Antioxidant Effect of α-Tocopherol on Fracture Haematoma in Rabbits

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
K DUrak ◽  
Ö F Bilgen ◽  
T Kaleli ◽  
P Tuncel ◽  
R Özbek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

In this study, the effect of free oxygen radicals on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant role of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) in these reactions were investigated in haematoma fluid and venous blood samples in rabbits with femoral fracture. There were 21 male rabbits, divided into 3 groups. Conjugated dienes values (as optical density) were compared in venous blood of the rabbits in Group I taken preanaesthesia and after the onset of anaesthesia and the difference between these values proved to be insignificant ( P > 0.05). A control group (Group 2) was given saline before fracture occurrence and the other group (Group 3) was injected with α-tocopherol 20 mg/kg intramuscularly. Venous blood samples and fracture haematoma fluids in both Group 2 and Group 3 were assayed biochemically. It was established that conjugated dienes values in fracture haematoma fluid in rabbits in the control group were higher than the values in the venous blood of the rabbits in the same group (P < 0.05). However, conjugated dienes values in the a-tocopherol injected group both in the haematoma fluid and in venous blood were reduced compared with those in the control group ( P < 0.5). In view of the fact that ischaemia and reperfusion develop in fractured regions and that general body ischaemia develops following serious fractures of the extremities, we consider that prophylactic administration of antioxidants such as α-tocopherol may be beneficial in suppressing the destructive effects of free oxygen radicals in cells.

Free Radicals and Scavenging Enzymes in Chronic Tonsillitis

2003 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Kaygusuz ◽  
Nevin Ilhan ◽  
Turgut Karlidag ◽  
Erol Keles ◽  
Sinasi Yalçin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tonsil Tissue ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to define the relationship between chronic tonsillitis and levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in free radical and antioxidant forms. It is suggested that free oxygen radicals may play a role in chronic tonsillitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-four patients were enrolled in the study. Tonsillectomy was performed via the usual dissection-snare method. Venous blood was taken preoperatively and at 2 weeks postoperatively. Blood samples and tonsil specimens were evaluated for malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase analysis. RESULTS: The levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in plasma were compared preoperatively and postoperatively, and there were statistically significant differences between these levels ( P < 0.05). In contrast, the levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in tonsil tissue were not correlated with the plasma levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in pretonsillectomy and posttonsillectomy terms ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in plasma and tonsil tissue reinforces the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of chronic tonsillitis.

Free oxygen radicals are generated at the time of aspiration of oocytes from ovaries that have been stored for a long time

Zygote ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisataka Iwata ◽  
Mayuko Ohota ◽  
Syu Hashimoto ◽  
Yoshiharu Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chromatin Configuration ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Oocyte Aspiration ◽  
Polar Body Extrusion

In ischaemic tissues, reperfusion induces acute injury and functional changes. In this work, ovaries were stored for various times, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dimethylthiourea (DTMU) were used at the time of oocyte aspiration. We then attempted to determine whether free oxygen radicals are generated at oocyte aspiration and whether they impair the developmental competence of oocytes. Over 2 mM of DMTU and 1000 U/ml of SOD significantly improved the rate of blastulation 8 days after insemination. For ovaries that were preserved for 3 and 7 h, using antioxidants also significantly improved the rate of blastulation 8 days after insemination. However, no effect was observed on oocytes from ovaries preserved for 1 h. We examined how the antioxidants affected the presence of germinal vesicles, chromatin configuration, and polar body extrusion 6 or 21 h after culture. Chromatin configuration was classified into three groups according to the amount of chromatin condensation (group 1, strong condensation; group 2, moderate; group 3, slight). Storing ovaries for a long time decreased the frequency of occurrence of group 2, but increased groups 1 and 3. However, using antioxidants at oocyte aspiration decreased the frequency of group 3 and increased group 1. Moreover, there was no difference in the rate of germinal vesicle breakdown and polar body extrusion. Our results show that preserving ovaries for a long time induces the generation of free oxygen radicals and that these chemicals impair oocyte viability. Using antioxidants at oocyte aspiration was beneficial for embryo production.

