Rural-to-Urban Migration, Strain, and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Eighth-Grade Students in Guangzhou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia C. Lo ◽  
Tyrone C. Cheng ◽  
Maggie Bohm ◽  
Hua Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Eighth Graders ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Migrant Adolescents ◽  
The City

This examination of minor and serious delinquency among eighth graders in a large southern Chinese city, Guangzhou, also compared groups of these students, observing differences between the delinquency of migrants and that of urban natives. Data used were originally collected for the study “Stuck in the City: Migration and Delinquency Among Migrant Adolescents in Guangzhou.” The present study asked whether and how various sources of strain and social control factors explained students’ delinquency, questioning how meaningfully migration status moderated several of the observed delinquency relationships. Of students in the sample, 741 reported being natives of Guangzhou, and 497 reported migrating to Guangzhou from a rural area. The study conceptualized internal migration as a strain factor leading to delinquency, but the analyses did not suggest direct association between internal migration and delinquency. Results generally supported Agnew’s theory, and, what’s more, they tended to confirm that migration status moderated juvenile delinquency.

Shifting senses of solidarity and belonging in the internal migration pathways of citizens in ger areas in Ulaanbaatar: A social work perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 002087282092776
Author(s):  
Bayartsetseg Terbish ◽  
Ine Lietaert ◽  
Griet Roets
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
The City

Mongolia has witnessed an ongoing internal rural–urban migration and urbanization process in recent decades, resulting in families settling informally in suburban ‘ ger’ areas and in areas with concentrations of social and environmental problems in the city of Ulaanbaatar. In social policy and social work practice in Mongolia, there is a critical lack of understanding and information regarding the experience of ger residents in shaping their lives. This article explores and examines evolving meanings and mechanisms of solidarity and senses of belonging in ger residents’ internal migration pathways. It aims to contribute to a deeper understanding that may assist social work practice and policy to embrace ger residents’ strengths and capability to aspire.

Women's rural-urban migration in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sally N. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
The Impact

Women’s sole internal migration has been mostly ignored in migration studies, and the concentration on migrant women has been almost exclusively on low-income women within the household framework. This study focuses on middleclass women’s contemporary rural-urban migration in Lebanon. It probes into the determinants and outcomes of women’s sole internal migration within the empowerment framework. The study delves into the interplay of the personal, social, and structural factors that determine the women’s rural-urban migration as well as its outcomes. It draws together the lived experiences of migrant women to explore the determinants of women’s internal migration as well as the impact of migration on their expanded empowerment.

Juvenile Delinquency and the City

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
John Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
The City

Migration, Crises, and Social Transformation in India Since the 1990s

2018 ◽  
pp. 260-278
Author(s):  
Smriti Rao ◽  
Vamsi Vakulabharanam
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Marriage Migration ◽  
Reproductive Labor ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

Since liberalization, urban migration in India has increased in quantity, but also changed in quality, with permanent marriage migration and temporary, circular employment migration rising, even as permanent economic migration remains stagnant. This chapter understands internal migration in India to be a reordering of productive and reproductive labor that signifies a deep transformation of society. The chapter argues that this transformation is a response to three overlapping crises: an agrarian crisis, an employment crisis, and a crisis of social reproduction. These are not crises for capitalist accumulation, which they enable. Rather, they make it impossible for a majority of Indians to achieve stable, rooted livelihoods.

THE USE OF LITERATURE-BASED INSTRUCTION TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION AND WRITING ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Ressy Novasyari
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Eighth Graders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
And Control

Abstract: This research aimed to investigate whether or not there were significant differences in reading comprehension and writing achievement between the eighth grade students of SMP Islam Az-Zahra 2 Palembang who were taught by using Literature-Based instruction and those who were not. This study used one of the quasi experimental designs: pretest-posttest design. The sample was selected purposively from the whole population based on their reading comprehension scores. Forty six eighth graders were selected as the sample and equally divided into experimental and control groups. Pretest and posttest were given to both groups.  Using paired sample statistics,  the results of the experimental group showed that the students’ reading comprehension and writing achievement ? significantly improved. Furthermore, the result of the independent t-test showed that with mean difference of reading comprehension was 8.609, t value 11.111(p<0.05). Moreover, the mean difference of writing achievement was 6.8043, t value 10.478 (p<0.05).   Keywords:   Literature-based instruction, reading                     comprehension and writing achievement.

