Development of a Cost Estimation Framework for Potential Transload Facilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (9) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Sadie Smith ◽  
Andrew Braham ◽  
Sarah Hernandez ◽  
John Kent
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

As the cost of transportation continues to rise and there is a growing push for a more environmentally friendly transportation network, optimizing mode distributions becomes an attractive solution. One way to optimize mode distributions is through strategically located freight transfer facilities, such as transload facilities. While there are many benefits to this type of facility, such as the emissions savings or pavement damage reductions garnered by shifting commodity tonnage onto alternative modes of transport, it is also essential that transportation planners understand the costs associated with building transload facilities. Unfortunately, literature does not provide an adequately disaggregated and scalable cost estimation approach that could be applied to various configurations and types of transload facilities. In this research, a cost estimation framework was created to determine the basic cost of transload facilities by type using unit costs from a construction cost database, equipment costs from local dealers, the projected commodity tonnage, design recommendations from literature, and survey responses from local facilities. A case study based upon proposed facilities in Arkansas was completed to illustrate the effectiveness of this methodology. While there is currently no construction design for these facilities, this framework yielded costs consistent with those expected. A key finding was that storage costs could account for up to 81% of a transload facility’s costs. Overall, this cost framework is believed to balance general scalability with accuracy well to provide reasonable cost estimations for constructing new or expanded facilities.

Design and Analysis of Manufacturing Component Under Sustainability Considerations: A Case Study of Electronic and Mechanical Indexing Head for Milling Operation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nand K. Jha ◽  
Mahmoud M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Solid Modeling ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Milling Operation ◽  
The Cost

An attempt has been made to design and analyze Indexing Head a very important component in milling operation under sustainability considerations. The design of each component of indexing head is presented along with solid modeling and finite element analysis. The cost estimation for indexing head for milling operation is also presented. The design and finite element analysis of indexing head should be utilized by manufacturers of this very useful device in milling operation. It is used for cutting gears, spirals, splines, etc. The cost estimated of the manufactured indexing head shows it to be within reasonable limits of market. Finite element analysis of each component is safe. An electronic indexing is suggested as an improvement over the mechanical indexing head. A schematic of electronic indexing is presented. The electronic indexing head can be used with milling machine not provided with indexing head and will be portable. The minimum energy needed to manufacture the indexing head is also estimated.

scholarly journals Assessment Cost Estimation for Component Based Software: A Tool Based Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2955-2963
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Software Cost Estimation ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Component Selection ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Theoretical Cost

Assessment cost of the software component contributes a major part in software cost estimation and it is one of the major cost of the software out of- integration cost i.e. the cost of glue codes, assessment costs and tailoring cost. Many researchers have proposed formulas for evaluating assessment and tailoring costs theoretically. Assessment cost is very often considered to be theoretical cost which involves cost of component selection and composition. According to Moguel Goulao et. al assessment cost for overall component can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively both. He has suggested that qualitative measurement is mostly based on views provided by the experts whereas the quantitative measurement is more subjective and repetitive in nature. Various metrics has been suggested by different authors to quantitatively measure the assessment cost for software components. In this work we applying the metrics on case study of UCRS and developed a tool for evaluating the assessment cost which can be used in calculating the overall cost of the software.

A Multi-Objective and Multi-Level Design Optimization Method for Oil and Gas Ducts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cicconi ◽  
Vincenzo Castorani ◽  
Michele Germani ◽  
Marco Mandolini ◽  
Alessio Vita
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Cost

The paper proposes a methodological approach to support the multi-objective (i.e. cost and structural performance) optimization of complex systems, typical of the oil & gas sector. The complexity is managed through a double-level of optimization. The first one, based on simplified product models (1-D and 0-D), considers an analytical approach for the structural behavior and a parametric one for the cost estimation. The second level considers the use of a 3-D FEM solver for structural simulations, and an analytical tool for the cost estimation. As case study, the paper proposes the design optimization of an oil & gas chimney for gas turbines. The workflow analyzed during the case study describes the use of a multi-objective and multi-level approach to optimize cost, weigh, and structural behavior of oil & gas ducts.

