scholarly journals Person-following by autonomous robots: A categorical overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 1581-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Jahidul Islam ◽  
Jungseok Hong ◽  
Junaed Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Person Following ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prospective Application

A wide range of human–robot collaborative applications in diverse domains, such as manufacturing, health care, the entertainment industry, and social interactions, require an autonomous robot to follow its human companion. Different working environments and applications pose diverse challenges by adding constraints on the choice of sensors, degree of autonomy, and dynamics of a person-following robot. Researchers have addressed these challenges in many ways and contributed to the development of a large body of literature. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the literature by categorizing different aspects of person-following by autonomous robots. Also, the corresponding operational challenges are identified based on various design choices for ground, underwater, and aerial scenarios. In addition, state-of-the-art methods for perception, planning, control, and interaction are elaborately discussed and their applicability in varied operational scenarios is presented. Then some of the prominent methods are qualitatively compared, corresponding practicalities are illustrated, and their feasibility is analyzed for various use cases. Furthermore, several prospective application areas are identified, and open problems are highlighted for future research.

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Shubham Pateria ◽  
Budhitama Subagdja ◽  
Ah-hwee Tan ◽  
Chai Quek
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agent Learning ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Supplementary Material

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) enables autonomous decomposition of challenging long-horizon decision-making tasks into simpler subtasks. During the past years, the landscape of HRL research has grown profoundly, resulting in copious approaches. A comprehensive overview of this vast landscape is necessary to study HRL in an organized manner. We provide a survey of the diverse HRL approaches concerning the challenges of learning hierarchical policies, subtask discovery, transfer learning, and multi-agent learning using HRL. The survey is presented according to a novel taxonomy of the approaches. Based on the survey, a set of important open problems is proposed to motivate the future research in HRL. Furthermore, we outline a few suitable task domains for evaluating the HRL approaches and a few interesting examples of the practical applications of HRL in the Supplementary Material.

scholarly journals Utility value interventions: Why and how instructors should use them in college psychology courses.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raechel N. Soicher ◽  
Kathryn A. Becker-Blease
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
College Level ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Wide Range

According to expectancy-value models of achievement motivation, a core component of increasing student motivation is utility value. Utility value refers to the importance that a task has in one’s future goals. Utility value interventions provide an opportunity for students to make explicit connections between course content and their own lives. A large body of literature suggests that utility value interventions are effective for a wide range of students (e.g., both adolescent and adult learners) in a variety of courses (e.g., introductory psychology, introductory biology, and physics). This review provides (1) an overview of an expectancy value model of achievement motivation, (2) a comprehensive review of the experimental studies of utility value interventions in psychology, (3) concrete pedagogical recommendations based on the evidence from over thirty studies of the utility value intervention, and (4) suggestions for future research directions. After reading this review, college-level psychology instructors should be able to decide whether the utility value intervention is appropriate for their own course and, if so, implement the intervention effectively.

scholarly journals Impact of Housing Environment on the Immune System in Chickens: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Hofmann ◽  
Sonja S. Schmucker ◽  
Werner Bessei ◽  
Michael Grashorn ◽  
Volker Stefanski
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

During their lifespan, chickens are confronted with a wide range of acute and chronic stressors in their housing environment that may threaten their welfare and health by modulating the immune system. Especially chronic stressful conditions can exceed the individual’s allostatic load, with negative consequences for immunity. A fully functional immune system is mandatory for health and welfare and, consequently, also for high productivity and safe animal products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of housing form, light regime as well as aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations on the immune system in chickens. Certain housing conditions are clearly associated with immunological alterations which potentially impair the success of vaccinations or affect disease susceptibility. Such poor conditions counteract sustainable poultry production. This review also outlines current knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research.

