Volume-controlled Bronchopulmonary Lavage of Normal and Pneumonic Calves

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Lay ◽  
D. O. Slauson ◽  
W. L. Castleman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Cell Yield ◽  
The Right ◽  
Volume Controlled ◽  
Lung Lobes

Saline bronchopulmonary lavage of the right lung of 16 anesthetized calves was performed using a single-lumen cuffed endotracheal tube. The initial volume of saline introduced was based on the functional residual capacity (FRC) of the right lung lobes as determined from the proportional weights of the right (58% of total FRC) and left (42% of total FRC) lung lobes. Calves were divided into “pneumonic” and “normal” groups based on clinical signs. Five sequential washes were done on each calf. There was no difference in the percentage of total lavage fluid volume recoverable between normal (83.8 ± 4.2%) and pneumonic (81.1 ± 8.2%) calves. Cell yield in the initial wash was consistently greater than in subsequent washes for both normal (12.7 ± 6.6 × 106 cells/kg body weight) and pneumonic (58.1 ± 37.6 × 106 cells/kg body weight) calves, and constituted 62.0% (normal) and 75.4% (pneumonic) of the total recoverable cell yield. Total cell yields were higher ( P < 0.05) in pneumonic calves, primarily due to neutrophil leukocytes (PMN). Neutrophils constituted 53.7 ± 25% of the total cell yield in the pneumonic calves, but only 12.3 ± 9.5% in the normal calves. The pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) was the major recoverable cell in normal calves (85.7 ± 8.7% of total lavage cells). Macrophages constituted a smaller (42.9 ±23.5) percentage of the total lavage cells in the pneumonic group due to increased PMN numbers. Viability of recovered cells from the pneumonic calves (91.5 ± 4.8%) was lower than for the normal calves (94.1 ± 2.5%), but the difference was not significant. Volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage proved to be a safe, simple technique producing an abundant yield of viable cells from both normal and pneumonic calves for in vitro study.

scholarly journals P1591Assessment of flow disturbances in the right ventricle: an in vitro study using a novel heart model

EP Europace ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii339-iii339
Author(s):  
U. Gulan ◽  
AM. Saguner ◽  
D. Akdis ◽  
C. Brunckhorst ◽  
M. Holzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Heart Model ◽  
Flow Disturbances ◽  
The Right

Constrictive Bronchiolitis Obliterans in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Lynn Wylie ◽  
Daniel Langlois ◽  
Stephan Carey ◽  
Nathan C. Nelson ◽  
Kurt J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Airway Lumen ◽  
Alveolar Collapse ◽  
Airway Pathology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lung Lobes

ABSTRACTA 2 yr old, neutered male rottweiler was evaluated for a chronic cough that had acutely worsened. Computed tomographic examination revealed a diffuse alveolar pattern in the right, middle, and left cranial lung lobes. Aerated parenchymal tissue was not observed in the left cranial lung lobe, and both lobes were markedly decreased in volume. Lobectomy of the right middle and left cranial lung lobes was performed. Histopathologic examination of both lungs identified alveolar collapse associated with marked chronic bronchial and bronchiolar luminal concentric fibrosis leading to reduced airway lumen diameter and bronchiolar destruction. The clinical signs and airway pathology were consistent with constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans. The dog remained stable for over 2 yr with glucocorticoid therapy and intermittent antimicrobics. Although the polypoid form of bronchiolitis obliterans has been described in cattle and occasionally in dogs, constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans has not been reported previously in veterinary species.

scholarly journals P2834An in vitro study on the influence of increased heart rate on the right ventricular kinetic energy and shear stresses

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Gulan ◽  
A M Saguner ◽  
D Akdis ◽  
A Denegri ◽  
M X Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
The Right

Abnormal Action Potential Responses to Halothane in Heart Muscle Isolated from Malignant Hyperthermia-susceptible Pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-953. ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Roewer ◽  
Clemens Greim ◽  
Eckhart Rumberger ◽  
Jochen Schulte am Esch
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Cardiac Symptoms ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmias ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptible ◽  
The Right

