Prognostic Factors in Canine Mammary Tumors: A Multivariate Study of 202 Consecutive Cases

The prognostic variables of 223 consecutively sampled spontaneous mammary tumors from female dogs were studied. These variables included flow cytometric DNA analysis and cell proliferation measured as cells in S-phase rate evaluated from DNA histograms. The dogs were surgically treated, in most cases with unilateral mastectomy (all mammary glands), and 202 of the 223 dogs were studied temporally following surgery. Univariate analysis with correction for age indicated that the variables of lymph node metastasis, elevated S-phase rate, presence of a sarcoma, DNA aneuploidy, and ulceration and infiltrative growth into underlying tissue had a statistically significant negative influence on the survival rates of dogs with a diagnosed malignant tumor. Similar results were obtained from tests on all dogs, but tumor size and its relative hazard increased with increasing size of the tumors, regardless of whether total or disease-specific mortality was considered. Using multivariate-analysisconducted Cox's proportional hazards model, elevated S-phase rate, increased age, and presence of a sarcoma remained statistically significant risk factors. The prognostic value of DNA ploidy and lymph node status varied depending on choice of end point. The study of tumor growth pattern and tumor size provided no prognostic information in the multivariate analysis. Flow cytometric cell analysis, including S-phase rate and DNA ploidy, is of value in predicting the prognosis of canine mammary tumors and can be used as a new prognostic tool to improve the preoperative diagnostics of canine mammary tumors.

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Immunohistologic Detection of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Canine Mammary Tumors: Clinical and Pathologic Associations and Prognostic Significance

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.37-3-239 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 239-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

A. Nieto ◽

L. Peña ◽

M. D. Pérez-Alenza ◽

M. A. Sánchez ◽

J. M. Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Mammary Tumors ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Lymph Node Status ◽

Canine Mammary Tumors

Eighty-nine canine mammary tumors and dysplasias of 66 bitches were investigated to determine the immunohistochemical expression of classical estrogen receptor (ER-α) and its clinical and pathologic associations and prognostic value. A complete clinical examination was performed and reproductive history was evaluated. After surgery, all animals were followed-up for 18 months, with clinical examinations every 3–4 months. ER-α expression was higher in tumors of genitally intact and young bitches ( P < 0.01, P < 0.01) and in animals with regular estrous periods ( P = 0.03). Malignant tumors of the bitches with a previous clinical history of pseudopregnancy expressed significantly more ER-α ( P = 0.04). Immunoexpression of ER-α decreased significantly with tumor size ( P = 0.05) and skin ulceration ( P = 0.01). Low levels of ER-α were significantly associated with lymph node involvement ( P < 0.01). Malignant tumors had lower ER-α expression than did benign tumors ( P < 0.01). Proliferation index measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining was inversely correlated with ER-α scores ( P = 0.05) in all tumors. Low ER-α levels in primary malignant tumors were significantly associated with the occurrence of metastases in the follow-up ( P = 0.03). Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic significance of some follow-up variables. ER-α value, Ki-67 index, and age were independent factors that could predict disease-free survival. Lymph node status, age, and ER-α index were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival. The immunohistochemical detection of ER-α in canine mammary tumors is a simple technique with prognostic value that could be useful in selecting appropriate hormonal therapy.

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Associated Lichen Sclerosis Increases the Risk of Lymph Node Metastases of Vulvar Cancer

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9010250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Yohann Dabi ◽

Marie Gosset ◽

Sylvie Bastuji-Garin ◽

Rana Mitri-Frangieh ◽

Sofiane Bendifallah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Vulvar Cancer ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Lymph Node Involvement ◽

Lymph Node Status ◽

Local Extension ◽

Lichen Sclerosis ◽

Node Involvement ◽

The Impact

The most important prognostic factor in vulvar cancer is inguinal lymph node status at the time of diagnosis, even in locally advanced vulvar tumors. The aim of our study was to identify the risk factors of lymph node involvement in these women, especially the impact of lichen sclerosis (LS). We conducted a retrospective population-based cross-sectional study in two French referral gynecologic oncology institutions. We included all women diagnosed with a primary invasive vulvar cancer. Epithelial alteration adjacent to the invasive carcinoma was found in 96.8% (n = 395). The most frequently associated was LS in 27.7% (n = 113). In univariate analysis, LS (p = 0.009); usual type VIN (p = 0.04); tumor size >2 cm and/or local extension to vagina, urethra or anus (p < 0.01), positive margins (p < 0.01), thickness (p < 0.01) and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with lymph node involvement. In multivariate analysis, only LS (OR 2.3, 95% CI [1.2–4.3]) and LVSI (OR 5.6, 95% CI [1.7–18.6]) remained significantly associated with positive lymph node. LS was significantly associated with older patients (p = 0.005), anterior localization (p = 0.017) and local extension (tumor size > 2 cm: p = 0.001). LS surrounding vulvar cancer is an independent factor of lymph node involvement, with local extension and LVSI.

