Impact of Transit Fare Increase on Ridership and Revenue

2005 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Spreadsheet Model ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Work Done ◽  
First Time

On May 4, 2003, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's New York City Transit subsidiary (NYCT) raised its subway and bus fares for the first time since discounted and unlimited-ride MetroCards (electronic fare cards) were introduced between July 1997 and January 1999. Before the 2003 fare increase, the agency did not have any experience with either the direct ridership effects of price changes for unlimited-ride passes or the shift of customers when prices of different fare media increased at different rates and customers could shift from one fare medium to another. Partly on the basis of work done by other transit agencies, NYCT developed a spreadsheet model that used direct fare elasticities to estimate absolute ridership loss and used trip diversion rates (similar to cross-elasticities) to estimate the likelihood that passengers would shift from a fare instrument with a larger percentage increase to one with a smaller increase. The actual shift of customers between fare instruments after the fare increase was greater than projected, with the result of a lower than expected systemwide average fare. The negative revenue impact from the lower average fare was mostly offset by a lower than expected ridership decline. The estimated fare elasticities were below the average of historical NYCT fare elasticities and suggest that customers using unlimited-ride passes were less sensitive to fare changes.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Catherine Keyser
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

In The Great Gatsby (1925), Nick Carraway gazes upon the New York City skyline: Over the great bridge, with the sunlight through the girders making a constant flicker upon the moving cars, with the city rising up across the river in white heaps and sugar lumps all built with a wish out of non-olfactory money. The city seen from the Queensboro Bridge is always the city seen for the first time, in its first wild promise of all the mystery and beauty of the world....

Belford: A Mid-Atlantic Fishing Community Facing Change

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Barbara Jones
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Traditional Fishing

Belford is a small (about 1.32 square miles), relatively isolated, fishing community. It is nestled between Port Monmouth and Leonardo on Route 36 in the Bayshore area of Middletown, New Jersey. It sits across the bay from New York City such that the view from the fishing port is of New York City and the Earle Naval Pier. Belford is a mix of houses and small businesses, although the primary economic focus is the Belford Seafood Cooperative and the beach/fishing access areas. Ethnographic data was collected for the Belford commercial fishing port as part of a larger effort to provide information that can be used to assess the impacts of changes in the regulatory environment on fisheries and fishing communities. The profile of Belford the follows contributes to other work done on the likely social impacts of alternative regulatory actions, as well as developing scientifically defensible criteria for determining fishery dependency. This research also contributes to our understanding of the role of gentrification on traditional fishing communities, particularly the stress gentrification puts on traditional behaviors.

scholarly journals Passenger-Centric Performance Metrics for the New York City Subway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Halvorsen ◽  
Daniel Wood ◽  
Timon Stasko ◽  
Darian Jefferson ◽  
Alla Reddy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Scheduled Time

Like many transit agencies, New York City Transit (NYCT) has long relied on operations-focused metrics to measure its performance. Although these metrics, such as capacity provided and terminal on-time performance, are useful internally to indicate the actions needed to improve service, they typically do not represent the customer experience. To improve its transparency and public communications, NYCT launched a new online Subway Dashboard in September 2017. Two new passenger-centric metrics were developed for the dashboard: additional platform time (APT), the extra time passengers spend waiting for a train over the scheduled time, and additional train time (ATT), the extra time they spend riding a train over the scheduled time. Unlike similar existing metrics, NYCT’s new methodology is easily transferable to other agencies, even those without exit data from an automated fare collection system. Using a representative origin–destination matrix and daily scheduled and actual train movement data, a simplified train assignment model assigns each passenger trip to a train based on scheduled and actual service. APT and ATT are calculated as the difference in travel times between these two assignments for each individual trip and can then be aggregated based on line or time period. These new customer-centric metrics received praise from transit advocates, academics, other agencies, and the press, and are now used within NYCT for communicating with customers, as well as to understand the customer impacts of operational initiatives.

Introduction to the Species Accounts

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
P. A. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
First Time ◽  
Extended Discussion ◽  
Winter Population ◽  
Quantitative Assessments

The core of this book, offering qualitative and quantitative assessments of the migratory, breeding, wintering, and resident avifauna of the Northwest Bronx, New York City back to 1872. The present and historical statuses of 301 study area species and another 70 potential species are described in detail for the Bronx, for New York City, for Long Island, and for Westchester and Rockland Cos. for the first time since 1964. Study area winter population changes are amplified by comparison to their numbers on 90 annual Bronx-Westchester Christmas Bird Counts from 1924. Extended discussion of pertinent identification, ecological, taxonomic, and distributional issues complements the quantitative distribution and occurrence data and update all 371 species to 2016.

The Freethinker, the Jews, and the Missionaries: George Houston and the Mystery of Israel Vindicated

AJS Review ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Society ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
New Yorkers

In 1820, a volume entitled Israel Vindicated, written by "An Israelite," was published in New York City. It was the first Jewish polemic composed in response to the founding of a missionary society, the American Society for Meliorating the Condition of the Jews, and it remained influential throughout the nineteenth century. The author of this work, however, has never been identified. Nor has the volume itself received the attention it deserves. This article attempts to fill both of these lacunae.Section one describes and analyzes Israel Vindicated. It places the work within the context of its times, and compares it to other, more traditional anti-Christian polemics. Section two outlines the postpublication history of Israel Vindicated. Soon after it appeared, some New Yorkers attempted to have the work banned, and its author exposed and punished. Later, the work was variously invoked by Jews and Judeophobes alike, though, of course, for different purposes. In section three, the author of Israel Vindicated assumes center stage. A review of old and new evidence leads to the conclusion that the work flowed from the pen of freethinker George Houston, assisted probably by his Jewish printer, Abraham Collins. Finally, section four analyzes the motivations of George Houston and his Jewish supporters. As is shown, this was far from the first time that Jews joined forces temporarily with other, sometimes hostile minority groups in pursuit of self-interest. Adversity makes strange bedfellows.