scholarly journals Effect of quercetin on histamine induced gastric ulcers in male guinea pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Narayanamurthy ◽  
Ranjani Jayachandran ◽  
Sudar Codi Ramarajan ◽  
Manimekalai Kumarappan
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Group I ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Peptic ulcer disease is the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases caused by an imbalance between gastric stimulant or aggressive factors and the mucosal defensive factors. The defence of flavonoids against the tissue oxidative stress is being proved in various animal models for wide pharmacological effects. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of quercetin in histamine induced gastric ulcers.Methods: Male guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups (n=6). Group I includes normal control. Group 2, 3 and 4 were induced gastric ulcers with histamine as intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Group 2 serves as the gastric ulcer control. Group 3 and Group 4 are pre-treated with quercetin 200 mg/kg per orally (PO) and ranitidine 100 mg/kg PO respectively 45mins before histamine injection. After 4 hours of histamine injection, the animals were sacrificed to collect blood samples and stomach tissue for estimation of plasma and tissue antioxidant levels.Results: On estimation of antioxidant levels both in plasma and stomach tissues the SOD and CAT levels increased in the Group 3 and 4 significantly and also a significant reduction in MDA levels were noted in the Group 3 and 4 compared to the gastric ulcer control group.Conclusions: Hence, with flavonoids quercetin utilization in histamine induced gastric ulcers, the antioxidants showed comparative levels with ranitidine treatment groups. So a permanent cure for the chronic gastric ulcers could be proved in further studies as this is the milestone, tough to achieve in general clinical practice.

Indonesian Propolis Extractattenuates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Induced Renal Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Blood Pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanto A. ◽  
Purwanto B. ◽  
Mudigdo A. ◽  
Suroto Suroto
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ureteral Obstruction ◽  
Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Ureteral obstruction may result in permanent kidney damage. Research suggests that the Indonesian Propolis Extract (IPE) play a strong role on free oxygen radicals removal and prevents oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of IPE on malondialdehyde (MDA) reduction and systolic blood pressure (SBP) level down-regulationafter unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 as control, Group 2 were rats with UUO, Group 3 were rats with UUO that were given IPE (oral 50 mg kg-1body weight) and Group 4 were rats with UUO that were given IPE (oral 100 mgkg-1 body weight). SBP level were measured once every week within duration of experiment and at day30 blood sample were taken for Malondialdehyde analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance. There were statistically significant increase in MDA and blood pressure in Group 2, while there were significant decrease for MDA and blood pressure in Group 3 and 4 (p less than 0.001). In this experiment we suggest that IPE prevents kidney damage by decreasing oxidative stress (MDA) and SBP.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERICAL POTENCY OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AND PROPOLIS MIXTURE ON MIXED BACTERIA OF CARIOUS DENTIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ruslan Effendy ◽  
Vita Ariesta ◽  
Widya Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Carious Dentine ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Mixed Bacteria ◽  
Group 2

Background: Calcium hydroxide has been known as the gold standard of pulp capping process, but still has some weaknesses such as a pH that is too high to be potentially toxic, resistant to certain bacteria, causing necrosis of the pulp, and causing a tunnel defect. This weakness causes researchers to look for alternative ingredients that have antibacterical properties that can be combined with calcium hydroxide. Propolis has antibacterial properties such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids which can work as the best carrier that allows dissociation of ions from calcium hydroxide so the combination of both that has antibacterial power is expected to have an effective antibacterial potency against the number of bacterial colonization with mixed dentine carious. Aims: This study aims to determine the antibacterial potency produced by a combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis against mixed bacteria of carious dentine. Methods: The research was carried out using 4 treatment groups with each of 7 samples. Group I is a combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis with a ratio of 1: 1, group 2 with a ratio of 1: 1.5, group 3 with a ratio of 1: 2, and a positive control group. Each sample was put into a suspense of mixed bacteria of carious dentine, grown for 24 hours. Suspense is vortexed for 1 minute so the solution becomes homogeneous. Put 0.1 ml of suspended mixed bacteria of dentine carious from BHIB media, grown for 24 hours on MHA media and counted the number of colonies. Results: The highest number of colonies in the positive control group, then group 1, group 2, and the least number of colonies in group 3 with the most extract of propolis. Conclusion: The combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis with a ratio of 1: 2 has the best antibacterial power in inhibiting colonization of mixed bacteria of carious dentine.