Urban Change and Reform Agendas in Cleveland’s Black Middle-Class Neighborhoods, 1950–1980

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Michney
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
The City ◽  
Middle Class Blacks

This chapter looks at the ambitious reform agenda that black middle-class activist residents went on to mount in these outlying city neighbourhoods, encompassing housing upkeep, business revitalization, traffic safety, trash removal, and efforts to reduce liquor availability, juvenile delinquency, vice, and crime – all in an attempt to maintain what they considered an acceptable quality of life. Perhaps the most ambitious effort along these lines was a venture in which a group of African American investors purchased and renovated the Lee-Harvard Shopping Center, making it during its existence from 1972-1978 the “largest black-owned commercial complex in the nation.” Sometimes these reform efforts involved moralizing or exhibited an explicit class bias; upwardly mobile middle-class blacks did not always recognize that less well-off newcomers were motivated by similar concerns with liveability. In the end, however, their various attempts to take charge of their lives and communities contributed to the long-term vitality of these neighbourhoods and the city as a whole.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Gaps in the Developing World: Does Internal Migration Offer Opportunities?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lagakos
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Future Work

This article provides an overview of the growing literature on urban-rural gaps in the developing world. I begin with recent evidence on the size of the gaps as measured by consumption, income, and wages, and argue that the gaps are real rather than just nominal. I then discuss the role of sorting more able workers into urban areas and review an array of recent evidence on outcomes from rural-urban migration. Overall, migrants do experience substantial gains on average, though smaller than suggested by the cross-sectional gaps. I conclude that future work should help further explore the frictions—in particular, information, financial, and in land markets—that hold back rural-urban migration and may help explain the persistence of urban-rural gaps.

China’s hukou system and city economic growth: from the aspect of rural–urban migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunling Zhang ◽  
Chunlai Chen ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Zhinan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Growth Model ◽  
Instrumental Variable Regression ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
The City ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic impacts of China’s hukou system and propose the possible direction for future reform. Design/methodology/approach The study develops a framework to incorporate the hukou system into the economic growth model. Using prefecture city-level panel data covering 241 cities over the period 2004–2016 and applying the fixed effects and instrumental variable regression techniques, the authors investigated empirically the impacts of the hukou system on city economic growth. Findings The study provides three main findings. First, the city sector conditionally benefits from labour mobility deregulation that allows migrants to work in cities. Second, the hukou system has different impacts on economic growth among cities with different sizes and administrative levels. Third, to offset the costs of providing exclusive public services to the migrants, the big or high-administrative-level cities can use their high-valued hukou to attract the high-skilled migrants, but the small- or low-administrative-level cities do not have this advantage. Practical implications This study suggests that the key for further hukou system reform is how to deal with the hukou–welfare binding relationship. Originality/value The authors developed a theoretical framework and conducted an empirical analysis on the direct relationship between the hukou system and economic growth to reveal the mechanism of how does the hukou system influence the city economic growth and answer the question of why is the hukou system reform so hard in China. The framework also sheds some lights on explaining the success and failure of the hukou system reforms in the past 40 years.

scholarly journals Amenities, economic opportunities and patterns of migration at the city level in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonglei Yu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Zhuolin Tao ◽  
Jinshe Liang
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Population Loss ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The City

This paper used a bootstrapped linear regression model to examine the role of amenities and economic opportunities in migration patterns in China based on the 2010 census at the city level. The results reveal that striking disparities characterize migration at the city level in China. Most migrants tend to move into several major cities in urban agglomerations in the eastern coastal region and provincial inland capitals. The cities farther away from provincial capitals have weak inflows and even suffer from serious population loss. The results suggest that job opportunities and wages contribute to the uneven pattern of migration in China even as amenities have also become important pull factors of migration. Regarding amenities, migrants prefer to move into cities with warm winters, less-humid summers, clean urban environments and friendly and open social climates. Social services, including facilities for education, recreation and commuting, also play an important role in attracting migrants. Findings from the study improve our understanding of China's internal migration and contribute to the debate on the role of economic opportunities and amenities in migration.

Journey to Shanghai: The Effects of Rural-to-urban Migration and Social Class on Perceptions of Home

2020 ◽  
pp. 0972558X2097523
Author(s):  
Arianna Ponzini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Primary Reference ◽  
Social Advancement ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The present article centers on the home, the perceptions of which are challenged, and modified by rural-to-urban migration dynamics and outcomes. The core research interest hereby presented pertains to the effects of migration and social advancement on individuals’ perceptions of home: whereas some identify their original rural home as their “home,” others manage to achieve a “shift” of the home after migration, by relocating their “home” from their original home in the village to their created home in the city. These two opposite perceptions about where the home of primary reference is located are not coincidental. Rather, the article presents a pattern that connects home shifting to upward mobility and social advancement: in fact, the shift in the location of the home owes to three major driving forces that are key in social mobility processes: career development, locus, and networks. The findings of this research, reached through the analysis of empirical qualitative data, provide practical insights to post-migratory class formation as well as upward mobility dynamics.

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