scholarly journals Assessing the concurrent validity of a gait analysis system integrated into a smart walker in older adults with gait impairments

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1682-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Werner ◽  
Georgia Chalvatzaki ◽  
Xanthi S Papageorgiou ◽  
Costas S Tzafestas ◽  
Jürgen M Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Smart Walker ◽  
Gait Impairments

Objective: To assess the concurrent validity of a smart walker–integrated gait analysis system with the GAITRite® system for measuring spatiotemporal gait parameters in potential users of the smart walker. Design: Criterion standard validation study. Setting: Research laboratory in a geriatric hospital. Participants: Twenty-five older adults (⩾65 years) with gait impairments (habitual rollator use and/or gait speed <0.6 m/s) and no severe cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination ⩾17). Main measures: Stride, swing and stance time; stride length; and gait speed were simultaneously recorded using the smart walker–integrated gait analysis system and the GAITRite system while participants walked along a 7.8-m walkway with the smart walker. Concurrent criterion-related validity was assessed using the Bland–Altman method, percentage errors (acceptable if <30%), and intraclass correlation coefficients for consistency (ICC3,1) and absolute agreement (ICC2,1). Results: Bias for stride, swing and stance time ranged from −0.04 to 0.04 seconds, with acceptable percentage errors (8.7%–23.0%). Stride length and gait speed showed higher bias (meanbias (SD) = 0.20 (0.11) m; 0.19 (0.13) m/s) and not acceptable percentage errors (31.3%–42.3%). Limits of agreement were considerably narrower for temporal than for spatial-related gait parameters. All gait parameters showed good-to-excellent consistency (ICC3,1 = 0.72–0.97). Absolute agreement was good-to-excellent for temporal (ICC2,1 = 0.72–0.97) but only poor-to-fair for spatial-related gait parameters (ICC2,1 = 0.37–0.52). Conclusion: The smart walker–integrated gait analysis system has good concurrent validity with the GAITRite system for measuring temporal but not spatial-related gait parameters in potential end-users of the smart walker. Stride length and gait speed can be measured with good consistency, but with only limited absolute accuracy.

A Comparison of Algorithms for Body-Worn Sensor-Based Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters to the GAITRite Electronic Walkway

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry R. Greene ◽  
Timothy G. Foran ◽  
Denise McGrath ◽  
Emer P. Doheny ◽  
Adrian Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Analysis Platform ◽  
Good Agreement

This study compares the performance of algorithms for body-worn sensors used with a spatiotemporal gait analysis platform to the GAITRite electronic walkway. The mean error in detection time (true error) for heel strike and toe-off was 33.9 ± 10.4 ms and 3.8 ± 28.7 ms, respectively. The ICC for temporal parameters step, stride, swing and stance time was found to be greater than 0.84, indicating good agreement. Similarly, for spatial gait parameters—stride length and velocity—the ICC was found to be greater than 0.88. Results show good to excellent concurrent validity in spatiotemporal gait parameters, at three different walking speeds (best agreement observed at normal walking speed). The reported algorithms for body-worn sensors are comparable to the GAITRite electronic walkway for measurement of spatiotemporal gait parameters in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Concurrent Validity, Test-Retest Reliability, and Sensitivity to Change of a Single Body-Fixed Sensor for Gait Analysis during Rollator-Assisted Walking in Acute Geriatric Patients

