Effect of Bone Density of the Head on Total Body Dexa Measurements in 100 Healthy Swedish Women

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1P1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brismar ◽  
H. Ringertz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Bone Mineral Measurements ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
Total Body

Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the bone areal density of the head and how it varied in relation to the density of the rest of the skeleton, and with age, and body mass index (BMI). Our intention was to study the feasibility of excluding the head from the rest of the body, a method which might improve the fracture prediction power of bone mineral measurements. Material and Methods: Bone mineral per area (BMA) and bone mineral content (BMC) (g) were determined in 100 consecutive female volunteers, aged 17 to 78 years, with total and partial body measurements. Results: BMC of the head was found to be 20.2±2.2% of that for the total body. The BMA of the head was 2.38±0.21 times higher than that of the rest of the body. The correlation between the BMA of the head and the rest of the body was significant (r=0.73). The average change in z-score (referred to the same age group in our material) was 0.20 when the head was excluded from total body BMA. The BMA of a) total body, b) total body, head excluded, and c) head decreased with age. The BMA of the head was correlated to BMI in the older age groups (p<0.01). The relative statistical uncertainty for repeated measurement of head BMA was 1.8%. Conclusion: The change of the bone density of the head with age and BMI, in comparison to that of the rest of the skeleton, suggests that when the head is excluded from total body BMA better predictive value for fracture risk is obtained.

scholarly journals Body composition of piglets exhibiting different growth rates

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
T. G. Ramsay ◽  
T. J. Caperna ◽  
A. M. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Composition Measurement ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. The growth and composition of the neonatal pig is of interest because of potential impact on subsequent growth and finally, composition at market weight. The purpose of this study was to compare at weaning the growth and body composition of the largest and smallest pigs from each of 38 litters. At weaning (27±1.7 d) the largest (9.3±1.1 kg) and smallest (6.2±1.5 kg) pigs were selected for body composition measurement by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The body composition of the largest pigs consisted of 38 % more fat, 32 % more lean, and 29 % more bone mineral content (P<0.001). However, when expressed as a percentage of body weight, there was no difference in the fat, lean or bone mineral content content of the two groups of pigs (P>0.05). A second study consisted of 12 pairs of pigs from 8 litters that were selected on the basis of having the same birth weight, but one pig out gaining the other by at least 50 g/day. At 21 days of age the selected pigs were scanned by DXA. For both groups combined, the correlation (r) between body weight and lean mass was 0.99, between body weight and fat mass it was 0.87, and between body weight at birth and body weight at weaning it was 0.56. The results of these studies revealed that, at weaning, the fastest and slowest growing pigs had similar proportions of fat, lean and bone mineral and, consistent with previous results, the rates of both fat and lean deposition were highly correlated (P<0.001) with total body growth rate.

scholarly journals Calcium requirements for bone growth in Canadian boys and girls during adolescence

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassanali Vatanparast ◽  
Donald A. Bailey ◽  
Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones ◽  
Susan J. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Mineral Accrual ◽  
Body Bone

Adequate dietary intake during the growth period is critical for bone mineral accretion. In 1997, an adequate intake (AI) of 1300 mg/d Ca was set for North American adolescents aged 9–18 years based on best available data. We determined bone Ca accrual values from age 9 to 18 years taking into account sex and maturity. Furthermore, we used the accrual data to estimate adolescents' Ca requirements. Total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) of eighty-five boys and sixty-seven girls participating in the Saskatchewan Paediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study were used to determine annual TBBMC accumulation over the pubertal growth period. Using a similar factorial approach as the AI, we estimated Ca requirements of adolescent boys and girls for two age groups: 9–13 and 14–18 years. Between 9 and 18 years, boys accrued 198·8 (sd74·5) g bone mineral content (BMC) per year, equivalent to 175·4 (sd65·7) mg Ca per d with the maximum BMC accrual of 335·9 g from age 13 to 14 years. Girls had 138·1 (sd64·2) g BMC per year, equalling121·8 (sd56·6) mg Ca per d with the maximum annual BMC accrual of 266·0 g from age 12 to 13 years. Differences were observed between both sex and age groups with respect to Ca needs: boys and girls aged 9–13 years would require 1000–1100 mg/d Ca, and from age 14 to 18 years, the mean Ca requirements would be relatively stable at 1000 mg/d for girls but would rise to 1200 mg/d for boys.