Analysis and Cost Estimation of a Total Site Using R-Curve

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sh. Karimkashi ◽  
M. Amidpour
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Utility System ◽  
Graphical Tool ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Cost

In large processing sites the cost of fuel and power can be very significant and better management of the utility system can lead to significant cost savings. The R-curve is an analysis tool that provides guidelines for the cogeneration efficiency for a given site power-to-heat ratio demand of an ideal utility system. In this paper, the actual R-curve is combined with another graphical tool, representing the cost of cogeneration potential of a site. In fact in each case, actual R-curve is constructed and then another curve of ‘R-ratio vs. TAC’ is constructed to demonstrate the cost of each point of the R-Curve. Finally showing the results obtained for a case study, it is suggested to change sizes of the turbines in the utility system to improve the R-curve and also decrease the TAC for the same R-ratios. These changes are almost dependent to the case being studied.

scholarly journals Concept Design of a Bulk Carrier Retrofit with LNG Fuel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I CK Tam ◽  
A Kr Dev ◽  
CW Ng ◽  
L Deltin ◽  
I Stoytchev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Lng Fuel ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

This report showed a case study of a mini-cape size bulk carrier of being retrofitted for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuel and the selection of its new fuel tanks to meet the stringent emissions requirement. The vessel was equipped with a dual fuel ready (DFR) engine before the retrofit. Engine manufacturer will supply and replace engine parts for LNG fueled operations with no significant modification of the engine structure required. The detailed engineering design considerations were studied with cost reduction and minimum downtime set as ultimate objectives. Top-down and bottom-up approaches for cost estimation are used in this analysis. The analysis was determined by life cycle cost and management costs. The cost analysis showed the payback period of an LNG fueled ship retrofit is 4.5 years against a 0.5%S compliant fueled vessel. The payback period is considered reasonable and it shows retrofitting vessels for LNG fuel as an attractive option in meeting new regulation for ship-owners. If the shipyard standardizes the tank construction including outfitting, the specified cost may even go lower. A further reduction is also anticipated with repeating orders of similar vessels.

scholarly journals Analysis the Appropriate using Standard Costing Applying in Land Cost Component of Real Estate Development Activities: A Case Study of PT Subur Agung

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Elfrida Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Standard Cost ◽  
Land Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Land Improvement

Standard cost is generally used by manufacturing business, which direct material, labor, and factory overhead are cleared allocated. On real estate business in this case PT Subur Agung use standard cost based on three costs, raw land, land improvement and interest expense categories instead of direct material, direct labor and overhead. Developer use these cost to predict the project cost and estimate the pre-selling price, in accordance with the cost estimation classification matrix, the variance range is in the expected accuracy rate by testing the variance percentage between standard cost and actual cost. The additional similar projects in PT Subur Agung also follow the same scope. All these evidences have proved the appropriate using standard costing in land cost component of real estate development activities but how it applies this article will analyze in this particular project with using descriptive and exploratory method. The analysis started by knowing the conceptual situation of PT Subur Agung and the data was presented in tables and calculation with detail explanation. 

Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) Model for Cost Estimation of Assembly for a SSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Ashwin Bhimrao Ganorkar ◽  
Ramesh Ramchandra Lakhe ◽  
Kamalkishor N. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Small Scale Industries

Costing is an important issue in a competitive world. Many companies had adopted TDABC for better cost visibility. Assembly is very common activity in the small scale industries (SSI). In a SSI, many operations like riveting, drilling, fastening, loosening and tightening, hammering, labeling, aligning, etc. are carried out at the time of assembly. Also the sequence and the time of the operating vary for each product. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate the cost of complex assembly. This paper proposed a time driven activity based costing (TDABC) model to estimate the cost of assembly for SSI. TDABC uses time equations to estimate the time required for an activity. A new approach to develop the time equation using maynard operation sequence technique (MOST) is presented. This paper also presents the modification in the time equation to handle the complexity of the activity. The application of the model is presented with the case study. The cost analysis helps to identify the opportunities for low cost assembly solution.

PREDICTING COST CONTINGENCY FOR PRIVATE PROJECTS: CASE STUDY IN VIETNAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN TUAN KIET ◽  
SOO-YONG KIM ◽  
VAN TRUONG LUU ◽  
LE VAN HUNG ◽  
LE HUU DAT
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Quality Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
The Cost

Actual cost in construction projects has tended to exceed the project budgets. Thus, cost contingency from the initial of the project is the significant budget to complete project activities. Cost contingency is an important element of  cost estimation to protect project stakeholders such as owners, contractors, and architects from the risks of the project. This paper reviewed the previous studies to find the factors affecting cost contingency and proposed a regression model to predict the cost contingency for private projects in Vietnam. Through industry survey, project performance information from a total of 48 private projects in Vietnam was gathered. The research also compared with other studies to have an overview about cost contingency predicting methods. The key benefit of this research is that the project managers can use this model as another forecasting method to get a better quality cost management. The further research can be focused on developing the model for other project types in Vietnam.

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