12 ± 3.0 × 103 cells/μL pre-filtration, 10.32 ± 2.44 × 103 cells/μL post-filtration, p = 0.861). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the LG filter should not be used in ex vivo perfusion circuits for the purpose of leukodepletion. The BC2 filter can be used in EVP circuits with flow rates of less than 350 mL/min. Alternatively, perfusate may be leukodepleted before perfusion.

scholarly journals White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Yitang Sun ◽  
Jingqi Zhou ◽  
Kaixiong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Blood Cell Count

Increasing evidence shows that white blood cells are associated with the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the direction and causality of this association are not clear. To evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and the COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, we conducted two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses with summary statistics from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies. Our MR results indicated causal protective effects of higher basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count on severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation increment of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73–0.98), respectively. Neither COVID-19 severity nor susceptibility was associated with white blood cell traits in our reverse MR results. Genetically predicted high basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count are associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19. Individuals with a lower genetic capacity for basophils are likely at risk, while enhancing the production of basophils may be an effective therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals White blood cells and severe COVID-19: a Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitang Sun ◽  
Jingqi Zhou ◽  
Kaixiong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Granulocyte Count

AbstractBackgroundThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly emerged to seriously threaten public health. We aimed to investigate whether white blood cell traits have potential causal effects on severe COVID-19 using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsTo evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and severe COVID-19, we conducted a two-sample MR analysis with summary statistics from recent large genome-wide association studies.ResultsOur MR results indicated potential causal associations of white blood cell count, myeloid white blood cell count, and granulocyte count with severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72-0.98), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70-0.94), and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71-0.99), respectively. Increasing eosinophil percentage of white blood cells was associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19 (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.45).ConclusionsOur results suggest the potential causal effects of lower white blood cell count, lower myeloid white blood cell count, lower granulocyte count, and higher eosinophil percentage of white blood cells on an increased risk of severe COVID-19.

scholarly journals Analysis of Platelet-Rich Plasma Extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596711667527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Fitzpatrick ◽  
Max K. Bulsara ◽  
Paul Robert McCrory ◽  
Martin D. Richardson ◽  
Ming Hao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
High Concentrations

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been extensively used as a treatment in tissue healing in tendinopathy, muscle injury, and osteoarthritis. However, there is variation in methods of extraction, and this produces different types of PRP. Purpose: To determine the composition of PRP obtained from 4 commercial separation kits, which would allow assessment of current classification systems used in cross-study comparisons. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Three normal adults each donated 181 mL of whole blood, some of which served as a control and the remainder of which was processed through 4 PRP separation kits: GPS III (Biomet Biologics), Smart-Prep2 (Harvest Terumo), Magellan (Arteriocyte Medical Systems), and ACP (Device Technologies). The resultant PRP was tested for platelet count, red blood cell count, and white blood cell count, including differential in a commercial pathology laboratory. Glucose and pH measurements were obtained from a blood gas autoanalyzer machine. Results: Three kits taking samples from the “buffy coat layer” were found to have greater concentrations of platelets (3-6 times baseline), while 1 kit taking samples from plasma was found to have platelet concentrations of only 1.5 times baseline. The same 3 kits produced an increased concentration of white blood cells (3-6 times baseline); these consisted of neutrophils, leukocytes, and monocytes. This represents high concentrations of platelets and white blood cells. A small drop in pH was thought to relate to the citrate used in the sample preparation. Interestingly, an unexpected increase in glucose concentrations, with 3 to 6 times greater than baseline levels, was found in all samples. Conclusion: This study reveals the variation of blood components, including platelets, red blood cells, leukocytes, pH, and glucose in PRP extractions. The high concentrations of cells are important, as the white blood cell count in PRP samples has frequently been ignored, being considered insignificant. The lack of standardization of PRP preparation for clinical use has contributed at least in part to the varying clinical efficacy in PRP use. Clinical Relevance: The variation of platelet and other blood component concentrations between commercial PRP kits may affect clinical treatment outcomes. There is a need for standardization of PRP for clinical use.

scholarly journals Telomere shortening in peripheral blood cells was related with aging but not with white blood cell count

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroe Satoh ◽  
Keiko Hiyama ◽  
Masahiro Takeda ◽  
Yukikazu Awaya ◽  
Kenichiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Telomere Shortening

Identifying Top Predictors of Change in Noncalcified Coronary Burden in Psoriasis by Machine Learning Over 1-Year

2021 ◽  
pp. 247553032110007
Author(s):  
Eric Munger ◽  
Amit K. Dey ◽  
Justin Rodante ◽  
Martin P. Playford ◽  
Alexander V. Sorokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Psoriasis Area Severity Index ◽  
Severity Index Score

Background: Psoriasis is associated with accelerated non-calcified coronary plaque burden (NCB) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been shown to effectively identify cardiometabolic variables with NCB in cross-sectional analysis. Objective: To use ML methods to characterize important predictors of change in NCB by CCTA in psoriasis over 1-year of observation. Methods: The analysis included 182 consecutive patients with 80 available variables from the Psoriasis Atherosclerosis Cardiometabolic Initiative, a prospective, observational cohort study at baseline and 1-year using the random forest regression algorithm. NCB was assessed at baseline and 1-year from CCTA. Results: Using ML, we identified variables of high importance in the context of predicting changes in NCB. For the cohort that worsened NCB (n = 102), top baseline variables were cholesterol (total and HDL), white blood cell count, psoriasis area severity index score, and diastolic blood pressure. Top predictors of 1-year change were change in visceral adiposity, white blood cell count, total cholesterol, c-reactive protein, and absolute lymphocyte count. For the cohort that improved NCB (n = 80), the top baseline variables were HDL cholesterol related including apolipoprotein A1, basophil count, and psoriasis area severity index score, and top predictors of 1-year change were change in apoA, apoB, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: ML methods ranked predictors of progression and regression of NCB in psoriasis over 1 year providing strong evidence to focus on treating LDL, blood pressure, and obesity; as well as the importance of controlling cutaneous disease in psoriasis.

scholarly journals Enoxaparin-induced reactive thrombocytosis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Xiang ◽  
Ming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Reactive Thrombocytosis

Abstract Background Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant that falls in the class of medications called low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), and is used to prevent or treat patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. Enoxaparin is the most widely used LMWH for DVT prophylaxis following knee or hip replacement surgery. Common side effects of enoxaparin include bleeding, petechiae at the injection site, and thrombocytopenia. However, reactive thrombocytosis is a rarely reported adverse reaction. We managed a patient who developed enoxaparin-associated thrombocytosis, which was completely resolved after treatment cessation. Case presentation A 78-year-old female was hospitalized for post-hip replacement rehabilitation. Low molecular weight heparin 40 mg/day was administered subcutaneously to prevent deep venous thrombosis (DVT). At admission, her platelet count was normal (228 × 109/L) and her white blood cell count was slightly elevated (12.91 × 109/L). Seven days after admission, the patient developed thrombocytosis, which peaked on the 14th day (836 × 109/L), while her white blood cell count had returned to normal (8.86 × 109/L). Her therapeutic regimen was reviewed, and enoxaparin was identified as a potentially reversible cause of reactive thrombocytosis. Switching from enoxaparin to rivaroxaban lead to a gradual decrease in the patient’s platelet count, which eventually returned to normal levels 16 days after enoxaparin was discontinued. No complications secondary to thrombocytosis was observed, and no conclusion was reached on the use of small doses of aspirin for antithrombotic therapy under these circumstances. Conclusion Enoxaparin-induced reactive thrombocytosis should be suspected in patients with thrombocytosis following enoxaparin administration as an anticoagulant to prevent certain complications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document