scholarly journals Effects of a highly concentrated platelet-rich plasma on the bone repair using non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Paulo Afonso Nunes Nassif ◽  
Osvaldo Malafaia ◽  
Jurandir Marcondes Ribas Filho ◽  
Carmen Austrália Paredes Marcondes Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To verify the effect of highly concentrated platelet-rich plasma (hPRP) in the pathways of bone repair using non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits. METHODS: The hPRP was produced from collected venous blood of 21 rabbits. Four non-critical defects of 8 mm in diameter were created on the calvaria of each animal. The defects were all treated differently: autogenous particled bone (APB, group 1), autogenous particled bone associated with hPRP (APB + hPRP, group 2), isolated hPRP (group 3), and blood clot (control, group 4). Animals were submitted to euthanasia on the 2nd, 4th and 6th week postoperatively. Histological and histomorphometric analysis were carried through. RESULTS: After two weeks, groups 1 and 2 were in more advanced stage of repair than 3 and 4. At this period, comparing the groups 1 and 2, no significant differences were found between both, which also happened between the groups 3 and 4. However, after four and six weeks, the group 1 showed a more advanced stage of repair among all the other studied groups, while group 2 was in more advanced signs of bone repair than groups 3 and 4. Comparing groups 3 and 4, after four and six weeks, the least advanced stage of bone repair was found to be within group 3. CONCLUSION: The use of a highly concentrated PRP was considered prejudicial to the repair of non-critical defects in the calvaria of rabbits, either in the association of autogenous particled bone, when compared to autogenous particled bone alone, or in its isolated form, when compared to blood clot (control).

scholarly journals Increased Oxidative Stress in Injured and Ill Elite International Olympic Rowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan A. Lewis ◽  
Andrew J. Simpkin ◽  
Sarah Moseley ◽  
Gareth Turner ◽  
Mark Homer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Background: Identifying strategies that reduce the risk of illness and injury is an objective of sports science and medicine teams. No studies have examined the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and illness or injury in international athletes undergoing periods of intensified training and competition. Purpose: The authors aimed to identify relationships between illness, injury, and OS. Methods: A longitudinal, observational study of elite male rowers (n = 10) was conducted over 18 weeks, leading into World Championships. Following a recovery day and a 12-hour fast, hydroperoxides (free oxygen radicals test) and total antioxidant capacity (free oxygen radicals defense) were measured in venous blood, with the ratio calculated as the oxidative stress index (OSI). At all study time points, athletes were independently dichotomized as ill or not ill, injured or not injured. OS data were compared between groups using independent t tests. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association of OS with injury and illness while adjusting for age and body mass index. Results: Free oxygen radicals defense was lower (P < .02) and OSI was higher (P < .001) with illness than without illness. Free oxygen radicals test and OSI were higher with injury than without injury (P < .001). A 0.5 mmol·L−1 increase in free oxygen radicals defense was associated with a 30.6% illness risk reduction (95% confidence interval, 7%–48%, P = .014), whereas 0.5 unit increase in OSI was related to a 11.3% increased illness risk (95% confidence interval, 1%–23%, P = .036). Conclusions: OS is increased in injured and ill athletes. Monitoring OS may be advantageous in assessing recovery from and in reducing injury and illness risk given the association.

The Dinitrophenol and Potassium Iodate Influence on Hordeum Vulgare Seedlings Viability\

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2160-2166
Author(s):  
Elena Todirascu Ciornea ◽  
Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Ion Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Potassium Iodate ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Oxidative Stress Enzymes ◽  
Stress Enzymes ◽  
Seeds Germination

The using of the pesticides of dinitrophenol type in agriculture has as consequence the major pollution of the environment, the plants taking these substances from the soil and once with these ones they reach in the human and animal organism where they product disequilibrium that are interpreted through the accumulation of free oxygen radicals with direct repercussions on the antioxidant enzyme�s synthesis intensification and on their activity�s increase. The apply of treatments on the barley seeds had significant effects regarding the seeds� germination, the young plants� growth, the oxidative stress enzymes� activity, but also regarding the content of photoassimilators and carotenoids pigments.

