scholarly journals Political ecology II: Whither the state?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Loftus
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
The State ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Critical Geopolitics ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
State Form

However conceptualised, the institutions and relations associated with the state are clearly crucial to political ecological research. Environmental policies are enacted through state institutions, and property rights over land and resources are enforced by the legal framework and monopoly power associated with the state form. Nevertheless, political ecologists have sometimes had an uneasy relationship with conceptualisations of the state, leading to recurring questions over the adequacy of political ecological theorisations. Over the last decade and a half such questions have led to a call for dialogues with political geography and, more recently, with critical geopolitics. In this second progress report, I review recent political ecological theorisations of the state, pointing to a set of shared concerns associated with the processes, relations and struggles through which states are brought into being and acquire certain effects. I will conclude with a note of caution when it comes to an uncritical dialogue with more abstract interpretations of state power.

6. Institutions and organizations

2014 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Avinash Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Market Design ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
Contract Enforcement ◽  
Matching Markets ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Industry Associations

Markets are not the only place where transactions take place. ‘Institutions and organizations’ highlights other platforms and institutions — families, social groups and networks, industry associations, and governments — where some transactions work better. Successful specialization and transaction have two basic prerequisites: security of property and of contract. Property rights and contract enforcement, and the state and non-state institutions of governance that control them, are considered. The needs of some specialized transactions are best met by creating special markets or market-like platforms by intermediaries for the two sides in a transaction to meet. Market design, matching markets, and auctions are discussed.

scholarly journals "Gentlemen-type rules" and "back room deals" in public participation: natural resource management and a fractured state in North Carolina

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McCoy ◽  
Nora Haenn
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Cape Hatteras ◽  
Cape Hatteras National Seashore ◽  
Elected Representatives

This paper examines the political ecology of a participatory environmental management setting. It argues the failure of participatory forums to meet their goals reveals more generalized features of the state, namely its fractured quality and inconsistent actions. Thus, rather than premise questions of how participatory forums might be more effective, researchers should first consider what cleavages and inconsistencies in the state that participatory forums reveal. How do the various actors involved negotiate these cleavages and inconsistencies? The paper explores disputes surrounding the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina, USA. The argument centers on whether or not off-road vehicles might access the Seashore. Parties to the dispute have lobbied elected representatives, participated in a public forum, enacted litigation, and carried out campaigns of public admonishment. While using one part of the state to counteract the actions of another, supporters of off-road vehicles proffer a moral assessment which contrasts "gentlemen-type rules" with "backroom deals". The paper argues this rhetoric acts as a kind of cultural script that people use to corral heterogeneous state institutions into a single discursive framework that premises the kind of face-to-face relations where they are more likely to achieve their goals.Keywords: conservation; state formation; environmentality; environmental governance 

scholarly journals The Role of Securitization in the Relationship Between State and Religion—The Example of the Kyrgyz Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
Zrinka Štimac ◽  
Indira Aslanova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the challenges of developing secular framework in relation to religion in Kyrgyzstan, the first Central Asian republic where democratic institutions were established after the collapse of the Soviet Union and which has been strongly challenged in maintaining its democratic achievements during the Tulip Revolution and other revolts in 2010 and 2020. The question we aim to answer is how processes of securitization shape the relationship between state institutions and religious organizations, knowing that Kyrgyzstan is still influenced both by the Soviet understanding of secularism and by models of secularity and governance from countries and societies with different histories and conditions of development. We look at different phases of the relationship between state and religion starting with the regime change and the establishment of a democratic state. Secondly, the establishing of a legal framework for state policy on religious organizations. Thirdly, the time of the adoption of measures to protect the interests of all citizens, believers and non-believers, and the beginning of the process of active influence of state policy on the situation in the religious sphere. And finally, the new (mis)understanding of the relations between the state and religion, both on the side of the state and religious organizations. Our theoretical point of departure is the concept of securitization, and from there on we take a discursive approach focusing on the different actors in this arena, such as state institutions and the various religious organizations and groups.

scholarly journals Cultivating Intellectual Property Rights Competence in Teachers in Ukraine: Attitude, Challenges, Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-508
Author(s):  
Vadym Luniachek ◽  
Nataliia Ruban ◽  
Ludmila Zelenska ◽  
Tetyana Varenko
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Ipr Protection

The research aims to substantiate the need to cultivate the IPR competence in secondary education teachers. Its relevance lies in the fact that the relevant knowledge and skills help promote respect for others’ intellectual works and prevent IPR infringements. The findings reveal, inter alia, lack of understanding of the need to observe the IPR-related legal framework; teachers’ insufficient IPR competence and understanding; the need to review the state policy on education regarding IPR protection; teachers’ willingness to protect their copyright; the need for a relevant IPR competence cultivation within teachers’ training and qualification enhancement, etc.

Formation and development of environmental education in Russia of the 19th—20th centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Liudmila Lobchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Murmansk Oblast ◽  
Stages Of Development

The paper is dedicated to the establishment and development of environmental education in Russia in 19th-20th centuries, stating main reasons, goals, and commitments of the state in environmental education. The paper describes the stages of development and establishment of a legal framework in environmental education as well as the formation and implementation features of the system of continuous environmental education and personal development for new generations in Murmansk oblast, showing drawbacks and flaws in environmental education in modern schools and describing various ways to implement government environmental policies and sustainable development concepts.

