Mephedrone and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine: Comparative psychobiological effects as reported by recreational polydrug users

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1313-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Jones ◽  
Phil Reed ◽  
Andrew Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Nasal Irritation

Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of mephedrone and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), as reported by young recreational polydrug users. Methods: 152 MDMA users and 81 mephedrone users were recruited through snowballing on social network sites. They completed a standard online questionnaire for either mephedrone or MDMA. The questions covered the average amount taken per session, the longest duration of usage in the last 12-months, subjective effects while on-drug, and recovery effects in the days afterwards. Results: Mephedrone users reported a significantly longer maximum session of use than MDMA users. Mephedrone users also reported a significantly greater average amount used per session. The majority of on-drug subjective ratings did not differ between drugs, with similar increases in entactogenic effects. Although mephedrone users did report significantly more frequent issues with sleeping, anger and anxiety. In relation to recovery, mephedrone users reported more frequent craving, nasal irritation, paranoia, and relationship difficulties. Mephedrone users also rated general recovery effects as more severe over the seven-day period following use, taking more days to feel normal. Conclusions: The acute effects of MDMA and mephedrone were broadly similar. However, the recovery period for mephedrone was more enduring, possibly due to the longer duration of acute session usage.

Key variables to predict tie strength on social network sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin Luarn ◽  
Yu-Ping Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tie Strength ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Design Of Algorithms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to predict tie strength using profile similarities and interaction data between users, and thus distinguish between strong and weak relationships on social network sites (SNSs). Design/methodology/approach – This study developed a program and an online questionnaire to collect the data set from Facebook, and then integrated that data set with a subjective data set consisting of participants’ opinions of the strength of their friendships on Facebook. The model developed here for predicting tie strength performed well when was applied on a data set of 6,477 SNSs’ ties, distinguishing between strong and weak ties with over 50 percent accuracy. Findings – The results developed an algorithm (predictive model) that quantifies and measures tie strength continuously to bridge the gap between theory and practice. The results found that the variables in the dimension of emotional intensity had stronger effects than other interaction variables. Originality/value – This study developed a predictive model that helps explain the meaning of interaction on SNSs, providing an efficient method to examine tie strength on SNSs. The tie strength estimates can also be used to improve the range and performance of various aspects of SNSs, including link predictions, product recommendations, newsfeeds, people searches, and visualization. Such understanding of the structure of SNSs might lead ultimately to the design of algorithms that can detect trusted or influential users of SNSs.

Receiving supportive communication from Facebook friends: A model of social ties and supportive communication in social network sites

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. High ◽  
Emily M. Buehler
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
Supportive Messages

This study distinguishes perceptions of, preferences for, and outcomes related to people’s social ties online. It expands understanding of when and why using social network sites (SNSs) provides people with several types of supportive communication by integrating users’ social capital and preference for weak tie support. Prior research is synthesized and extended to build a heuristic model of social ties and supportive communication in SNSs that considers network-based variables (i.e., social capital, preference for weak ties) as mechanisms that link the use of SNSs to the supportive messages people receive. A community sample ( N = 553) completed an online questionnaire. Results indicated that intensity of Facebook use corresponds with both social capital and received support. Moreover, social capital mediates and preference for weak ties moderates the relationship between using Facebook and receiving support, and results differ according to the types of social capital and support under consideration. Facebook use, for example, only corresponds with receiving informational and esteem support when users exhibit sufficient preferences for weak tie support.

LinkedIn and Facebook in Belgium

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Caers ◽  
Vanessa Castelyns
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Profile Pictures ◽  
First Interview

This study investigates whether Belgian recruitment and selection (R&S) professionals use LinkedIn and Facebook during their R&S procedures and to what extent. A total of 398 and 353 respondents, respectively, from various sectors and from organizations of various sizes, responded to an online questionnaire concerning Facebook and LinkedIn. Descriptive analyses indicate that both the social network sites have become extra tools for recruiting applicants, to find additional information about them, and to decide who will be invited for an interview. Belgian R&S professionals do, however, use LinkedIn and Facebook in a different way, both for recruitment and for selection. Finally, it is shown that while R&S professionals claim profile pictures on Facebook do not provide signals on personality dimensions like emotional stability and agreeableness, they do tend to recognize signals of extraversion and maturity. The latter creates the risk that common selection biases occur even before the first interview.

scholarly journals Control your Facebook: An analysis of online privacy literacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Bartsch ◽  
Tobias Dienlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Privacy Regulation ◽  
Privacy Settings ◽  
Per Se

For an effective and responsible communication on social network sites (SNSs) users must decide between withholding and disclosing personal information. For this so-called privacy regulation, users need to have the respective skills—in other words, they need to have online privacy literacy. In this study, we discuss factors that potentially contribute to and result from online privacy literacy. In an online questionnaire with 630 Facebook users, we found that people who spend more time on Facebook and who have changed their privacy settings more frequently reported to have more online privacy literacy. People with more online privacy literacy, in turn, felt more secure on Facebook and implemented more social privacy settings. A mediation analysis showed that time spend on Facebook and experience with privacy regulation did not per se increase safety and privacy behavior directly, stressing the importance of online privacy literacy as a mediator to a safe and privacy-enhancing online behavior. We conclude that Internet experience leads to more online privacy literacy, which fosters a more cautious privacy behavior on SNSs.

Motives for Employees Communicate Positive Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) on Social Network Sites: Exploring Moderating Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 183933492199947
Author(s):  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Chengchen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Internal Marketing ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Moderating Variables

Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has received attention from marketing academic society in the last decade. Extant literature explains why consumers spread eWOM in social network sites (SNS), but the motivations of internal employees’ eWOM behavior are not extensively researched. This article aims to explore what factors motivate employees to create positive eWOM in SNS and the moderating variables in the effects of these motivations. Capturing motivations of employees’ positive eWOM behavior in SNS and moderating variables, the hypotheses were proposed by drawing on the literature of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), internal marketing, and consumer eWOM. Responses from a sample of 301 employees were conducted through an online questionnaire survey. The result reveals three job-related motivations and two social-related motivations of employees’ positive eWOM behavior with four moderating variables influencing these relationships in different ways. This study makes theoretical contributions to eWOM literature by integrating consumers’ eWOM and employees’ OCB research, probing into this issue from the internal employees’ perspective. Besides, it provides insightful implications for marketing managers on motivating employees to create positive eWOM in SNS voluntarily.

Facebooking Alone? Millennials’ Use of Social Network Sites and Volunteering

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Network Site ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
Mixed Messages

The younger generation’s widespread use of online social network sites has raised concerns and debates about social network sites’ influence on this generation’s civic engagement, whether these sites undermine or promote prosocial behaviors. This study empirically examines how millennials’ social network site usage relates to volunteering, using the 2013 data of the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort Study. The findings reveal a positive association between a moderate level of Facebook use and volunteering, although heavy users are not more likely to volunteer than nonusers. This bell-shaped relationship between Facebook use and volunteering contrasts with the direct correlation between participation in off-line associational activities and volunteering. Overall, the findings suggest that it is natural to get mixed messages about social network sites’ impacts on civic engagement, and these platforms can be useful tools for getting the word out and recruiting episodic volunteers.

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