scholarly journals Experimental Infection of Neonatal Calves with Neurovirulent Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1.3

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Belknap ◽  
J. K. Collins ◽  
V. K. Ayers ◽  
P. C. Schultheiss
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Focal Lesion ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Neonatal Calves

A type of bovine herpesvirus, BHV-1.3, causes encephalitis in calves, whereas BHV-1.1 causes respiratory disease. Three colostrum-deprived calves and two colostrum-fed calves were inoculated with BHV-1.3 by intranasal aerosolization. Two colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated with BHV-1.1 by intranasal aerosolization. BHV-1.3-inoculated calves demonstrated severe encephalitis with minimal respiratory lesions, and BHV-1.1-inoculated calves demonstrated severe respiratory lesions and no clinical signs of neurologic disease. Calves fed colostrum that contained virus neutralizing antibodies were protected against neurologic disease. Colostrum-fed BHV-1.3-inoculated calves did not develop disease although they did become infected; virus was shed in respiratory secretions for 10–13 days postinoculation, similar to infected colostrum-deprived calves. BHV-1.3 was reactivated from a latent state from one colostrum-fed calf after administration of dexamethasone 60 days postinoculation. Histopathologic examination of the three colostrum-deprived BHV-1.3-inoculated calves revealed severe lesions of encephalitis. One of the two BHV-1.1-inoculated calves had one focal lesion of encephalitis. Virus was isolated from brain tissue of colostrum-deprived BHV-1.3-inoculated calves and from one BHV-1.1-inoculated calf. Immunohistochemical staining for BHV-1 antigen was observed in neurons from the colostrum-deprived BHV-1.3-inoculated calves.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of rabbits with a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) gI, gE and US9-negative

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D'Avila Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Franco ◽  
Paulo Augusto Esteves ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Paulo Michel Roehe
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5 ◽  
Two Age Groups

Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is a major cause of viral meningoencephalitis in cattle. The expression of different viral proteins has been associated with BoHV-5 neuropathogenesis. Among these, gI, gE and US9 have been considered essential for the production of neurological disease in infected animals. To evaluate the role of gI, gE and US9 in neurovirulence, a recombinant from which the respective genes were deleted (BoHV-5 gI-/gE-/US9-) was constructed and inoculated in rabbits of two age groups (four and eight weeks-old). When the recombinant virus was inoculated through the paranasal sinuses of four weeks-old rabbits, neurological disease was observed and death was the outcome in 4 out of 13 (30.7 %) animals, whereas clinical signs and death were observed in 11/13 (84.6%) of rabbits infected with the parental virus. In eight weeks-old rabbits, the BoHV-5 gI-/gE-/US9- did not induce clinically apparent disease and could not be reactivated after dexamethasone administration, whereas wild type BoHV-5 caused disease in 55.5% of the animals and was reactivated. These findings reveal that the simultaneous deletion of gI, gE and US9 genes did reduce but did not completely abolish the neurovirulence of BoHV-5 in rabbits, indicating that other viral genes may also play a role in the induction of neurological disease.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of safety during gestation and horizontal spread of a recombinant differential bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) vaccine

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando R. Spilki ◽  
Alessandra D. Silva ◽  
Helena Beatriz C. Ruthner Batista ◽  
Anna P. Oliveira ◽  
Evandro Winkelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Horizontal Spread

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of respiratory, reproductive disease and abortion in cattle. Vaccination is widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections; however, vaccination of dams during pregnancy with modified live virus (MLV) vaccines has been occasionally associated to abortions. We have previously reported the development of a BoHV-1 recombinant virus, constructed with basis on a Brazilian BoHV-1 (Franco et al. 2002a) from which the gene coding for glycoprotein E (gE) was deleted (gE-) by genetic manipulation. Such recombinant has been previously evaluated in its potential as a differential vaccine (gE- vaccine) that allows differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. Here, in the first part of the present study, the safety of the gE- vaccine during pregnancy was evaluated by the intramuscular inoculation of 10(7.4) tissue culture 50 % infective doses (TCID50) of the virus into 22 pregnant dams (14 BoHV-1 seronegative; 8 seropositive), at different stages of gestation. Other 15 pregnant dams were kept as non-vaccinated controls. No abortions, stillbirths or fetal abnormalities were seen after vaccination. Seroconversion was observed in both groups of previously seronegative vaccinated animals. In the second part of the study, the potential of the gE- vaccine virus to spread among beef cattle under field conditions was examined. Four heifers were inoculated intranasally with a larger amount (10(7,6) TCID50) of the gE- vaccine (to increase chances of transmission) and mixed with other sixteen animals at the same age and body condition, in the same grazing area, at a population density equal to the average cattle farming density within the region (one cattle head per 10,000 m²), for 180 days. All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 30, 60 and 180 post-vaccination. Seroconversion was observed only in vaccinated heifers. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the present study, the gE- vaccine virus did not cause any noticeable harmful effect on pregnant dams and on its offspring and did not spread horizontally among cattle.

