Migration, Crises, and Social Transformation in India Since the 1990s

2018 ◽  
pp. 260-278
Author(s):  
Smriti Rao ◽  
Vamsi Vakulabharanam
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Marriage Migration ◽  
Reproductive Labor ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

Since liberalization, urban migration in India has increased in quantity, but also changed in quality, with permanent marriage migration and temporary, circular employment migration rising, even as permanent economic migration remains stagnant. This chapter understands internal migration in India to be a reordering of productive and reproductive labor that signifies a deep transformation of society. The chapter argues that this transformation is a response to three overlapping crises: an agrarian crisis, an employment crisis, and a crisis of social reproduction. These are not crises for capitalist accumulation, which they enable. Rather, they make it impossible for a majority of Indians to achieve stable, rooted livelihoods.

Women's rural-urban migration in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sally N. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Low Income Women ◽  
The Impact

Women’s sole internal migration has been mostly ignored in migration studies, and the concentration on migrant women has been almost exclusively on low-income women within the household framework. This study focuses on middleclass women’s contemporary rural-urban migration in Lebanon. It probes into the determinants and outcomes of women’s sole internal migration within the empowerment framework. The study delves into the interplay of the personal, social, and structural factors that determine the women’s rural-urban migration as well as its outcomes. It draws together the lived experiences of migrant women to explore the determinants of women’s internal migration as well as the impact of migration on their expanded empowerment.

scholarly journals Assessments of the effects of permanent internal migration in the Russian literature at the late 19th and early 20th centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Moiseenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Ural Mountains ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Political Literature ◽  
Logical Conclusion ◽  
Research Task ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

In the context of the agrarian crisis in Russia (USSR) in the second half of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century, much attention in the socio-political literature was paid to the migration of peasants to the extensive undeveloped areas, mainly to the east of the Ural mountains. The changing characteristics of migration and migration policies during this period have resulted in a variety of methods for assessing the effects of migration. The experience of the second half of the 19th and the first third of the 20th century is interesting not only in the dynamics of assessment of the effects, but also in the logical conclusion of the study of this problem. It is known that even today the effects of migration remain a complex and largely unsolved research task.

Risk Transfer Policies Facilitate Smallholder Farmer Climate Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Choquette-Levy ◽  
Matthias Wildemeersch ◽  
Michael Oppenheimer ◽  
Simon Levin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Economic Migration

Abstract Increasing climate stress is likely to significantly impact smallholder farmer livelihoods, and can lead to divergent adaptation pathways. However, empirical evidence is inconclusive regarding how climate affects smallholder farmers’ deployment of various livelihood strategies, including rural-urban migration, especially as these impacts become more severe. Here we use an agent-based model to show that in a South Asian-type agricultural community experiencing a 1.5oC temperature increase by 2050, climate impacts are likely to decrease household income in 2050 by an average of 28 percent relative to the same income under a stationary climate, with fewer households engaging in economic migration and investing in cash crops. Pairing a small cash transfer with risk transfer mechanisms significantly increases the adoption of alternative livelihood strategies, improves community incomes, and reduces community inequality. While specific results depend on contextual factors such as risk preferences and climate risk exposure, these interventions are robust in improving adaptation outcomes by addressing the intersection of risk aversion, financial restrictions, and climate impacts.

Kin-Mode Contradictions, Crises, and Transformations in the Archaic Lower Mississippi Valley

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Ensor
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Lower Mississippi Valley ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
System P ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Demographic Growth

A Marxist perspective considers contradictions within modes of production that ultimately lead to crises and transformations to other modes, providing a framework for interpreting political economic change in human societies. This chapter describes how kinship and marriage structure social relations of production and contradictions in kin-modes that may lead to social transformations. An archaeological framework for making inferences on kinship and marriage is applied to the Archaic periods of the Lower Mississippi Valley to explain the enigmatic development of early mound-building foraging societies and their dissolution in the Tchefuncte period. The Archaic periods reflect competitive “Crow/Omaha” kinship and marriage—explaining mound building and widespread craft production and exchange—that experienced the disproportionate demographic growth among descent groups hypothesized to cause crises in social reproduction. This was followed by a social transformation in the Tchefuncte period to bilateral descent networks with a less competitive “complex” marriage system.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Gaps in the Developing World: Does Internal Migration Offer Opportunities?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lagakos
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Future Work