Assessing total body protein, mineral, and bone mineral content from total body water and body density

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1837-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Siconolfi ◽  
R. J. Gretebeck ◽  
W. W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
3C Model

We hypothesized that investigators could assess bone mineral content (BMC), total body mineral (M), and protein (P) from body water (W) and density (DB) based on the theory of W. E. Siri (Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, 1956, p. 239–280 and Techniques for Measuring Body Composition, 1961, p. 223–224) for body composition analysis. Siri used one or more of the body components and the densities of the body, fat (F), W, M, and P to estimate one of the remaining fractional masses. We compared M, BMC, P. F, and fat-free mass (FFM) in 31 subjects (15 women and 16 men) computed from measurements of W and DB with [4-compartment (4C) model] and without [3-compartment (3C) model] BMC (from dual X-ray absorptiometry). 4C model P was calculated by difference (P = FFM - W - M). Mean difference (P > 0.05) ranged from 0.1 to 0.8%. Correlations [+/- standard error of estimate (%)] between 4C and 3C model values were significant (r = 0.907 +/- 8.8, 0.907 +/- 8.7, 0.969 +/- 6.6, 0.998 +/- 2.0, and 0.999 +/- 0.7% for M, BMC, P, F, and FFM, respectively). We concluded that investigators can assess M, BMC, and P from W and DB.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density Measurements: Are they Worth While?

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Torgerson ◽  
C Donaldson ◽  
D M Reid
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Bone Density Measurement ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Bone Mineral Measurements

Bone mineral density measurements have been criticized on the grounds that they are not a worth-while screening tool. In this paper we argue that bone mineral measurements can be an efficient diagnostic tool even if they are not of proven value for screening. There is complex relationship between the costs of a measurement, the intervention and the predictive value of the test all of which must be accounted for when assessing the value of a bone density measurement. For bone density measurements to be used for screening, a wider evaluation needs to be undertaken compared with that for their use as a diagnostic tool. We address some common objections, for example, that low compliance with screening would undermine efficiency, and show that these are not relevant. Evaluations of screening need to address issues that are likely to affect efficiency.

scholarly journals The Positive Relationship between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Content Is Not Mediated by Free Leptin Index in Prepubertal Children: The PANIC Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5365
Author(s):  
Annie M. Constable ◽  
Josie E. Porter ◽  
Danielle Benger ◽  
Dimitris Vlachopoulos ◽  
Alan R. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, mediated the relationship between accelerometer-measured MVPA and TBLH BMC measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: MVPA had a positive controlled direct effect on TBLH BMC in girls and boys (β = 0.010 to 0.011, p < 0.05). There was no mediation or interaction between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC in girls or boys (β = −0.000 to 0.001, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that MVPA positively influences TBLH BMC through pathways not related to free leptin index in predominantly normal-weight prepubertal children, likely primarily through mechanical loading. The relationships between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC may be influenced by other factors such as pubertal status and adiposity, so it is unknown whether these observations extend to overweight and obese children at different stages of puberty.

scholarly journals Sodium loading, treadmill walking, and the acute redistribution of bone mineral content on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. R59-R67
Author(s):  
Tamara Hew-Butler ◽  
Kailyn Angelakos ◽  
Joshua Szczepanski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of this study was to assess relationships between plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]) and bone mineral content (BMC) after an acute sodium load plus treadmill walking and then quantify the amount of sodium the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan could detect. The primary study was a single-blind randomized control crossover trial under two conditions: ingestion of six flour tablets (placebo trial) or six 1-g NaCl tablets (salt intervention trial). The tablets were ingested after baseline blood and urine collection followed immediately by the DXA scan. After 60 min of rest, a 45-min treadmill walk was conducted. Immediately postexercise, blood and urine were collected and the DXA scan was repeated. Main outcomes included changes (∆: post minus pre) in plasma [Na+] and BMC. Additionally, six 1-g NaCl tablets were superimposed over a DXA spine phantom for separate quantification of sodium as BMC. Fourteen subjects completed the primary study. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests revealed significant interaction ( F = 13.06; P = 0.0007), condition ( F = 21.88; P < 0.001), and time ( F = 6.51; P = 0.014) effects in plasma [Na+]. A significant condition ( F = 6.46; P = 0.014) effect was also noted in urine [Na+]. Total body BMC∆ was negatively correlated with plasma [Na+]∆ ( r = −0.43; P = 0.02) and urine [Na+]∆ ( r = −0.47; P = 0.01). Total body BMC∆ in the salt intervention trial [−5.5 (27) g] closely approximated the amount of NaCl ingested and subsequently absorbed into the bloodstream. The DXA scan quantified 67% of NaCl tablets as BMC in spine phantom analyses. Total body BMC∆ was negatively related to plasma and urine [Na+]∆ after treadmill walking. Reductions in total body BMC closely approximated the amount of NaCl ingested (~6 g). The DXA scan quantified NaCl as BMC.

TOTAL BODY BONE MINERAL CONTENT AND DENSITY IN MALES AND FEMALES AGED 10???80 YEARS

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Fehling ◽  
R. J. Stillman ◽  
K. A. Boileau ◽  
M. H. Slaughter ◽  
J. L. Clasey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Bone
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