Political ecology III

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
The Commons

Different intellectual strands within political ecology have analyzed changing forms of property institutions and the commons in particular. While engaging these topics from a number of different perspectives, they share common understandings of property rights as relational, contested, and shaped by broader political economies. What is less acknowledged is that political ecologists have, in different ways, studied the hybrid and mixed forms of property institutions that are often concealed or ignored in the tripartite division of private, common, and national properties that dominates institutionalist literatures. These theoretical commitments and research experiences are well-suited for understanding the proliferation of hybrid property institutions associated with neoliberal forms of governance. By briefly reviewing their synergies, this report seeks to bring these diverse strands in conversation. It concludes by highlighting useful avenues of political ecological research and practice that are raised by commoning scholarship and activism.

Еnforcement of Property Rights and Conractual Obligations

2003 ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radygin ◽  
R. Entov
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The paper deals with theoretical approaches to the problems of property rights and contractual obligations and with analysis of economic consequences of the imperfect enforcement system. In particular, the authors consider Russian experience in the sphere of corporate conflicts. Legal and practical recommendations related to the improvement of legal framework, judiciary reform, executory process and different federal and regional authorities are also presented.

Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Widerquist ◽  
Grant S. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Property ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Lockean Proviso ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Disadvantaged People

Earlier chapters of this book found that the Hobbesian hypothesis is false; the Lockean proviso is unfulfilled; contemporary states and property rights systems fail to meet the standard that social contract and natural property rights theories require for their justification. This chapter assesses the implications of those findings for the two theories. Section 1 argues that, whether contractarians accept or reject these findings, they need to clarify their argument to remove equivocation. Section 2 invites efforts to refute this book’s empirical findings. Section 3 discusses a response open only to property rights theorists: concede this book’s empirical findings and blame government failure. Section 4 considers the argument that this book misidentifies the state of nature. Section 5 considers a “bracketing strategy,” which admits that observed stateless societies fit the definition of the state of nature, but argues that they are not the relevant forms of statelessness today. Section 6 discusses the implications of accepting both the truth and relevance of the book’s findings, concluding that the best response is to fulfil the Lockean proviso by taking action to improve the lives of disadvantaged people.

The elimination of violence and terrorism in Iraq strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Mona Ali Duaij ◽  
Ahlam Ahmed Issa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
The Media ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Religious Aspect

All the Iraqi state institutions and civil society organizations should develop a deliberate systematic policy to eliminate terrorism contracted with all parts of the economic, social, civil and political institutions and important question how to eliminate Daash to a terrorist organization hostile and if he country to eliminate the causes of crime and punish criminals and not to justify any type of crime of any kind, because if we stayed in the curriculum of justifying legitimate crime will deepen our continued terrorism, but give it legitimacy formula must also dry up the sources of terrorism media and private channels and newspapers that have abused the Holy Prophet Muhammad (p) and all kinds of any of their source (a sheei or a Sunni or Christians or Sabians) as well as from the religious aspect is not only the media but a meeting there must be cooperation of both parts of the state facilities and most importantly limiting arms possession only state you can not eliminate terrorism and violence, and we see people carrying arms without the name of the state and remains somewhat carefree is sincerity honesty and patriotism the most important motivation for the elimination of violence and terrorism and cooperation between parts of the Iraqi people and not be driven by a regional or global international schemes want to kill nations and kill our bodies of Sunnis, sheei , Christians, Sabean and Yazidi and others.

Konsep Distribusi Pendapatan Dalam Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Moh. Ah. Subhan ZA
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The main problem of social life in the community is about how to make the allocation and distribution of income well. Inequality and poverty basically arise not because of the difference of anyone’s strength and weakness in getting livelihood, but because of inappropriate distribution mechanism. With the result that wealth treasure just turns on the rich wealthy, which is in turn, results in the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.Therefore, a discussion on distribution becomes main focus of theory of Islamic economics. Moreover, the discussion of the distribution is not only related to economic issues, but also social and political aspects. On the other side, the economic vision of Islam gives priority to the guarantee of the fulfillment of a better life. Islam emphasizes distributive justice and encloses, in its system, a program for the redistribution of wealth and prosperity, so that each individual is guaranteed with a respectable and friendly standard of living. Islam recognizes private property rights, but the private property rights must be properly distributed. The personal property is used for self and family livelihood, for investment of the working capital, so that it can provide job opportunities for others, for help of the others through zakat, infaq, and shodaqoh. In this way, the wealth not only rotates on the rich, bringing on gap in social life.The problem of wealth distribution is closely related to the welfare of society. Therefore, the state has a duty to regulate the distribution of income in order that the distribution can be fair and reaches appropriate target. The state could at least attempt it by optimizing the role of BAZ (Badan Amil Zakat) and LAZ (Lembaga Amil Zakat) which has all this time been slack. If BAZ and LAZ can be optimized, author believes that inequality and poverty over time will vanish. This is because the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim.

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