The effects of the glycine reuptake inhibitor R213129 on the central nervous system and on scopolamine-induced impairments in psychomotor and cognitive function in healthy subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1671-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Liem-Moolenaar ◽  
RWM Zoethout ◽  
P de Boer ◽  
M Schmidt ◽  
ML de Kam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Effect of Vicriviroc on the QT/Corrected QT Interval and Central Nervous System in Healthy Subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2448-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward O'Mara ◽  
Claudia Kasserra ◽  
John Robert Huddlestone ◽  
Yuntao Wan ◽  
Peter Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Parallel Group Study ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Vicriviroc is a CCR5 antagonist in clinical development for the treatment of HIV-1. Two phase I studies were conducted to assess the safety of vicriviroc. One study characterized the drug's potential to prolong the QT/corrected QT (QTc) interval and to induce arrhythmia. In this partially blind, parallel-group study, 200 healthy subjects aged 18 to 50 years were randomized in equal groups to the following regimens: (i) placebo for 9 days and a single dose of moxifloxacin at 400 mg on day 10, (ii) placebo, (iii) vicriviroc-ritonavir (30 and 100 mg), (iv) vicriviroc-ritonavir (150 and 100 mg), and (v) ritonavir (100 mg). The second study characterized the effects of a range of vicriviroc doses on the central nervous system (CNS). In this third-party-blind, parallel-group study, 30 healthy subjects aged 18 to 48 years were randomized to receive a single dose of either vicriviroc at 200, 250, or 300 mg or placebo, followed by multiple (seven) once-daily doses of either vicriviroc at 150, 200, or 250 mg or placebo, respectively. In the first study, vicriviroc produced no clinically meaningful effect on the QT/QTc interval when administered at a supratherapeutic or therapeutic dose concurrently with ritonavir. In the second study, vicriviroc produced no observable seizure activity, nor was it held to be associated with any clinically relevant changes in brain waveforms in the final consensus of reviewers. These findings showed that vicriviroc produced no clinically relevant QTc prolongation cardiac or epileptogenic effects in healthy individuals at exposures as high as five times those expected for HIV-infected patients receiving therapeutic doses of vicriviroc in a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor-containing regimen.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological biomarkers of central nervous system affection in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Abd El Monem Ali ◽  
Ahmed Salama Al-Adl
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with significant systemic abnormalities which includes systemic inflammation and neurohormonal activation that are considered the main mechanisms of the pathophysiology in systemic involvement. The aim of the present study was to detect the subclinical affection of the central nervous system in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results Forty patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled in this study and 30 healthy subjects as a control group. All patients and healthy subjects were submitted to full history taking, clinical examination, arterial blood gases, spirometry, evoked potential, and electroencephalogram. Regarding to brain stem auditory evoked potentials, there was a statistically significant increase of latency of waves numbers I, III, and V, and a statistically significant increase of interpeak latencies I–III in the COPD group when compared to the control group. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant decrease of brain stem auditory evoked potential I and V amplitudes on both sides in the COPD group when compared to the control group. In visual evoked potential, there was a statistically significant increase of latency and decrease of amplitude of P100. In addition, there was a statistically significant increase of electroencephalogram changes in the COPD group when compared to the control group (20.0% vs. 3.3%, respectively). Conclusion In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the central nervous system could be affected subclinically as the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased, and the patient should be electrophysiologically monitored for early detection of nervous system affection.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined and General Anesthesia on Cognitive Functions for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Under CPB

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. E593-E597
Author(s):  
Greta Kasputytė ◽  
Rasa Bukauskienė ◽  
Edmundas Širvinskas ◽  
Tadas Lenkutis ◽  
Renata Vimantaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Combined Anesthesia ◽  
Function Assessment

Background: Patients may experience a variety of neurological complications after heart surgery. The most common complication observed in clinical practice is delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR). The role of the anesthesiologist is very important, as the risk of dNCR may be reduced, depending on the anesthesia tactic chosen. Although the possibility that neuropsychological complications are less common in patients undergoing combined anesthesia (general + epidural) than in patients undergoing general anesthesia is not yet confirmed, the results are being discussed. The aim of this study was to determine impact of combined anesthesia (general + epidural) on cognitive functions of patients after cardiac surgery. Methods: The prospective, case-controlled study included 80 patients undergoing cardiac surgery from 2015 to 2017 at the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery in the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos. After approval from the local bioethics center, informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Inclusion criteria were age 51 to 80 years, elective cardiac surgery, left ventricular ejection fraction > 35%, anamnesis of not using agents affecting the central nervous system, absence of neuropathology, and sufficient renal function. Exclusion criteria were patients suffering from diseases causing cognitive function or using agents affecting the central nervous system, emergency or re-surgery, carotid artery atherosclerosis with artery diameter 50 or more percent reduction, and a patient’s disagreement. MMSE test and 6-CIT test were used for a cognitive function assessment, Trail making test and WAIS Digital Symbol Substitution test were used for psychomotor function assessment. All tests were used a day before surgery and seven days after surgery. According to the planned anesthesia, patients were assigned into two groups: 1 – combined general + epidural anesthesia and 2 – general anesthesia. Standardized protocol of anesthesia was followed for all patients. Preoperative patients and surgery factors, preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological test results were recorded. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled in the study. Both groups did not differ in demographic, perioperative values, and baseline (preoperative) test results. Postoperative (7th day) WAIS (P = .042) and 6-item cognitive impairment (P = .016) test results were statistically different when comparing the GA and CA groups. Comparing preoperative and postoperative test results, there was a significant decline in the WAIS test score in the GA group (P = .013).

scholarly journals Divergent effect of fluoxetine on the response to physical or chemical stressors in zebrafish

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo S. Abreu ◽  
Ana Cristina V.V. Giacomini ◽  
Gessi Koakoski ◽  
Angelo L.S. Piato ◽  
Leonardo J.G. Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Reuptake Inhibitor ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Serotonin Concentration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that increases serotonin concentration in the central nervous system and modulates various systems, including the control of sympathetic outflow and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal. However, it is not yet established whether fluoxetine can modulate the responses to stressors stimulants (physical or chemical) that trigger cortisol response in zebrafish. We demonstrate that fluoxetine blunts the response to physical stress, but not to chemical stress.

scholarly journals Paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT): a very difficult test even for individuals with high intellectual capability

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Bruno Bidin Brooks ◽  
Vinicius Oliveira Giraud ◽  
Youssef Jamal Saleh ◽  
Samuel Jose Rodrigues ◽  
Lucas Afonso Daia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Serial Addition ◽  
Intellectual Level

OBJECTIVE: To assess the difficulty of paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) in a population of high intellectual level, under ideal cognitive testing circumstances. METHOD: One hundred medical students underwent PASAT testing. They had slept well the night before, they had eaten before the assessment, they were not using any drugs that could affect the central nervous system and they did not have depression, anxiety or any chronic disease. RESULTS: The average result from the three-second version of PASAT was 57.5% and, from the two-second version, it was 44.3%. CONCLUSION: Even under ideal circumstances, PASAT is a very difficult test for the general population. It may not be ideal for neurologists to screen, assess and follow up patients with cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.

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