Beyond the Melting Pot 35 Years Later: On the Relevance of a Sociological Classic for the Immigration Metropolis of Today

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Alba
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African Americans ◽  
York City ◽  
American City ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Sociological Society ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Yorkers ◽  
Accessible Form

The following essays were originally presented at a symposium at the 1998 annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society. The charge to the authors was to revisit Beyond the Melting Pot, the classic statement about ethnicity, race, and the American city, first published in 1963, and to assess how well its interpretations apply to the contemporary immigration metropolis. The commentators included two New Yorkers (Nancy Foner and Philip Kasinitz), since New York City was the terrain of the book, and two non-New Yorkers (Elijah Anderson and Alejandro Portes). Their commentaries touch on many points in the immigration landscape of today, from immigration's impacts on African Americans to immigrant transnationalism, and identify a number of continuities and discontinuities between the contemporary metropolis and that of nearly four decades ago. Further, Nathan Glazer's response provides, for the first time in a widely accessible form, his reflections on how well the book's portrait and predictions have held up. I am grateful to the IMR editor, Lydio Tomasi, and the journal's board for the opportunity to present this symposium to readers.

The Impact of Shelter Environment, Parental Communication, and Supervision on Depression Outcomes Among an Urban Sample of Adolescent First-Time Shelter Users in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 3075-3095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binta Alleyne-Green ◽  
Alex Kulick ◽  
Hadiza L. Osuji ◽  
Nisha Beharie ◽  
Yvette Sealy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Parental Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Urban Sample ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Using data from the cross-sectional HIV prevention Outreach for Parents and Early Adolescents (HOPE) study, we explored the impact of shelter environment, quality parenting, as well as the effects of gender and first-time shelter use on depression outcomes among 243 adolescent shelter users in New York City. Results indicate comfort in the shelter environment, and higher rates of monitoring and supervision were associated with lower rates of depression. Girls residing in shelters for the first time reported highest rates of depression. Recommendations for future interventions with this population are discussed.

scholarly journals Narcissus Garden for Sale: «one piece 2 dollars»

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Portinari
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Marina Abramovic ◽  
Yayoi Kusama ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Venice Biennale

Things that do not exist or should not exist and ‘ghetto exhibitions’ mark some counterpoints on the presence of female artists and on first performance actions at Venice Biennale in the 1960s and the 1970s. Yayoi Kusama, who created Narcissus Garden without being invited in 1966; Marina Abramović and Ulay, invited for the first time in 1976 but in an external venue; and Paula Claire’s action, between others, at the exhibition Materializzazioni del Linguaggio curated in 1978 by Mirella Bentivoglio, mark two crucial decades of increasingly contemporary trend at the Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte of Venice. This essay connects new relationships between Yayoi Kusama presence, art galleries in New York City, Milan, Venice and other main characters in the art system of the 1960s.

A Hinduism of their Own: Emerging Guyanese Hindu Reading Practices in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-143
Author(s):  
Rupa Pillai
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
York City ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Hindu Community ◽  
First Time

Abstract Immigrating to New York City presents new issues for Indo--Guyanese, especially as many find themselves in lower class positions while navigating a racial structure distinct from Guyana. A subset of these Indo--Guyanese Americans, particularly middle class women as well as the 1.5-- and second generation, believes Guyanese Hinduism, the forms of Hinduism adapted to the Guyanese context, must adapt again to continue to be relevant to the community in their new home. Central to their call is questioning the religious authority of pandits. As I will discuss, pandits occupy a powerful position in Guyanese Hindu community that extends beyond the religious sphere. The key to their authority lies in their ability and skill to read and interpret Hindu scripture. However, I argue the realities of migration have resulted in a questioning of religious authority and how pandits read these texts. With some Guyanese Hindus uncertain of the reliability of their pandit’s reading of scriptural text, there is a desire to engage in a Hinduism untainted by the biases of pandits. The presumed truth held within Hindu scripture has inspired some devotees to return to the text or rather to engage the text on their own for the first time. As a result, new reading practices are appearing within the community, which encourages Guyanese Hindus to craft a Hinduism that will serve them.

Chaikovskii’s Visit to Prague in 1888

Slavic Review ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland John Wiley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
High Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Carnegie Hall

The foreign travels of Petr Il'ich Chaikovskii have never been a particular issue to scholars of his life and work. Even in such demonstrably important cases as his visits to the opening of the Bayreuth Festival and to Paris during which he heard Bizet’s Carmen for the first time, his tours—which brought him as far as New York City for the opening of Carnegie Hall—are treated perfunctorily, without objectivity, balance, or due regard for the impact his travel may have had on his music. This is not surprising, since Chaikovskii was not by profession a touring virtuoso; it is his musical composition which looms large in the biography as a whole. An experience which was called “the high point of earthly glory” the composer was destined to achieve, however, merits examination in detail. Chaikovskii himself claimed his visit to Prague in February 1888 constituted the “best and happiest days of [his] life” and brought him a “moment of absolute bliss.” An investigation of why Chaikovskii considered his stay there important is essential. Because the exploration of these questions depends on a scrutiny of Russian sources, this article will also be an investigation of how documents are used (or misused) to write history.

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