The Palermo Stone and its Associated Fragments: New Discoveries on the Oldest Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 030751332110494
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Nuzzolo
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Photographic Documentation ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reflectance Transformation Imaging

Historical royal sources concerning Old Kingdom Egypt are rather scarce. One of the most important is a group of seven inscribed stone fragments also known as royal annals, the most famous of which is certainly the so-called Palermo Stone. These annals have been the subject of countless studies over more than a century since their initial discovery. However, the reading and interpretation of the hieroglyphic inscriptions engraved on them is still partial and often obscure. In recent years, however, the annals underwent a complete re-examination by means of the most up-to date technologies of 3D photographic documentation and reproduction – first of all, the so-called ‘Reflectance Transformation Imaging’ (RTI). In this article we will provide some insights on the new reading of selected parts of the fragments, especially the two major pieces: the Palermo Stone and the so-called ‘Cairo Fragment 1’.

On the Origins of the Cartouche and Encircling Symbolism in Old Kingdom Pyramids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ian Lightbody
Keyword(s):  
Principal Symbol ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Dynasty ◽  
First Time

On the Origins of the Cartouche and Encircling Symbolism in Old Kingdom Pyramids is a treatise on the subject of encircling symbolism in pharaonic monumental tomb architecture. The study focuses on the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt; from the first dynasty through the sixth. During that time, encircling symbolism was developed most significantly and became most influential. The cartouche also became the principal symbol of the pharaoh for the first time. This work demonstrates how the development of the cartouche was closely related to the monumental encircling symbolism incorporated into the architectural designs of the Old Kingdom pyramids. By employing a new architectural style, the pyramid, and a new iconographic symbol, the cartouche, the pharaoh sought to elevate his status above that of the members of his powerful court. These iconic new emblems emphasized and protected the pharaoh in life, and were retained in the afterlife. By studying the available evidence, the new and meaningful link between the two artistic media; iconographic and architectural, is catalogued, understood, and traced out through time.

Solo Singing Etiquette for Women in Ancient and Modern Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-70
Author(s):  
Enas Fares Yehia ◽  
Walaa Mohamed Abdelhakim
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Comparative Methodology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Modern Egypt

Throughout the ages, people have shown great interest in music and singing of all kinds, giving these expressive forms great importance in different eras. This article aims to comprehensively overview the etiquette, customs, and characteristic rules of polite performance in the profession of female solo singing in ancient and modern Egypt from a comparative view. This is achieved by reviewing the distinctive themes of female solo singers and their contexts in both ancient and modern Egypt. The article employs a descriptive-comparative methodology to provide a detailed sequential investigation and analysis of all the data collected on the subject and the themes of female solo singers; to discern the characteristic features of female solo singing etiquette in ancient Egypt; and to identify the similarities and differences of these features in the masters and famous models of modern Egypt. One of the main findings is that the distinctive characteristics of female solo singing in ancient Egypt have been inherited in the style of oriental but not western singing, and the greatest and most widely known model of the former style is “the Oriental singing lady Umm Kulthum”.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

The Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 618-637
Author(s):  
Nigel Strudwick
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Intermediate Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
Egyptian History

The Old Kingdom is usually characterized as the first great epoch of Egyptian history, when the phenomenal cultural, iconographical and political developments of the late Predynastic Period and the Early Dynastic Period coalesced to give an eminently visible culture that says ‘ancient Egypt’ to the modern audience. This development may best be symbolized by the pyramid, the most persistent image of the era. For its part, the First Intermediate Period is the first clear manifestation in Egyptian history of the periods of disunity and systemic weakness that have affected every long-lasting ancient and modern culture in one form or the other. The time-period covered in this section illustrates for the first time both the highs and lows of ancient Egypt. The Old Kingdom is usually defined as consisting of the Third to Eighth Dynasties of Manetho (c.2686–2125 bc), and the First Intermediate Period of the Ninth and Tenth and roughly two-thirds of the Eleventh Dynasty (c.2160–2016 bc).

The Oxford Handbook of Egyptology

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Current State ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
The Many ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Egyptian History

The Oxford Handbook of Egyptology presents a series of articles by colleagues working across the many archaeological, philological and cultural subdisciplines within the study of ancient Egypt from prehistory through to the end of the Roman Period. The volume seeks to place Egyptology within its theoretical, methodological, and historical contexts, both indicating how the subject has evolved and discussing its distinctive contemporary problems, issues and potential. Transcending conventional boundaries between archaeological and ancient textual analysis, it stresses the need for Egyptology to seek multidisciplinary methods and broader collaborations if it is to remain contemporary and relevant. It therefore serves as a reference work not only for those working within the discipline, but also as a gateway into Egyptology for archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists and linguists. The book is organized into ten parts, the first of which examines the many different historical and geographical perspectives that have influenced the development and current characteristics of the discipline. Part II addresses the various environmental aspects of the subject: landscapes, climate, flora, fauna and the mineral world. Part III considers a variety of practical aspects of the ways in which Egyptologists survey, characterize and manage landscapes. Part IV discusses materials and technology, from domestic architecture and artefacts through to religious and funerary items. Part V deals with Egypt’s relations with neighbouring regions and peoples, while Part VI explores the sources and interpretive frameworks that characterize different phases of ancient Egyptian history. Part VII is concerned with textual and iconographic approaches to Egyptian culture, and Part VIII comprises discussions of the key aspects of ancient Egyptian scripts and philology. Part IX presents summaries of the current state of the subject in relation to a variety of textual genres, from letters and autobiographies to socio-economic, magical and mathematical texts. The final section covers different aspects of museology and conservation.