Cholinesterase Activities and Oxidative Stress in Cattle Experimentally Exposed to Nitrate/Nitrite in Cultivated Pasture with Different Fertilization Schemes

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Christ ◽  
Aleksandro Schafer Da Silva ◽  
Mateus Eloir Grabriel ◽  
Luan Cleber Henker ◽  
Renan Augusto Cechin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cholinesterase Activities ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Group 1

  Background: Nitrate and nitrite poisoning is associated with pasture intake that has high nitrate levels and leads to acute methemoglobinemia. Pasture may accumulate nitrate under certain conditions, such as excessively fertilized soil or en­vironmental conditions that enhance the N absorption (rain preceded by a period of drought). After ingestion of plants, this substrate reaches the rumen and, in physiological conditions, is reduced to nitrite and afterward to ammonia. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in cholinesterase activities and oxidative stress caused by subclinical poisoning for nitrate and nitrite in cattle fed with Pennisetum glaucum in three different fertilization schemes. Materials, Methods & Results: In order to perform the experimental poisoning, the pasture was cultivated in three dif­ferent paddocks: with nitrogen topdressing (urea; group 1), organic fertilizer (group 2) or without fertilizer (group 3; control). Nitrate accumulation in forage was evaluated by the diphenylamine test. After food fasting of 12 h, nine bovine were randomly allocated to one of the experimental groups and fed with fresh forage (ad libitum) from respective pad­dock. In different time points from beginning of pasture intake (0, 2, 4, 6 and 9 h) heart rate and respiratory frequency were assessed, as well as mucous membrane color and behavioral changes. Blood samples from jugular vein into vials with and without anticoagulant were collected. From blood samples, serum nitrite levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme activity were evaluated, as well as oxidative stress through the following param­eters: levels of nitrate/nitrite (NOx), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), beyond the antioxidant system by enzyme activity measurement of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The diphenylamine test was positive to group 1 and 2, so that the pasture presented 3.16 mg/kg, 2.98 mg/kg and 1.67 mg/kg of nitrate for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, cows from group 1 demonstrated increased (P < 0.05) nitrite levels in serum, compared to other groups, and greater heart rate after 9 h (P < 0.05). The AChE and BChE activity in group 1 showed significant increase (P < 0.05) at 4 and 6 h (AChE), and 4 and 9 h (BChE) compared to group 3. Also, NOx levels were lower at 6 and 9 h (P < 0.05) and at 9 h (P < 0.05) for animals of group 1 and 2, respectively, when compared to group 3. Furthermore, in the group 1 levels of ROS and TBARS were significantly higher (P < 0.05) after 2 and 4 h, and 6 and 9 h compared to other groups, respectively. The CAT activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) with 2 and 4 h of the experiment, but on the other hand, decreased at 6 and 9 h in group 1. Nevertheless, the animals from group 2 presented only a significant reduction in this enzyme activity at 9 h. Furthermore, SOD activity was reduced in animals of groups 1 (P < 0.05) at 4, 6 and 9 h, compared to other groups. Discussion: It was concluded that the nitrate and nitrite poisoning by pasture intake cultivated and fertilized with urea leads to increased levels of serum nitrite, as well as the cholinesterase activity and causes oxidative stress in cattle. It is conjectured that the cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress may assist in understanding the pathophysiology of changes caused by poisoning.Keywords: plant toxicology, poisoning, methemoglobin, cholinergic system, oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Antioxidant Metalloenzymes and Therapeutic Strategies

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Pavlína Hemerková ◽  
Martin Vališ
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Sporadic Als ◽  
Familial Form ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brainstem and spinal cord and leads to death due to respiratory failure within three to five years. Although the clinical symptoms of this disease were first described in 1869 and it is the most common motor neuron disease and the most common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged individuals, the exact etiopathogenesis of ALS remains unclear and it remains incurable. However, free oxygen radicals (i.e., molecules containing one or more free electrons) are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease as they very readily bind intracellular structures, leading to functional impairment. Antioxidant enzymes, which are often metalloenzymes, inactivate free oxygen radicals by converting them into a less harmful substance. One of the most important antioxidant enzymes is Cu2+Zn2+ superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which is mutated in 20% of cases of the familial form of ALS (fALS) and up to 7% of sporadic ALS (sALS) cases. In addition, the proper functioning of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is essential for antioxidant protection. In this review article, we focus on the mechanisms through which these enzymes are involved in the antioxidant response to oxidative stress and thus the pathogenesis of ALS and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document