scholarly journals A Brazilian glycoprotein E-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1.2a (BHV-1.2a) mutant is attenuated for cattle and induces protection against wild-type virus challenge

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Franco ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Paulo Augusto Esteves ◽  
Marcelo de Lima ◽  
Rudi Weiblen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Parental Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Herpesvirus Type

The authors previously reported the construction of a glycoprotein E-deleted (gE-) mutant of bovine herpesvirus type 1.2a (BHV-1.2a). This mutant, 265gE-, was designed as a vaccinal strain for differential vaccines, allowing the distinction between vaccinated and naturally infected cattle. In order to determine the safety and efficacy of this candidate vaccine virus, a group of calves was inoculated with 265gE-. The virus was detected in secretions of inoculated calves to lower titres and for a shorter period than the parental virus inoculated in control calves. Twenty one days after inoculation, the calves were challenged with the wild type parental virus. Only mild signs of infection were detected on vaccinated calves, whereas non-vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Six months after vaccination, both vaccinated and control groups were subjected to reactivation of potentially latent virus. The mutant 265gE- could not be reactivated from vaccinated calves. The clinical signs observed, following the reactivation of the parental virus, were again much milder on vaccinated than on non-vaccinated calves. Moreover, parental virus shedding was considerably reduced on vaccinated calves at reactivation. In view of its attenuation, immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge and reactivation with a virulent BHV-1, the mutant 265gE- was shown to be suitable for use as a BHV-1 differential vaccine virus.

Registro de Herpesvírus Bovino (BoHV-1 e BoHV-5) em Rebanho Leiteiro de Propriedades Agro Familiares da Cidade de Alegrete – RS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Phelipe Magalhães Duarte ◽  
Vivian Tallita Pinheiro Santana
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Herpetic Encephalitis ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Control Disease

As doenças reprodutivas se constituem um dos principais motivos de prejuízo na bovinocultura, representando uma parcela significativa da diminuição dos índices de prenhes e animais nascidos. Entre estas doenças, a infecção por Herpesvírus Bovino (BoHV) tem grande destaque, principalmente, por sua grande disseminação no rebanho brasileiro. O BoHV-1 é o agente etiológico relacionado com a rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina (IBR), aborto e reabsorção embrionária, além de infecções em nível reprodutivos e neonatais. Já o BoHV-5 é o agente responsável pela encefalite herpética bovina. Entre os diversos métodos de diagnóstico, a soroneutralização é utilizada rotineiramente para evidenciar a presença de anticorpos neutralizantes para o vírus. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade diagnosticar a prevalência sorológica por Soroneutralização (SN), referente ao herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 e tipo 5 no rebanho leiteiro, não vacinado, de propriedades agro familiares de assentados da reforma agrária localizados na cidade de Alegrete - RS. Nas avaliações realizadas para o presente estudo foram registradas proporções de 40,90% e 39,39% de animais soropositivos para os agentes BoHV-1 e BoHV-5, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que é necessário maior empenho no controle da enfermidade, uma vez que possui fácil disseminação. Além disso, os dados evidenciam o cenário da bovinocultura brasileira, em que há presença significativa de agentes potenciais, que resultam em diminuição das taxas reprodutivas, somada a uma cultura de não prevenção. Palavras-chave: Virologia. Herpesvírus Bovino 1.  Herpesvírus Bovino 5. AbstractThe reproductive diseases are one of the main reasons for the losses in bovine culture, being a significative part of the reduction in the numbers of pregnant and newborn animals. Among those diseases, the Bovine Herpesvirus infection (BoHV) is on the spotlight, mainly because of the great dissemination in  the Brazilian herd. BoHV-1 is the etiological agent related to the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), abortion and embryony reabsorption, besides infections at reproductive and neonatal levels. Whereas, BoHV-5 is the agent responsible for the bovine herpetic encephalitis. Among the various methods of diagnosis, serum neutralization is routinely used to evidence the presence of neutralizing antibodies to the virus. The present work had the goal to diagnose the serological prevalence by Serum Neutralization (SN), referring to bovine herpesvirus type 1 and type 5 in the non-vaccinated dairy herd, from agrarian reform settlers of  the agrarian reform located in the city of Alegrete – RS. In the evaluations carried out for the present study, ratios of 40.90% and 39.39% of seropositive animals were recorded for BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 agents, respectively. The results obtained suggest that a greater effort is required in the disease control disease, since it has an easy dissemination. In addition, the data show that the scenario of Brazilian cattle breeding, in which there is a significant presence of potential agents that result in a decrease in reproductive rates, together with a culture of non-preveiton.Keyword: virology. Herpesvirus 1; Bovine; Herpesvirus 5 Bovine.