This article provides an overview of the growing literature on urban-rural gaps in the developing world. I begin with recent evidence on the size of the gaps as measured by consumption, income, and wages, and argue that the gaps are real rather than just nominal. I then discuss the role of sorting more able workers into urban areas and review an array of recent evidence on outcomes from rural-urban migration. Overall, migrants do experience substantial gains on average, though smaller than suggested by the cross-sectional gaps. I conclude that future work should help further explore the frictions—in particular, information, financial, and in land markets—that hold back rural-urban migration and may help explain the persistence of urban-rural gaps.

scholarly journals City Centric Migration and Security Concern in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Rajendra Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Security Concern

This article tends to focus on the trend of internal migration and its security concern in Nepal. There are different social and security concerns of migration which are not taken seriously. The repercussion might be in different fields and effects can be seen after short or long epoch. Migration and its linkage with the security are varied. It is the subject of interest for people who want to develop and make their birth land, village or cities prosperous. Current tendency of migration in Nepal indicates that the extensive outmigration of people to foreign countries is either for job or to study. Effects on migrants and communities they leave, rural to urban migration, differ according to the type of migrants, the volume of migration, and the nature of the places involved. The volume is increasing in recent days that people are migrating from rural to urban part of country even in district level. Migrants leaving rural areas are not generally replaced by other migrants. This loss of population in the rural areas and their potential contributions affects the dependency ratio, rates of unemployment and underemployment, levels of human capital, and potential for innovation. This article examines the pattern of migration and also it tries to explore the push and pull factors of migration. The security concerns of migrationऽ which involves different forms like human security, physical security, environmental security etc are analyzed in this article.

Gendered Divisions of Labor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Mills
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Reproductive Labor ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Formal Relations

This chapter examines how contemporary feminist scholarship is informed by and has contributed to the analysis of gendered divisions of labor on a global scale. Drawing on feminist research into gender systems, postcolonial societies, and intersectional relations, studies of gendered divisions of labor offer powerful insights into the unequal dynamics of globalization and the processes of social reproduction. The relevant literature includes work on the feminization of labor across global industry, the commodification of reproductive labor, and the gendered effects of economic restructuring and related forms of neoliberalization. Ultimately, gendered divisions of labor illuminate diverse patterns of inequality in and beyond formal relations of employment, revealing the ways that gendered hierarchies of value proliferate within and across globally interconnected societies and economies.

Narratives of internal migration experiences, health/well-being issues among females working as head-porters (Kayayei) in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-525
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bawa Kuyini ◽  
Abdulai Abukari ◽  
Abdulai Kuyini Mohammed ◽  
Hughlett Omris Powell
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
Migration Experiences

Purpose This study aims to explore the internal migration experiences and health/well-being issues of 38 girls and women working as Kayayei (head-porters) in Accra, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from seven focus group interview sessions, and thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings The results revealed the geographic, structural and family issues that promote increased migration of females to the cities. The findings betray the potential negative effects of migration on the participants’ quality of life, including accessing health services. They also suggest that the Kayayei phenomenon is a significant child protection, health/well-being concern yet to be given adequate attention in ways that consider the implications of such large internal migration of females on the overall human resource development capacities of rural communities. Originality/value This is an original study with data collected to explore internal rural to urban migration and its effect on health and well-being of young girls and women.

Migration in India: A Review

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

Migration in India has received increased scholarly attention in the past forty years, assisted by additional categories of data collected through the National Census. Considering the volume of both internal and international migration, the Indian population is relatively immobile. Most movements occur locally; 60 percent of internal migration is rural-rural on an intra-district level, consisting primarily of women moving with their husbands after marriage. Next in importance is the rural-urban migration of males seeking economic gain. The few studies done on migrants' characteristics show migration to be highly selective of age, sex, marital status, education, occupation and caste. The specific role of poverty in causing migration is still under debate. Key areas for further research include a greater focus on immobility; the social and demographic consequences of migration on sending and receiving communities; and the social, economic and demographic behavior of the migrants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document