The impact of atmospheric aerosols on global climate: a review

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
The Impact

Climate change has received considerable media attention in recent years, particularly in terms of the enhanced greenhouse effect and predicted global warming. This paper examines the alternative impact of atmospheric acrosols on global climate in terms of the so-called dust-veil effect, which is associated with global cooling. This volcanic signal is assessed through the application of dust-rating and explosivity indices, and their limitations are emphasized since both schemes ignore the more important sulphur-gas emissions. The paper discusses the causes and evidence of the volcanic signal and emphasizes its moderation by El Nino events. It concludes with a brief analysis of the contributions made by particulate matter released into the lower troposphere from human activities.

scholarly journals The Perceptions of Pre-Service Science Teachers and Science Teachers about Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meilinda ◽  
N. Y. Rustaman ◽  
B. Tjasyono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Science Teachers ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Service Science ◽  
Global Cooling ◽  
The Impact

<p>The global climate phenomenon in the context of climate change is the impact of both the dynamic complex climate system and human behaviors that affect environmental sustainability. Human is an important component that should be considered in science teaching that is believed to improve human attitudes towards the environmental sustainability. The research aims to investigate the perceptions of pre-service science teachers and science teachers in South Sumatra who teach climate change and global warming. The data were collected from 17 science teachers and 53 pre-service science teachers from April to August 2016. The instruments were 17 modified questions which were developed from Pruneau’s framework. There are three linear perceptions regarding climate change. First, greenhouse effect causes global warming and global warming causes climate change. Second, ozone leakage causes global warming and global warming causes acid rain. Third, greenhouse effect causes ozone leakage and ozone leakage causes global warming; then it causes climate change and other climatic phenomena. Both pre-service science teachers and science teachers argue that climate change is caused by global warming. Actually, climate change is not only global warming but also global cooling. Those phenomena occur because of interactions among climate system components. They do not believe that education is able to change human attitudes in saving environmental sustainability from global climate change disasters. They believe that media give stronger effects than teachers in shaping those perceptions. Factually, most of wrong perceptions come from media.<br /><br /><br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Climate Change and Aerosol Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kehan Li
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Modern Times

Climate change is of great importance in modern times and global warming is considered as a significant part of climate change. It is proved that human’s emissions such as greenhouse gases are one of the main sources of global warming (IPCC, 2018). Apart from greenhouse gases, there is another kind of matter being released in quantity via emissions from industries and transportations and playing an important role in global warming, which is aerosol. However, atmospheric aerosols have the net effect of cooling towards global warming. In this paper, climate change with respect to global warming is briefly introduced and the role of aerosols in the atmosphere is emphasized. Besides, properties of aerosols including dynamics and thermodynamics of aerosols as well as interactions with solar radiation are concluded. In the end, environmental policies and solutions are discussed. Keywords: Climate change, Global warming, Atmospheric aerosols, Particulate matter, Radiation, Environmental policy.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of global warming on worldwide open field tomato cultivation through CSIRO-Mk3·0 global climate model

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. SILVA ◽  
L. KUMAR ◽  
F. SHABANI ◽  
M. C. PICANÇO
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops globally and an important agricultural sector for generating employment. Open field cultivation of tomatoes exposes the crop to climatic conditions, whereas greenhouse production is protected. Hence, global warming will have a greater impact on open field cultivation of tomatoes rather than the controlled greenhouse environment. Although the scale of potential impacts is uncertain, there are techniques that can be implemented to predict these impacts. Global climate models (GCMs) are useful tools for the analysis of possible impacts on a species. The current study aims to determine the impacts of climate change and the major factors of abiotic stress that limit the open field cultivation of tomatoes in both the present and future, based on predicted global climate change using CLIMatic indEX and the A2 emissions scenario, together with the GCM Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)-Mk3·0 (CS), for the years 2050 and 2100. The results indicate that large areas that currently have an optimum climate will become climatically marginal or unsuitable for open field cultivation of tomatoes due to progressively increasing heat and dry stress in the future. Conversely, large areas now marginal and unsuitable for open field cultivation of tomatoes will become suitable or optimal due to a decrease in cold stress. The current model may be useful for plant geneticists and horticulturalists who could develop new regional stress-resilient tomato cultivars based on needs related to these modelling projections.

scholarly journals Comparative study of conceptual versus distributed hydrologic modelling to evaluate the impact of climate change on future runoff in unregulated catchments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Isam Jameel Al-Safi ◽  
Hamideh Kazemi ◽  
P. Ranjan Sarukkalige
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The application of two distinctively different hydrologic models, (conceptual-HBV) and (distributed-BTOPMC), was compared to simulate the future runoff across three unregulated catchments of the Australian Hydrologic Reference Stations (HRSs), namely Harvey catchment in WA, and Beardy and Goulburn catchments in NSW. These catchments have experienced significant runoff reduction during the last decades due to climate change and human activities. The Budyko-elasticity method was employed to assign the influences of human activities and climate change on runoff variations. After estimating the contribution of climate change in runoff reduction from the past runoff regime, the downscaled future climate signals from a multi-model ensemble of eight global climate models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase-5 (CMIP5) under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios were used to simulate the future daily runoff at the three HRSs for the mid-(2046–2065) and late-(2080–2099) 21st-century. Results show that the conceptual model performs better than the distributed model in capturing the observed streamflow across the three contributing catchments. The performance of the models was relatively compatible in the overall direction of future streamflow change, regardless of the magnitude, and incompatible regarding the change in the direction of high and low flows for both future climate scenarios. Both models predicted a decline in wet and dry season's streamflow across the three catchments.

