Solo Singing Etiquette for Women in Ancient and Modern Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-70
Author(s):  
Enas Fares Yehia ◽  
Walaa Mohamed Abdelhakim
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Comparative Methodology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Modern Egypt

Throughout the ages, people have shown great interest in music and singing of all kinds, giving these expressive forms great importance in different eras. This article aims to comprehensively overview the etiquette, customs, and characteristic rules of polite performance in the profession of female solo singing in ancient and modern Egypt from a comparative view. This is achieved by reviewing the distinctive themes of female solo singers and their contexts in both ancient and modern Egypt. The article employs a descriptive-comparative methodology to provide a detailed sequential investigation and analysis of all the data collected on the subject and the themes of female solo singers; to discern the characteristic features of female solo singing etiquette in ancient Egypt; and to identify the similarities and differences of these features in the masters and famous models of modern Egypt. One of the main findings is that the distinctive characteristics of female solo singing in ancient Egypt have been inherited in the style of oriental but not western singing, and the greatest and most widely known model of the former style is “the Oriental singing lady Umm Kulthum”.

Norms and Legal Practice in Ancient Egypt: A Case Study of Irrigation System Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 375-388
Author(s):  
Aneta Skalec
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
System Management ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Irrigation System Management

The prosperity of Egyptian civilization has depended on the efficient use of water deriving from the Nile throughout its recorded history. Despite the importance of water and irrigation in ancient Egypt, very little is known of its water regulations. The only known legal source related directly to the maintenance of canals that has been preserved is a section of the Dikaiomata – the Alexandrian city law dealing with the construction and improvement of irrigation channels in the surrounding countryside. However, being Greek in origin, it does not seem to correspond to the legal practice that has been in use in Egypt since the earliest times. How water regulations looked like in practice can therefore only be observed by means of practice documents, i.e. papyri from Ptolemaic period. Such papyri recorded the law in action, both in relation to individuals as well as the whole society in the context of water management. These documents and their similarities and differences to the rules contained in Dikaiomata are the subject of the paper.

National conceptual sphere as a criterion of literary translation authenticity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Aigul Yessentemirova ◽  
Kuralay Urazaeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The paper is focused on the study of literary translation as a type of rhetorical communication. The subject being analysed is that national conceptual sphere can be a reliable criterion for the authenticity of translation. The topic of the research is that national conceptual sphere regarded as a means of illocutionary influence and a source of differences in rhetorical conscience of the author of the original text as well as the translator and the addressee. A comparative analysis of Russian and Kazakh translations of Robert Burns’ ballad “John Barleycorn” is carried out. The comparison is based on the structure of rhetorical communication, national conceptual sphere, prosody parameters and genre features. The similarities and differences of the translations are specified. The similarities are shown in referential, strophic and genre proximity of the original and translations.

PECULIARITIES OF LIGHT FUNCTIONING IN MODERN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Yatsiv M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Catholic Churches ◽  
The Temple

In each historical period, light played an important mystical role in the creation of the sacred space of the temple, and was and is an integral part of religious ritual. Light is an architectural phenomenon, the formative and communicative element of the spatial structure of the temple, the most important factor in the perception of space and layout of the temple. The subject of the analysis contained in the article is the light environment in the space of modern churches of Ukraine. An analysis of the functions of light in churches is made on the example of recently built iconic Greek Catholic temples. The peculiarities of the distribution of natural and artificial light in the space of modern churches, the similarities and differences in the organization of the light environment, as compared to the historical temples, have been revealed. The influence of the light on the architectonics of temples and the visual perception of their object environment, on the formation of the corresponding mystical mood and sacred atmosphere is defined. The values and functions of electric lighting in the structure of the light environment of the temple, the directions of development of electric lighting systems due to the expansion of their utilitarian and decorative functions are determined.

scholarly journals Search in Criminal Procedure of Russia and Germany: Comparative Legal Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01159
Author(s):  
Anton Shamne
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The article compares the Criminal Procedural Codes provisions of the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany that regulate conducting a search as an investigative act. It also provides and compares the definitions of the concept “search” and “dwelling” given in Russian and German criminal procedural legislation. The reasons for conducting the search in general and the search of dwelling are considered, similarities and differences are revealed in relation to the status of the subject who is under the search. The author characterizes the search of dwelling and gives a comparative analysis of this investigative action as well as the notion of “urgent cases” in both countries. The authors also proposed some brief recommendations for improving the norms of the Russian Federation Criminal Procedure Code.

scholarly journals Land dispute as an object of arbitration process

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
M. A. Magomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, there is no concept of a land dispute, which causes difficulties in determining the competence of an arbitration court in cases in which the object of the dispute is land. The article analyzes the general legal concept of a dispute and the sectoral concept of a land dispute developed by scientists. The author identified the characteristic features of a land dispute and its structural elements. The work reveals the influence of the structural elements of the land dispute on the type of production in which the dispute will be considered. In addition, the author concludes that the correct definition of the structural elements of the land dispute enables the arbitration court to determine the appropriate persons participating in the case, the subject of proof, the relevance and admissibility of evidence, and ultimately make a lawful and wellgrounded court decision.

scholarly journals Individualization of punishment in accordance with criminal legislation of Spain: concept, rules of formalization (calculation), and doctrinal substantiation (comparative legal research)

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Elena Yurishina
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Spanish Legislation

  This article examines the question of imposition of punishment (pena) and its individualization (individualización) in Spain from the perspective of criminal law theory. The subject of this research is a set of legislative norms, doctrinal interpretations and explanations, contained in interpretational acts of Spain dedicated to the assemblage of mathematical rules of calculation of the term of punishment by combination of certain characteristics of the case (formalization rules in the Russian analogue) and circumstances reluctant to quantitative evaluation (oriented towards the criteria of judicial discretion). The article also presents some theoretical insights into the question of making decision on the punishment and competition between formalization and judicial discretion. Research methodology is based on the formal-legal and comparative methods, which allowed the author to examine Spanish legislation and determined certain analogies with the Russian. The scientific novelty consists in the detailed and systematized description of the rules of formalization of punishment in Spanish legislation, enlarge the capabilities of Russian science with regards to analysis of similarities and differences in legislations of various countries. The author offers the original definition of the institution of assignment of punishment that includes criminal-procedural vector, as well as substantiates an opinion why stringent formalization does not always meet the demands of justice.  