Background During human and porcine malignant hyperthermia (MH), cardiac dysrhythmias and altered myocardial function can be observed. It is unknown whether a primary abnormality in cardiac muscle contributes to the cardiac symptoms during MH. An abnormal response to halothane has recently been demonstrated in action potentials (APs) from MH-susceptible (MHS) human skeletal muscles. We investigated the electrophysiologic properties in trabeculae isolated from the right ventricles of normal (MHN) and MHS pigs. Methods The experiments were performed on electrically stimulated (1 Hz) trabeculae isolated from the right ventricles of MHS and MHN pigs. Resting membrane potentials, APs, and tension were measured with and without the presence of 1% halothane. In addition, the halothane-equilibrated muscles were exposed to caffeine in increasing doses (1, 2, and 4 mM). Results In the absence of halothane, resting potential and AP characteristics in MHS and MHN muscles did not differ significantly. Halothane did not alter resting potentials but produced different alterations in the APs in MHS and MHN muscles, whereas the decrease in twitch tension was identical. In contrast to reductions in the AP amplitude and duration in MHN muscle, halothane produced an enlargement of the APs in MHS muscle. The addition of caffeine caused nearly identical prolongations of AP duration in MHS and MHN muscles. Conclusions This in vitro study demonstrates that halothane produces abnormal alterations in the dynamic electric properties of the ventricular excitable membrane from MHS pigs. These results suggest a latent defect in the myocardium of MHS pigs that becomes apparent in the presence of MH-triggering agents.

scholarly journals Friction Forces during Sliding of Various Brackets for Malaligned Teeth: An In Vitro Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Crincoli ◽  
Letizia Perillo ◽  
Maria Beatrice Di Bisceglie ◽  
Antonio Balsamo ◽  
Vitaliano Serpico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Orthodontic Wire ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Sliding Mechanics

Aims. To measure the friction force generated during sliding mechanics with conventional, self-ligating (Damon 3 mx, Smart Clip, and Time 3) and low-friction (Synergy) brackets using different archwire diameters and ligating systems in the presence of apical and buccal malalignments of the canine.Methods. An experimental setup reproducing the right buccal segment of the maxillary arch was designed to measure the friction force generated at the bracket/wire and wire/ligature interfaces of different brackets. A complete factorial plan was drawn up and a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to investigate whether the following factors affect the values of friction force: (i) degree of malalignment, (ii) diameter of the orthodontic wire, and (iii) bracket/ligature combination. Tukey post hoc test was also conducted to evaluate any statistically significant differences between the bracket/ligature combinations analyzed.Results. ANOVA showed that all the above factors affect the friction force values. The friction force released during sliding mechanics with conventional brackets is about 5-6times higher than that released with the other investigated brackets. A quasilinear increase of the frictional forces was observed for increasing amounts of apical and buccal malalignments.Conclusion. The Synergy bracket with silicone ligature placed around the inner tie-wings appears to yield the best performance.

scholarly journals Utilization Of Nano Ethanolic Extract Combination Chamber Bitter (Phyllanthus Niruri L.) And Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) As A Natural Immunomodulator In Nanoherbal Development, In Silico And In Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Kadek Hendra Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

The Filantin compounds in chamber bitter (<em>Phyllanthus niruri</em> L.) and lectin in garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) was proven as immunomudulatory agents through interaction with <em>Toll-Like Reseptors</em> (TLR) which have role in innate immune responds. Immunomodulators drug available on the market still have many shortcomings such as the low potential. Drug developing by nanotechnology is the right solution to increase the potential of the drug by increasing the absorption and minimize the dose. This research aimed to know the interaction of filantin and lectin with TLR2-TLR1 receptors through <em>molecular docking</em> and produce the nanoemulsion combination of chamber bitter and garlic ethanolic extracts that have phagocytosis activity. <em>In silico </em>assay through <em>molecular docking</em> showed that filantin has affinity for binding to TLR2-TLR1, docking score of lectin (-33,5389) was lower than the filantin (-31.5112). That means lectin has higher affinity for binding to TLR2-TLR1. Nanoemulsion was formulated by SNEDDS methods with composition of co-surfactant: surfactant: oil is 1: 5,25: 1. The nanoemulsion stable at 0,414% (w/v). <em>In vitro</em> assay of phagocytic index (5,03) and ratio (95%) showed that the formulation with nanoemulsion of the combination has higher phagocyte index and ratio than the formulation without nanoemulsion or even the positive controls.