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4866
Author(s):  
Christian Werner ◽  
Patrick Heldmann ◽  
Saskia Hummel ◽  
Laura Bauknecht ◽  
Jürgen M. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walk Ratio ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Body-fixed sensor (BFS) technology offers portable, low-cost and easy-to-use alternatives to laboratory-bound equipment for analyzing an individual’s gait. Psychometric properties of single BFS systems for gait analysis in older adults who require a rollator for walking are, however, unknown. The study’s aim was to evaluate the concurrent validity, test-retest-reliability, and sensitivity to change of a BFS (DynaPort MoveTest; McRoberts B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands) for measuring gait parameters during rollator-assisted walking. Fifty-eight acutely hospitalized older patients equipped with the BFS at the lower back completed a 10 m walkway using a rollator. Concurrent validity was assessed against the Mobility Lab (APDM Inc.; Portland, OR, USA), test-retest reliability over two trials within a 15 min period, and sensitivity to change in patients with improved, stable and worsened 4 m usual gait speed over hospital stay. Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for gait speed, cadence, step length, step time, and walk ratio indicate good to excellent agreement between the BFS and the Mobility Lab (ICC2,1 = 0.87–0.99) and the repeated trials (ICC2,1 = 0.83–0.92). Moderate to large standardized response means were observed in improved (gait speed, cadence, step length, walk ratio: 0.62–0.99) and worsened patients (gait speed, cadence, step time: −0.52 to −0.85), while those in stable patients were trivial to small (all gait parameters: −0.04–0.40). The BFS appears to be a valid, reliable and sensitive instrument for measuring spatio-temporal gait parameters during rollator-assisted walking in geriatric patients.

scholarly journals Concurrent validity and repeatability of inertial sensor gait analysis system for the measurement of gait parameters of young healthy adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1484600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annukka Myllymäki ◽  
Eliisa Löyttyniemi ◽  
Maria Kaunismäki ◽  
Maiju Pesonen ◽  
Airi Oksanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Analysis System

scholarly journals Gait and Axial Spondyloarthritis: Comparative Gait Analysis Study Using Foot-Worn Inertial Sensors

10.2196/27087 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e27087
Author(s):  
Julie Soulard ◽  
Jacques Vaillant ◽  
Athan Baillet ◽  
Philippe Gaudin ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Double Support Time ◽  
Support Time

Background Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) can lead to spinal mobility restrictions associated with restricted lower limb ranges of motion, thoracic kyphosis, spinopelvic ankylosis, or decrease in muscle strength. It is well known that these factors can have consequences on spatiotemporal gait parameters during walking. However, no study has assessed spatiotemporal gait parameters in patients with axSpA. Divergent results have been obtained in the studies assessing spatiotemporal gait parameters in ankylosing spondylitis, a subgroup of axSpA, which could be partly explained by self-reported pain intensity scores at time of assessment. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are increasingly popular and may facilitate gait assessment in clinical practice. Objective This study compared spatiotemporal gait parameters assessed with foot-worn IMUs in patients with axSpA and matched healthy individuals without and with pain intensity score as a covariate. Methods A total of 30 patients with axSpA and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls performed a 10-m walk test at comfortable speed. Various spatiotemporal gait parameters were computed from foot-worn inertial sensors including gait speed in ms–1 (mean walking velocity), cadence in steps/minute (number of steps in a minute), stride length in m (distance between 2 consecutive footprints of the same foot on the ground), swing time in percentage (portion of the cycle during which the foot is in the air), stance time in percentage (portion of the cycle during which part of the foot touches the ground), and double support time in percentage (portion of the cycle where both feet touch the ground). Results Age, height, and weight were not significantly different between groups. Self-reported pain intensity was significantly higher in patients with axSpA than healthy controls (P<.001). Independent sample t tests indicated that patients with axSpA presented lower gait speed (P<.001) and cadence (P=.004), shorter stride length (P<.001) and swing time (P<.001), and longer double support time (P<.001) and stance time (P<.001) than healthy controls. When using pain intensity as a covariate, spatiotemporal gait parameters were still significant with patients with axSpA exhibiting lower gait speed (P<.001), shorter stride length (P=.001) and swing time (P<.001), and longer double support time (P<.001) and stance time (P<.001) than matched healthy controls. Interestingly, there were no longer statistically significant between-group differences observed for the cadence (P=.17). Conclusions Gait was significantly altered in patients with axSpA with reduced speed, cadence, stride length, and swing time and increased double support and stance time. Taken together, these changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters could be interpreted as the adoption of a so-called cautious gait pattern in patients with axSpA. Among factors that may influence gait in patients with axSpA, patient self-reported pain intensity could play a role. Finally, IMUs allowed computation of spatiotemporal gait parameters and are usable to assess gait in patients with axSpA in clinical routine. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03761212; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03761212 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1007/s00296-019-04396-4