Experimental infection of sheep with bovine herpesvirus type-5 (BHV-5): acute and latent infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silva A.M ◽  
R Weiblen ◽  
L.F Irigoyen ◽  
P.M Roehe ◽  
H.J Sur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5

scholarly journals Efficacy of a gE-deleted, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) inactivated vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D. Silva ◽  
Paulo A. Esteves ◽  
Diogenes Dezen ◽  
Anna P. Oliveira ◽  
Fernando R. Spilki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of economic losses in cattle. Vaccination has been widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections. We have previously reported the development of a differential BoHV-1 vaccine, based on a recombinant glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted virus (265gE-). In present paper the efficacy of such recombinant was evaluated as an inactivated vaccine. Five BoHV-1 seronegative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly on day 0 and boostered 30 days later with an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine containing an antigenic mass equivalent to 10(7.0) fifty per cent cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) of 265gE-. Three calves were kept as non vaccinated controls. On day 60 post vaccination both vaccinated and controls were challenged with the virulent parental strain. No clinical signs or adverse effects were seen after or during vaccination. After challenge, 2/5 vaccinated calves showed mild clinical signs of infection, whereas all non vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Serological responses were detected in all vaccinated animals after the second dose of vaccine, but not on control calves. Following corticosteroid administration in attempting to induce reactivation of the latent infection, no clinical signs were observed in vaccinated calves, whereas non vaccinated controls showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. In view of its immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge with a virulent BoHV-1, the oil adjuvanted preparation with the inactivated 265gE- recombinant was shown to be suitable for use as a vaccine.

scholarly journals Comparative pathogenicity of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subtypes 1 (BHV-1.1) and 2a (BHV-1.2a)

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Paulo Augusto Esteves ◽  
Marcelo de Lima ◽  
Ana Cláudia Franco ◽  
Cláudio Chiminazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Significant Difference

The study aimed to examine the capacity of two bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) isolates of different subtypes (EVI 123/96, BHV-1.1; SV265/98, BHV-1.2a) to induce respiratory disease in calves. These two isolates are representative of the BHV-1 subtypes prevalent in Brazil. Viral subtypes were confirmed by monoclonal antibody analysis and by restriction enzyme digestion of viral genomes. The viruses were inoculated intranasally into seven 3 months old calves (four with BHV-1.1, three with BHV-1.2a). Three other calves of identical age and condition were kept as uninfected controls. In both groups of infected calves, the clinical signs observed were consistent with typical infectious bovine rhinothracheitis (IBR), including pyrexia, apathy, anorexia, nasal and ocular mucopurulent discharges, erosions on the nasal mucosa, conjunctivitis, lachrymation, redness of nasal mucosa, dyspnoea, coughing, tracheal stridor and enlargement of retropharingeal, submandibular and cervical lymphnodes. No significant differences were observed between the clinical scores attributed to both groups. Virus shedding in nasal and ocular secretions were also similar, apart from a significant difference in nasal virus shedding on day 1 to 3 post-inoculation, which was higher for BHV-1.1 than for BHV-1.2a. Following corticosteroid induced reactivation of the latent infection, recrudescence of clinical signs was also observed, with no significant differences on both groups. It was concluded that both subtypes BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2a were able to induce clinically undistinguishable respiratory disease in calves, either subsequent to a primary infection or following reactivation.