Caregiving for ageing parents: A literature review on the experience of adult children

2019 ◽  
pp. 096973301988171
Author(s):  
Ina Luichies ◽  
Anne Goossensen ◽  
Hanneke van der Meide
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ageing Parents

Background: More and more adults in their fifties and sixties are confronted with the need to support their ageing parents. Although many aspects of filial caregiving have been researched, a well-documented and comprehensive overview of the caregiving experience is lacking. Aim: This study aims for a better understanding of the caregiving experience of adult children by generating an overview of main themes in international research. Method: A literature review of qualitative studies, focusing on the experiences of adult children caring for their ageing parents, was performed. The electronic EBSCO databases Academic Search Premier, CINAHL and PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant qualitative studies published between 2000 and 2017. The ‘SPIDER’ eligibility criteria directed the approach. The quality of studies included was screened with the assessment sheet designed by Hawker and colleagues. The experiences reported were analysed and themes were synthesized. Ethical consideration: Ethical requirements were respected in every phase of the research process. Findings: Nineteen qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the relationship with the parent appears to be an important determinant of the children’s caregiving experience. Within this context, three themes were found: caregiving as an emotional rollercoaster, a normatively demanding experience and an opportunity for personal development. Discussion: Children caring for their ageing parents have to deal with a wide range of contradicting and conflicting norms and values. Implications for healthcare professionals and future research have been discussed. Conclusion: Caring for ageing parents is a continuous quest for giving the best possible care and living up to one’s personal values, within the context of the parent’s declining health. Professionals who support filial caregivers should address not only practical responsibilities but also the normative questions and moral considerations caregivers are dealing with.

scholarly journals Routinely collected patient data in neurology research: A systematic mapping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Biggin ◽  
Hedley Emsley ◽  
Jo Knight
Keyword(s):  
Small Body ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review

Abstract Background This review focuses on neurology research which uses routinely collected data. The number of such studies is growing alongside the expansion of data collection. We aim to gain a broad picture of the scope of how routine healthcare data have been utilised. Methods This study follows a systematic mapping review approach which does not make a judgement on the quality of the papers included in the review, thereby enabling a complete overview of the field. Results Of 4481 publications retrieved, 386 met the eligibility criteria for this study. These publications covered a wide range of conditions, but the majority were based on one or only a small number of neurological conditions. In particular, publications concerned with three discrete areas of neurological practice - multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy/seizure and Parkinson’s disease - accounted for 60% of the total. MS was the focus of the highest proportion of eligible studies (35%), yet in the recent Global Burden of Neurological Disease study it ranks only 14 th out of 15 neurological disorders for DALY rates. In contrast, migraine is the neurological disorder with the highest ranking of DALYs globally (after stroke) and yet it was represented by only 4% of eligible studies. Conclusion This review shows that there is a disproportionately large body of literature pertaining to relatively rare disorders, and a correspondingly small body of literature describing more common conditions. Therefore, there is potential for future research to redress this balance.

scholarly journals Recent Progress of Anomaly Detection

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Xu ◽  
Huawen Liu ◽  
Minghai Yao
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Anomaly Analysis ◽  
Public Datasets

Anomaly analysis is of great interest to diverse fields, including data mining and machine learning, and plays a critical role in a wide range of applications, such as medical health, credit card fraud, and intrusion detection. Recently, a significant number of anomaly detection methods with a variety of types have been witnessed. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing work on anomaly detection, especially for the data with high dimensionalities and mixed types, where identifying anomalous patterns or behaviours is a nontrivial work. Specifically, we first present recent advances in anomaly detection, discussing the pros and cons of the detection methods. Then we conduct extensive experiments on public datasets to evaluate several typical and popular anomaly detection methods. The purpose of this paper is to offer a better understanding of the state-of-the-art techniques of anomaly detection for practitioners. Finally, we conclude by providing some directions for future research.

scholarly journals Routinely collected patient data in neurology research: a systematic mapping review

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fran Biggin ◽  
Hedley C. A. Emsley ◽  
Jo Knight
Keyword(s):  
Small Body ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mapping Review ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Systematic Mapping Review

Abstract Background This review focuses on neurology research which uses routinely collected data. The number of such studies is growing alongside the expansion of data collection. We aim to gain a broad picture of the scope of how routine healthcare data have been utilised. Methods This study follows a systematic mapping review approach which does not make a judgement on the quality of the papers included in the review, thereby enabling a complete overview of the field. Results Of 4481 publications retrieved, 386 met the eligibility criteria for this study. These publications covered a wide range of conditions, but the majority were based on one or only a small number of neurological conditions. In particular, publications concerned with three discrete areas of neurological practice - multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy/seizure and Parkinson’s disease - accounted for 60% of the total. MS was the focus of the highest proportion of eligible studies (35%), yet in the recent Global Burden of Neurological Disease study it ranks only 14th out of 15 neurological disorders for DALY rates. In contrast, migraine is the neurological disorder with the highest ranking of DALYs globally (after stroke) and yet it was represented by only 4% of eligible studies. Conclusion This review shows that there is a disproportionately large body of literature pertaining to relatively rare disorders, and a correspondingly small body of literature describing more common conditions. Therefore, there is potential for future research to redress this balance.