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Changes of breast cancer staging when AJCC prognostic staging manual is used: a retrospective analysis of a Chinese cohort

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.5301/ijbm.5000302 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 168-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jinhua Ding ◽

Weizhu Wu ◽

Jianjiang Fang ◽

Yudong Chu ◽

Siming Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Medical Center ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Lymph Node Status ◽

Axillary Lymph ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Ajcc Staging

Background: This study aimed to investigate staging changes for Chinese breast cancer patients assessed by the 7th (anatomic) and 8th (prognostic) editions of the AJCC staging manual, and to explore the predictive factors for these changes. Methods: Data of patients who received curative surgery for stage I-III breast cancer at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The assessment of staging was according to the criteria of the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC staging manual. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the associations between staging changes and clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Staging changes were found in 59.37% of patients and were more likely to be seen in stage IIIA (96.10%) and IIA (85.94%), then IIB (70.33%), IB (68.75%), followed by IA (36.17%) and IIIC (30.08%). In univariate analysis, staging changes were associated with tumor location, clinical tumor size, clinical axillary lymph node status and Ki67 index. However, multivariate analysis found that staging changes were significantly associated with tumor size >2 cm (odds ratio [OR] = 3.263, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.638-4.036), lymph node involvement (OR = 2.261, 95% CI, 1.830-2.794) and high Ki-67 index (OR = 1.661, 95% CI 1.343-2.054). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that there were marked staging changes when 2 different editions of the AJCC staging manual were used. Since prognostic biomarkers are available in routine clinical practice, the more recent staging manual should be followed to select better systemic therapy and give better outcomes for Chinese breast cancer patients.

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Evaluation of Prognostic Factors Following Flow-Cytometric DNA Analysis after Cytokeratin Labelling: I. Breast Cancer

Analytical Cellular Pathology ◽

10.1155/2002/630850 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 24 (4-5) ◽

pp. 135-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pauline Wimberger ◽

Peter Hillemanns ◽

Thomas Kapsner ◽

Hermann Hepp ◽

Rainer Kimmig

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Dna Ploidy ◽

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

S Phase ◽

Phase Fraction ◽

Flow Cytometric

In gynecologic oncology valid prognostic factors are necessary to estimate the course of disease and to define biologically similar subgroups for analysis of therapeutic efficacy. The presented study is a prospective study concerning prognostic significance of DNA ploidy and S‐phase fraction in breast cancer following enrichment of tumor cells by cytokeratin labelling. Epithelial cells were labeled by FITC‐conjugated cytokeratin antibody (CK 5, 6, 8, and CK 17) prior to flow cytometric cell cycle analysis in 327 fresh specimens of primary breast cancer. Univariate analysis in breast cancer detected the prognostic significance of DNA‐ploidy, S‐phase fraction and CV (coefficient of variation) of G0G1‐peak of tumor cells for clinical outcome, especially for nodal‐negative patients. Multivariate analysis could not confirm prognostic evidence of DNA‐ploidy and S‐phase fraction. In conclusion, in breast cancer no clinical significance for determination of DNA‐parameters was found.

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Prognostic factors for survival from esophageal carcinoma (ECA) in the United States: The effect of tumor size and lymph node status

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)81261-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A255-A255

Author(s):

M ELOUBEIDI ◽

R DESMOND ◽

C WILCOX

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Esophageal Carcinoma ◽

Tumor Size ◽

The United States ◽

Lymph Node Status ◽

Node Status

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Flow cytometric analysis of dna ploidy, percent S-phase fraction, and total proliferative fraction as prognostic indicators of local control and survival following radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics ◽

10.1016/0360-3016(94)90009-4 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Barbara A. Centeno ◽

Anthony L. Zietman ◽

William U. Shipley ◽

Marc L. Sobczak ◽

Jensie W. Shipley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Local Control ◽

Prostate Carcinoma ◽

Dna Ploidy ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

S Phase ◽

Phase Fraction ◽

Prognostic Indicators ◽

Flow Cytometric

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The presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes is associated with tumor size and depth of invasion in sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma

ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s0102-67202014000100005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eduardo CAMBRUZZI ◽

Andreza Mariane de AZEREDO ◽

Ardala KRONHART ◽

Katia Martins FOLTZ ◽

Cláudio Galeano ZETTLER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Perineural Invasion ◽

Histological Grade ◽

Lymph Node Status ◽

Depth Of Invasion ◽

Tumor Spread ◽

Signet Ring

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is more often found in men over 50 years in the form of an antral lesion. The tumor has heterogeneous histopathologic features and a poor prognosis (median survival of 15% in five years). Aim: To estimate the relationship between the presence of nodal metastasis and other prognostic factors in sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma. Method: Were evaluated 164 consecutive cases of gastric adenocarcinoma previously undergone gastrectomy (partial or total), without clinical evidence of distant metastasis, and determined the following variables: topography of the lesion, tumor size, Borrmann macroscopic configuration, histological grade, early or advanced lesions, Lauren histological subtype, presence of signet ring cell, degree of invasion, perigastric lymph node status, angiolymphatic/perineural invasion, and staging. Results: Were found 21 early lesions (12.8%) and 143 advanced lesions (87.2%), with a predominance of lesions classified as T3 (n=99/60, 4%) and N1 (n=62/37, 8%). The nodal status was associated with depth of invasion (p<0.001) and tumor size (p<0.001). The staging was related to age (p=0.048), histological grade (p=0.003), and presence of signet ring cells (p = 0.007), angiolymphatic invasion (p = 0.001), and perineural invasion (p=0.003). Conclusion: In gastric cancer, lymph node involvement, tumor size and depth of invasion are histopathological data associated with the pattern of growth/tumor spread, suggesting that a wide dissection of perigastric lymph nodes is a fundamental step in the surgical treatment of these patients.

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