Digital Biomarkers of Cognitive Frailty: The Value of Detailed Gait Assessment Beyond Gait Speed

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
He Zhou ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
Mohammad Shahbazi ◽  
Michele K. York ◽  
Mark E. Kunik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Digital Biomarkers

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Cognitive frailty (CF), defined as the simultaneous presence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty, is a clinical symptom in early-stage dementia with promise in assessing the risk of dementia. The purpose of this study was to use wearables to determine the most sensitive digital gait biomarkers to identify CF. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Of 121 older adults (age = 78.9 ± 8.2 years, body mass index = 26.6 ± 5.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) who were evaluated with a comprehensive neurological exam and the Fried frailty criteria, 41 participants (34%) were identified with CF and 80 participants (66%) were identified without CF. Gait performance of participants was assessed under single task (walking without cognitive distraction) and dual task (walking while counting backward from a random number) using a validated wearable platform. Participants walked at habitual speed over a distance of 10 m. A validated algorithm was used to determine steady-state walking. Gait parameters of interest include steady-state gait speed, stride length, gait cycle time, double support, and gait unsteadiness. In addition, speed and stride length were normalized by height. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Our results suggest that compared to the group without CF, the CF group had deteriorated gait performances in both single-task and dual-task walking (Cohen’s effect size <i>d</i> = 0.42–0.97, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.050). The largest effect size was observed in normalized dual-task gait speed (<i>d</i> = 0.97, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The use of dual-task gait speed improved the area under the curve (AUC) to distinguish CF cases to 0.76 from 0.73 observed for the single-task gait speed. Adding both single-task and dual-task gait speeds did not noticeably change AUC. However, when additional gait parameters such as gait unsteadiness, stride length, and double support were included in the model, AUC was improved to 0.87. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study suggests that gait performances measured by wearable sensors are potential digital biomarkers of CF among older adults. Dual-task gait and other detailed gait metrics provide value for identifying CF above gait speed alone. Future studies need to examine the potential benefits of gait performances for early diagnosis of CF and/or tracking its severity over time.

scholarly journals Can an Observational Gait Scale Produce a Result Consistent with Symmetry Indexes Obtained from 3-Dimensional Gait Analysis?: A Concurrent Validity Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Guzik ◽  
Mariusz Drużbicki ◽  
Lidia Perenc ◽  
Justyna Podgórska-Bednarz
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Observational Tool ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Analysis System

To investigate whether a simple observational tool may be a substitute to the time-consuming and costly 3-dimensional (3D) analysis, the study applied the Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS), enabling assessment which is highly consistent with 3D gait parameters in patients after a stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether, and to what extent, observational information obtained from WGS-based assessment can be applied to predict results of 3D gait analysis for selected symmetry indicators related to spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. Fifty patients at a chronic stage of recovery post-stroke were enrolled in the study. The spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters were measured using a movement analysis system. The symmetry index (SI), was calculated for selected gait parameters. The patients’ gait was evaluated by means of the WGS. It was shown that stance % SI, as well as hip and knee flexion-extension range of motion SI can most effectively be substituted by WGS-based estimations (coefficient of determination exceeding 80%). It was shown that information acquired based on the WGS can be used to obtain results comparable to those achieved in 3D assessment for selected SIs of spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. The study confirms that observation of gait using the WGS, which is an ordinal scale, is consistent with the selected aims of 3D assessment. Therefore, the scale can be used as a complementary tool in gait assessment.