A Bio-Bibliography of Franciscan Authors in Colonial Central America

1952 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-473
Author(s):  
Eleanor B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Activities

In the long story of the Hispanicization of Central America, the civilizing role of the regular clergy plays a major part. The difficulties of their task cannot be overestimated. Laboring in harsh and alien lands, the friars faced the problem of teaching the Christian religion and European concepts of morality to men reared in ancient and powerful religious traditions of their own which permeated every aspect of their daily lives. The conversion and indoctrination of these pagan peoples required unremitting effort, often under conditions of extreme physical hardship and mental anguish. The general history of the heroic labors and achievement of the Religious Orders is well known. But it is not perhaps as widely realized how many active missionaries also found time for study and writing that resulted in a large body of literature covering a wide range of subject matter, from works on the native languages and culture inspired by the urgent needs of the missionary program to erudite theological treatises. This bibliography of the Franciscan writers who flourished in the Yucatan and Guatemala areas during the colonial period has been compiled in the hope that it may shed more light on the scope of the intellectual activities of the missionary religious and be useful as a reference tool for future research.

Hydro-Social Interactions in the Arsenic Hotspot Regions of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-370
Author(s):  
Avinash Ranjan ◽  
◽  
Kajal Kumar Mandal ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Muraree Lal Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Burdens ◽  
Proper Consideration

Water is a precious gift of nature provided to humans to sustain on the surface of the earth. Overexploitation of this fundamental resource in an unsustainable manner has deteriorated its natural state. Today, billions of people around the world do not have drinking water on their premises. A large proportion of this limited resource is contaminated and is not fit for consumption. An elevated level of arsenic in the ground waters is one of the worst anthropogenically produced disasters ever. It is one of the contaminants of water resources, which is both naturally present and anthropogenically produced. It is termed as “the king of poison” due to its high toxicity. It has taken more lives than any other toxicity on the earth. More than one billion people in India are currently affected by arsenic-contaminated water and its manifested diseases, particularly in the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna Plains. It has produced a wide range of difficulties for the inhabitant in the affected areas, including health problems, social problems, and economic problems. There are ample studies available dealing with health burdens arising out of consuming arsenic-contaminated water. Still, there is a shortage of studies concentrating on the socioeconomic issues arising out of it. This paper reviews all the previous works on arsenic contamination and related problems. It emphasizes the socio-economic aspects of the problem and analyzes India's arsenic hotspot regions. The study points out that arsenic has put health burdens on the inhabitant and created many interrelated socio-economic issues that need to be taken into proper consideration for future research.

“Drama” in Interpersonal Conflict and Interactions Among Emerging Adults: A Qualitative Focus Group Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. G. Smith ◽  
Patti A. Timmons Fritz ◽  
Samantha Daskaluk
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Focus Group Study ◽  
Wide Range

Drama is a term used in popular culture to refer to interpersonal conflict that arises when individuals overreact to events and are overly emotional. The current study investigated emerging adults’ perspectives of drama, the context in which it occurs, and how drama relates to similar social interactions such as conflict, bullying, and relational aggression. University students ( N = 53; 18–25 years old) participated in eight same-sex focus groups. Using thematic analysis, seven main themes were found, suggesting that “drama” (a) refers to a wide range of situations, (b) is often associated with negative social interactions, and (c) harm and consequences, (d) is generally perceived as unnecessary, (e) exaggerated, and (f) involving females, and (g) frequently offers a learning experience. Findings suggest that future research should continue to explore drama as its own construct and that drama should be addressed more formally given how youth may be impacted by such incidents.

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