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING IN TAXATION OF ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Olena PODOLIANCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Information ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tax Reporting ◽  
And Control

The article analyzes the revenues of the consolidated budget of Ukraine and determines that budget revenues are growing, mainly due to taxes and fees. The normative definition of the terms «tax» and «collection» is revealed and the main characteristic features are outlined. A critical assessment of the essence of the characterized definitions was made and the inconsistency of the terminological apparatus was determined. It was found that the definitions take into account the principle of mandatory payment of tax or fee paid by a particular payer to a specific account of the allocation budget. The main criteria for distinguishing between direct and indirect taxes are highlighted: method of translation: direct – one participant in the calculation and payment, indirect – several participants; object of taxation: direct – from income, profit, property and resources, indirect – from the value of consumption or use of goods; subject of payment: direct is paid by the taxpayer – the manufacturer or seller, the owner of the goods, indirect – by the subject of the tax burden (the buyer who incurs costs). Taking into account the research of scientists and their own opinion, it is proposed to substantiate at the legislative level the terminology of definitions of direct and indirect taxes, as well as to outline a clear classification list. It is proved that accounting influences management decisions, as the received accounting information certifies the data on the activity of the enterprise and gives the chance to carry out further planning and control. It is determined that the purpose of accounting in taxation is to form a reliable and legally justified size of the tax base and determine the amounts of tax liabilities from taxes and fees for generalization in tax reporting for individual taxes. The accounting process of calculations for taxes and fees of business entities is outlined. It is proposed to separate the objects of taxation in the accounting policy of enterprises.

scholarly journals El no ciudadano a la paz: los casos de Guatemala (1999) y Colombia (2016) / The Citizenry said not to peace: the cases of Guatemala (1999) and Colombia (2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Clara Rocío Rodríguez Pico
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Comparative Methodology ◽  
Similarities And Differences

RESUMENEl presente texto analiza con una metodología comparada y basada en el estudio de casos, las experiencias de dos países en los cuales la población se manifestó contraria a los acuerdos o las reformas que se derivaron de negociaciones de paz. Se indaga así en los contextos, las definiciones, las campañas y los resultados de la aplicación del referendo constitucional en Guatemala en 1999 y el plebiscito por la paz en Colombia en 2016. Resaltando similitudes y diferencias de los dos casos, el análisis concluye planteando algunas reflexiones sobre el uso de este tipo de mecanismos de consulta y lo que ellos implican en la relación entre representación política y participación ciudadana, en situaciones de negociación de conflictos armados.ABSTRACTUsing a comparative methodology and based in a case studies , this article analyzes the experience of two countries in which the population declared opposition to the agreements o reforms derived from peace negotiations processes. The contexts, definitions, campaigns and results of the application of the constitutional referendum in Guatemala in 1999 and the plebiscite for peace in Colombia in 2016 are compared. Emphasizing similarities and differences of the two cases, the analysis concludes raising some reflections on the use of this type of consultation mechanisms and what they imply in the relation betwen political representation and citizen participation, in situations of armed conflicts negotiation.

Cleaning in Crystalline Si Solar Cell Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Schweckendiek ◽  
Ronald Hoyer ◽  
Sebastian Patzig-Klein ◽  
Franck Delahaye ◽  
Gerry Knoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diffusion Coating ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Si Solar Cell ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Near Future

The large scale of production of modern PV manufacturing as well as the cost pressure demand a different approach to cleaning processes in semiconductor and PV applications. The subject of this presentation is, to highlight aspects of similarities and differences. Total added cost/m2of Si are estimated for typical PV manufacturing conditions and compared to semiconductor applications. Typical technical solutions are reviewed. They are compared to the anticipated technical and cost requirements in the near future according to PV roadmaps and cell concepts which are evident today. Starting with typical cleaning processes during the wafering (sawing, cleaning, separation) up to cell processing (texturing, diffusion, coating and plating) the main cleaning processes are presented and their specifics are indicated. Finally recontamination and conditioning in production lines are reviewed.

A Comparative Study of Colour Terms in Ttranslations of the New Testament into Macedonian and Albanian

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Alexandra I. Chivarzina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Colour Terms

The article considers the colour terms present in the New Testament in the Macedonian and Albanian languages. The characteristic features of the translation are determined by both the cultural unity and the lexical systems of the Balkan languages under consideration. Among the few contexts using colour terms, most are translated equally. This can be explained by both objective reasons (natural colour of objects) and general connotations attributed to the main colours of the spectrum. The attention of this study is focused primarily on the places in the text where different translation decisions have been made. However, it is impossible not to mention the most characteristic general features of colour term use in the New Testament in the Macedonian and Albanian languages. The study indicates the thoroughness of the work done by translators, who, considering the peculiarities of the colour term vocabulary of their language, sought to maximize the use of the lexical system in order to extremely accurately and easily convey the meaning of the original text. The connotations of the colour terms found in the text are mostly the same in the cultures and target languages under discussion. However, there are cases of using different lexemes in the same context in different places in the book. The similarities and differences in translations into Macedonian and Albanian help to understand how similar Balkan cultures see the New Testament and what they highlight as the most significant.

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