Transnasal excerebration surgery in ancient Egypt

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Fanous ◽  
William T. Couldwell
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Transnasal Approach ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Transnasal Surgery ◽  
The One

Ancient Egyptians were pioneers in many fields, including medicine and surgery. Our modern knowledge of anatomy, pathology, and surgical techniques stems from discoveries and observations made by Egyptian physicians and embalmers. In the realm of neurosurgery, ancient Egyptians were the first to elucidate cerebral and cranial anatomy, the first to describe evidence for the role of the spinal cord in the transmission of information from the brain to the extremities, and the first to invent surgical techniques such as trepanning and stitching. In addition, the transnasal approach to skull base and intracranial structures was first devised by Egyptian embalmers to excerebrate the cranial vault during mummification. In this historical vignette, the authors examine paleoradiological and other evidence from ancient Egyptian skulls and mummies of all periods, from the Old Kingdom to Greco-Roman Egypt, to shed light on the development of transnasal surgery in this ancient civilization. The authors confirm earlier observations concerning the laterality of this technique, suggesting that ancient Egyptian excerebration techniques penetrated the skull base mostly on the left side. They also suggest that the original technique used to access the skull base in ancient Egypt was a transethmoidal one, which later evolved to follow a transsphenoidal route similar to the one used today to gain access to pituitary lesions.

Old Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt

1951 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Riefstahl ◽  
Cyril Aldred
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Old Kingdom

scholarly journals Organik Hayvansal Üretim için Tedavide Alternatif Yöntemler: Bir Baytarname İncelemesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Ali Yiğit ◽  
Aşkın Yaşar
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Main Material

Manuscripts, containing thousands of years of information and experiences about the treatment of diseases of other animal species, mostly horses, are known by different names such as baitarname, esbname, haylname and bazname. These authentic works, which were also established during the Islamic Civilization period, also bear the traces of different civilizations such as Ancient Egypt, Ancient India and Ancient Greek. With this study, it was aimed to shed light on the evaluation of these manuscripts which have thousands of years of knowledge in terms of treatment and preventive medicine in organic animal production. The main material of the work is originated of a manuscript work conducted as a doctoral thesis and of information on the subject. In addition, books, theses, researches and compilation studies that can be reached within the scope of the subject and which were studied before were also evaluated. In these study, it is observed that the use of herbal, animal and mineral resources as medicines in the treatment, as well as the applications of phlebotomization and cauterization are among the treatment methods. Increased pharmacological, toxicological and clinical trials on herbal, animal and mineral drugs, which are accepted as a complementary role even if they are not alternative, could be a valuable source of organic animal production for which artificial drug use is prohibited or restricted.

scholarly journals Ancient Iconic Texts and Scholarly Expertise

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 331-344
Author(s):  
James W. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Cultural Authority ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

This essay probes the origins of iconic textuality in the ancient Near East, informed by post-colonial perspectives on iconic texts. The surviving art and texts from ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia exhibit at least four forms of iconic textuality: monumental inscriptions, portraits of scribes, displays and manipulations of ritual texts, and beliefs in heavenly texts. The spread of literacy did not displace the social prestige of scribal expertise that was established in antiquity. The every-growing number and complexity of texts accounts for the continuing cultural authority of scholarly expertise. The tension between expert and non-specialist uses of texts, however, explains scholarship’s avoidance of the subject of iconic books and texts while drawing constant attention to their semantic interpretation instead.

scholarly journals Did the ancient Egyptians migrate to ancient Nigeria?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock M. Agai
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
West African ◽  
Samuel Johnson ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
African History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Literatures concerning the history of West African peoples published from 1900 to 1970 debate�the possible migrations of the Egyptians into West Africa. Writers like Samuel Johnson and�Lucas Olumide believe that the ancient Egyptians penetrated through ancient Nigeria but Leo�Frobenius and Geoffrey Parrinder frowned at this opinion. Using the works of these early�20th century writers of West African history together with a Yoruba legend which teaches�about the origin of their earliest ancestor(s), this researcher investigates the theories that the�ancient Egyptians had contact with the ancient Nigerians and particularly with the Yorubas.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: There is an existing ideology�amongst the Yorubas and other writers of Yoruba history that the original ancestors of�the Yorubas originated in ancient Egypt hence there was migration between Egypt and�Yorubaland. This researcher contends that even if there was migration between Egypt and�Nigeria, such migration did not take place during the predynastic and dynastic period as�speculated by some scholars. The subject is open for further research.

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