Speed and Temporal-Distance Adaptations during Treadmill and Overground Walking Following Stroke

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roain Bayat ◽  
Hugues Barbeau ◽  
Anouk Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Gait Speed ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Hemiparetic Gait ◽  
Maximal Speed ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Walking Speeds

Objective. To compare the maximum gait speed of stroke subjects attained during treadmill and overground in stroke subjects and to identify the temporal-distance determinants of the maximal gait speed. Methods. Ten individuals with hemiparetic gait deficits and whose walking speeds ranged between 0.24 m/s and 0.82 m/s participated. Five healthy age-matched controls were also tested to provide comparative data for the gait speed transfer between the 2 modes of locomotion. Following a brief habituation process to walking on the treadmill, subjects were tested while walking at comfortable and maximal speeds on the treadmill and overground, in a random order. Main Outcome Measure. Self-selected comfortable and maximum gait speed and temporal-distance factors were acquired using a 6-camera Vicon™ motion analysis system and compared between treadmill and overground walking at a similar speed. Results. Overground walking resulted in higher maximal speeds (P < 0.001), greater stride lengths (P < 0.001), and a lower cadence (P < 0.02), as compared to tread-mill. The comfortable gait speed and the maximum stride length proved to be strong determinants for the maximal speed on both modes of locomotion (P < 0.01), but the maximum cadence was correlated to maximum speed only for overground locomotion (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Stroke subjects walked slower on the treadmill as compared to overground. They also used a different strategy to increase gait speed, relying mostly on increasing the stride length during treadmill ambulation.

Comparison of Treadmill and Overground Walking in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252199310
Author(s):  
Taeyou Jung ◽  
Yumi Kim ◽  
Luke E. Kelly ◽  
Mayumi Wagatsuma ◽  
Youngok Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Overground Walking ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Walking Speeds

The primary purpose of this study was to compare biomechanical gait variables and perceived gait velocity between overground and treadmill walking conditions among typically developing children and adolescents. Twenty children and adolescents ( Mage = 11.4, SD = 2.9 years) walked overground and on a treadmill at a matched comfortable walking speed while a 3-D motion analysis system captured spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. In order to compare perceived gait velocities, we acquired data at self-selected comfortable and fastest walking speeds. Paired t-tests comparing the children’s speed and gait in these two different walking conditions revealed significantly higher cadence ( p < .001) and shorter stride length ( p < .002), during treadmill versus overground walking. In addition, treadmill walking showed statistically significant differences in joint kinematics of ankle excursion and pelvic rotation excursions ( p < .001). Participants chose slower speeds on the treadmill than for overground walking when they were asked to select their comfortable and fastest walking speeds ( p < .001). Our findings suggest that these differences between treadmill and overground walking in cadence, stride length, and perceived gait velocity should be considered whenever a treadmill is used for gait research within the pediatric population. However, the differences we found in gait kinematics between these two walking conditions appear to be relatively trivial and fell within the common error range of kinematic analysis.

scholarly journals Quantitative gait analysis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using deep learning algorithms on monocular videos

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungmoon Jeong ◽  
Hosang Yu ◽  
Jaechan Park ◽  
Kyunghun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
Stride Time ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Analysis System

AbstractA vision-based gait analysis method using monocular videos was proposed to estimate temporo-spatial gait parameters by leveraging deep learning algorithms. This study aimed to validate vision-based gait analysis using GAITRite as the reference system and analyze relationships between Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores and gait variability measured by vision-based gait analysis in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients. Gait data from 46 patients were simultaneously collected from the vision-based system utilizing deep learning algorithms and the GAITRite system. There was a strong correlation in 11 gait parameters between our vision-based gait analysis method and the GAITRite gait analysis system. Our results also demonstrated excellent agreement between the two measurement systems for all parameters except stride time variability after the cerebrospinal fluid tap test. Our data showed that stride time and stride length variability measured by the vision-based gait analysis system were correlated with FAB scores. Vision-based gait analysis utilizing deep learning algorithms can provide comparable data to GAITRite when assessing gait dysfunction in INPH. Frontal lobe functions may be associated with gait variability measurements using vision-based gait analysis for INPH patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document