Brainstem Oligodendroglioma in a Puppy

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidro Mateo ◽  
Rocio Orlandi ◽  
Fernando Vazquez ◽  
Alberto Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Golden Retriever

A 5 mo old male golden retriever presented for evaluation of an acute onset, progressive neurologic disease. Although computed tomography (CT) was unremarkable, MRI identified an ill-defined mass located in the medulla, which was considered likely responsible for the clinical signs. The imaging features closely resembled the classic features of human brainstem gliomas in the pediatric population. Histopathologic examination confirmed the lesion to be an anaplastic oligodendroglioma.

scholarly journals Bovine herpesvirus type 1 in cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from naturally infected cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Penido Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
Adriana Cortez ◽  
Paula Maria Pires do Nascimento ◽  
Romulo Cerqueira Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Serum Neutralization Test

Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the presence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in follicular fluid and in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) recovered from naturally infected cows but with no clinical signs of the disease. Cows that were seropositive (n=38) or seronegative (n=8, control) to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis were selected after a serum neutralization test in microplates. The presence of the virus was investigated by PCR in COC and in follicular fluid. Viral DNA was not found in any of the samples. The obtained results suggest that serologically positive cows with no clinical signs of the disease offer negligible risk of transmitting BoHV-1 by COC or follicular fluid.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Bovine Adenovirus and Enterovirus Antibodies Reveals Different Infection Dynamics in Cattle Herds

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Chris Kelli Gras ◽  
Meriane Demolier ◽  
Ana Karolina Antunes Eisen ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Andréia Hezel
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Bovine Adenovirus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Bovine enterovirus (BEV) and bovine adenovirus (BAV) are widely distributed in cattle population, and are among possible causes of gastroenteritis and respiratory disease, respectively, although the infection is more often subclinical. BAV infection may be also related to conjunctivitis, and may lead to severe infections and death in immunosuppressive calves. BEV infections have been associated with disorders of respiratory and reproductive tracts, and diarrhea. There is little available information about BAV and BEV in Brazil; however the main of the present study was to investigate the presence of antibodies against these viruses in cattle from some counties of the Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.Material, Methods & Results: A total of 415 bovine serum samples collected in 2015 year to detect neutralizing antibodies against BEV and BAV by Virus neutralization (VN) assay were performed. The serum samples were gently provided from Setor de Virologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (SV-UFSM). The samples came from bovine with a history or report of clinical cases of diarrhea, respiratory and reproducible disorders and/or abortion suggestive of Leucosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and/or Bovine herpesvirus type 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and 5) infections. The samples are originated as from dairy and beef herd cattle in the following regions from RS State: Southwest, Northeast, Northwest, West, Southeast, Midwest and Metropolitan regions; and were classified according to the origin, gender and age. The serum samples were tested against 100 TCID50/mL of (tissue cellular infection dose 50/mL) of previously characterized BEV and BAV-3 isolates. Serial dilution of the serum was performed in duplicate, starting at 1:5 up to > 1:640 for BEV and at 1:2 to > 1:256 for BAV in 96 wells plates. The serum and virus mixture was incubated in 37ºC for 4-6 h and then a suspension of CRIB cells was added to each well. The plates were incubated in 37ºC and 5% CO2 for three days for BEV and five days for BAV assay. Neutralization titers were calculated as the reciprocal of the highest serum dilution able to avoid the cytopathic effect. A total of 99.7% (414/415) serum samples showed neutralizing antibodies to BAV and/or BEV. 99.2% (411/414) showed neutralizing antibodies against only BEV and 97.3 % (403/414) were seropositive only to BAV3. Regarding the sex of the analyzed population, males corresponded to 41.6% (173/415) and female 30.3% (126/415) of the total. From BEV seropositive samples, a higher frequency of neutralizing antibodies titers of 1:320, regarding 22.1% (91/411) of samples and for BAV-3 the titers > 1:256 were more prevalent, 72.2% (291/403) of seropositive.Discussion: The data in the present study showed that the frequency of neutralizing antibodies was high for both viruses as well as co-infection was prevalent; demonstrated that both viruses are actively circulating in the bovine population. However reinfections with BEV may be related to a higher proportion of animals presenting strong humoral immunity. Since BAV and BEV are normally related to subclinical infections, in the absence of clinical cases and high levels of herd immunity, it could be inferred that no other preventive measures need to be taken in these herds until no clear overt of clinical signs is noticed. In another hand, is important research these viruses in animals with signs historic of respiratory tract disease, reproductive disorders and diarrhea.

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