Global Climate Change Opportunity as Well as Challenge to Architecture

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 5289-5292
Author(s):  
Jun Hua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

As known to all, the emission of greenhouse gases is mainly caused by human activities. If we could cut down the emission, we could gradually prevent the influence of climate change. Relevant research shows that in the field of energy consumption, the control of CO2 emission is the most effective way to save energy. Thus, reducing the architectural energy consumption is one of the most crucial factors to realize global climate goals. Although more and more scholars prefer to use the word ‘dilemma’ to describe the urgent contradiction between architectural construction and environment, and energy as well, I still want to discuss the influence of global warming on the architecture industry, and explain why it is an opportunity as well.

scholarly journals Grid-Scale Impact of Climate Change and Human Influence on Soil Erosion within East African Highlands (Kagera Basin)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2775
Author(s):  
Chaodong Li ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Mingyi Yang ◽  
Bo Ma ◽  
Baiqun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
East African Highlands ◽  
The Impact

Under global climate change and pressure from human activities, soil erosion is becoming a major concern in the quest for regional sustainable development in the Kagera basin (KB). However, few studies in this region have comprehensively considered the impact of climate change and human influence on soil erosion, and the associated processes are unclear. Based on the premise of quantifying climate change, human influence, and soil erosion, this study undertook a neighborhood analysis as the theoretical support, for a grey relation analysis which was conducted to realize the qualitative assessment of the influence of climate change and human activities on soil erosion. The results show that 90.32% of the KB saw climate change as having a greater influence on soil erosion than human influence, with the remaining area 9.68% seeing human influence having a greater impact than climate change, mainly as a result of the effect of rangeland and farmland. The average soil erosion rate of the KB shows a very low level (10.54 t ha−1 yr−1), with rangeland and farmland being the main land use/land cover (LULC) types that see soil loss, followed by forest, wetland, and built-up areas. The climate change trends of the KB show the most dramatic changes in the northeast and southwest, gradually decreasing towards the line crossing from the Birunga National Park (Rwanda) to the Keza district (Tanzania). The human influence intensity (HII) shows a high level in the KB (21.93), where it is higher in the west and lower in the east of the basin.

scholarly journals Climate Literacy of Davao City Residents in Coastal Areas

10.17158/479 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma.Teresa M. Gravino ◽  
Princy A. Luga ◽  
Lucila T. Lupo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Climate Literacy ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study was conducted to determine the demographic profile and the level of awareness of climate literacy and mitigation measures of the residents of six selected coastal areas in Davao City, namely, Sasa 11, Brgy. 76A, Bucana, Matina Aplaya, Talomo, and Gulf View. Further, this study determined the mitigation measures of the respondents in terms of the respondents’ actions. Descriptivecorrelation research design was utilized and a total of four hundred twenty eight randomly selected residents to answer a three part Survey Questionnaire. Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation was used to establish the relationship between the respondents’ awareness on global warming and global climate change and their corresponding mitigation measures.Chi-square tests were used to ascertain the association between the respondents’ demographic profile and awareness on global warming and global climate change; and between the respondents’ demographic profile and their corresponding mitigation measures. Study showed that the respondents’ overall awareness on global warming and global climate is moderate but significantly correlated to their actions to mitigate the impact of these phenomena. Analysis of the results also revealed that among the demographic variables, sex and educational attainment are significantly associated while age, socio-economic status and length of stay in the area are not significantly associated. On the other hand, only age and educational attainment show significant association to the level of awareness on global climate change.Moreover, analysis revealed that, age and educational attainment show significant association while sex, socio-economic status and length of stay do not show significant association to the actions of the respondents to mitigate the impact of global warming and global climate change.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Climate literacy, global warming, global climate change, awareness, descriptive research, Davao City, Philippines.</p>

scholarly journals The analysis of the relationship between CO2 level and economic growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Szira Zoltán ◽  
Bárdos Kinga Ilona ◽  
Alghamdi Hani ◽  
Enkhjav Tumentsetseg ◽  
Erika Varga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

2019 was Earth's second warmest year since 1850. In 2019 the global mean temperature was cooler than in 2016, but warmer than any other year explicitly measured. Consequently, 2016 is still the warmest year in historical observation history. Year-to-year rankings are likely to reflect natural fluctuations in the short term, but the overall pattern remains consistent with a long-term global warming trend. This would be predicted from global warming caused by greenhouse gases, temperature increase across the globe is broadly spread, impacting almost all areas of land and oceans. Climate change" and "global warming" are often used interchangeably but are of distinct significance. Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period as a result of human activities, mainly the combustion of fossil fuel, which raises the heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the Earth's air. The term is often used interchangeably with the term climate change, as the latter applies to warming caused both humanly and naturally, and the impact it has on our planet. This is most generally calculated as the average increase in global surface temperature on Earth. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the main reasons for global warming. Since the Industrial Revolution, human sources of carbon dioxide emissions have been growing. Human activities such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, as well as deforestation are the primary cause of the increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. In our research, let’s examine the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and the GDP/capita in developed and developing countries.

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