In Vitro Study of Flow Regulation for Pulmonary Insufficiency Using Diode Valves

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany A. Camp ◽  
Stephanie Hequembourg ◽  
Richard S. Figliola ◽  
Tim McQuinn
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Pulmonary Regurgitation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Pulmonary Insufficiency ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Mock Circulatory System ◽  
The Right

The operating pressures in the right heart are significantly lower than those of the left heart and with marked differences in the circulation impedances. The pulmonary circulation shows a tolerance for mild regurgitation and pressure gradient [1]. Pulmonary regurgitation fractions on the order of 20% and transvalvular pressure gradients of less than 25mm Hg are considered mild [4]. Given this tolerance, we examine the concept of using a motionless valve to regulate flow in the pulmonary position. In a previous study, the use of fluid diodes was shown to be a promising concept for use as a pulmonary valve [2]. In this study, we test two different diode designs. For each diode valve, flow performance was documented as a function of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and compliance. Tests were done using a pulmonary mock circulatory system [3] over the normal adult range of PVR and compliance settings.

Novel Penicillium species causing disseminated disease in a Labrador Retriever dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Rothacker ◽  
Jared A Jaffey ◽  
Erin R Rogers ◽  
William H Fales ◽  
Connie F C Gibas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Labrador Retriever ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Lipid Complex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disseminated Disease

Abstract This report describes the phenotypic characteristics of a novel Penicillium species, Penicillium labradorum, isolated from a 3-year-old male, castrated, Labrador retriever with disseminated fungal disease. The dog's presenting clinical signs included lethargy, lymphadenopathy, tachypnea, moderate pitting edema, and nonweight bearing lameness associated with the right hind limb. Fine-needle aspirate biopsies from the sublumbar and prescapular lymph nodes were initially examined. The cytologic findings were consistent with pyogranulomatous inflammation with abundant extracellular and phagocytized fungal fragments and hyphae. Based on the morphology of the organisms and lack of endogenous pigment, hyalohyphomycosis was considered most likely, with Fusarium, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces species being considerations. Fungal isolates were obtained via culture of samples from the lymph nodes, and molecular identification testing originally identified an undescribed Penicillium species belonging to the Penicillium section Exilicaulis. BLAST searches and phylogenetic analyses performed approximately 1 year and 9 months after the isolation date revealed an isolate within the Penicillium parvum clade in the Penicillium section Exilicaulis but phylogenetically distant from the other species in the section, thus representing a new species, Penicillium labradorum. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also performed on the isolate and low minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed with terbinafine, voriconazole, and posaconazole, while in vitro resistance was observed with fluconazole. The dog had been previously treated with fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B lipid complex, voriconazole, and terbinafine. Approximately 587 days after the initial diagnosis, the dog was euthanized due to worsening of clinical signs and concerns for quality of life.

scholarly journals Making the right choice: Optimizing rt-PA and eptifibatide lysis, an in vitro study

2010 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. e305-e311 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Shaw ◽  
Jason M. Meunier ◽  
Christopher J. Lindsell ◽  
Arthur M. Pancioli ◽  
Christy K. Holland
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
The Right

Deformations During and Post Stenting of a Diseased Coronary Artery Phantom: An In Vitro Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Finn ◽  
Tim McGloughlin ◽  
Patrick Delassus ◽  
Liam Morris
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Coronary Stenting ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Right

World-wide, deaths from cardiovascular diseases exceed those caused by cancer, infectious disease and trauma [1]. Coronary stenting is an established treatment for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Although stents reduce restenosis rates in carefully selected lesions, in-stent restenosis remains a recognized clinical problem. Restenosis, defined as “the arterial healing response after injury during transluminal coronary revascularisation” [2], has been the principal drawback of coronary stenting since its conception nearly 30 years ago [3]. While there have been many studies on the short and long term effects of coronary artery stenting, less is known of the injury caused by the balloon and stent during the stenting process. The objective of this study is to fabricate compliant and morphologically realistic models of the right coronary artery (RCA) for preclinical bench-top testing of intraluminal stents, in diseased cases.

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