Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Pedestrian Crashes in Rural Illinois

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (38) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghunandan Baireddy ◽  
Huaguo Zhou ◽  
Mohammad Jalayer
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Random Events ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes

During the five-year period between 2010 and 2014, there were 24,178 pedestrian crashes in Illinois. Approximately 4.39% of these pedestrian crashes occurred in rural areas; and approximately 40% of the crashes resulted in a severe injury or a fatality. Thus, pedestrian safety problems exist in rural locales, and the factors contributing to these problems need to be investigated. The goal of this study is to answer the question: “Which variable categories, when acting together, contribute more to the occurrence of pedestrian crashes in rural areas?” Crashes are random events stemming from the convergence of various factors. However, traditional statistical tools can only make pairwise comparisons of dependent and independent variables. Therefore, it is necessary to apply an analytical tool that can identify complex underlying structures in crash data and spot associations among variable categories that contribute to crash occurrence. The multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) method, which is used in this study, can do just that. According to the obtained results, categories of variables such as roadway functional class, the number of lanes, lighting conditions, weather conditions, traffic control devices, driver condition, and pedestrian condition were proved to contribute to pedestrian crashes in rural Illinois.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Crash Exposure Analysis Using Alternative Geographically Weighted Regression Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Seyed Ahmad Almasi ◽  
Hamid Reza Behnood ◽  
Ramin Arvin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
Gaussian Regression ◽  
Crash Exposure ◽  
Surrogate Measures

In order to develop a sustainable, safe, and dynamic transportation system, proper attention must be paid to the safety of pedestrians. The purpose of this study is to analyze the surrogate measures related to pedestrian crash exposure in urban roads, including the use of sociodemographic characteristics, land use, and geometric characteristics of the network. This study develops pedestrian exposure models using geographical spatial models including geographically weighted regression (GWR), geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR), and geographically weighted Gaussian regression (GWGR). In general, the results of the GWPR model show that the presence of a bus station, population density, type of residential use, average number of lanes, number of traffic control cameras, and sidewalk width are negatively associated with increasing the number of crashes. In this study, in order to identify traffic analysis zones (TAZ) based on the observed and predicted crash data, spatial distance-based methods using GWPR outputs have been used. This study shows the dispersion and density of pedestrian crashes without possessing the volume of pedestrians. Comparison of the performance of GWPR and Poisson models shows a significant spatial heterogeneity in the analysis.

scholarly journals Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Casado-Sanz ◽  
Begoña Guirao ◽  
Antonio Lara Galera ◽  
Maria Attard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes

According to the Spanish General Traffic Accident Directorate, in 2017 a total of 351 pedestrians were killed, and 14,322 pedestrians were injured in motor vehicle crashes in Spain. However, very few studies have been conducted in order to analyse the main factors that contribute to pedestrian injury severity. This study analyses the accidents that involve a single vehicle and a single pedestrian on Spanish crosstown roads from 2006 to 2016 (1535 crashes). The factors that explain these accidents include infractions committed by the pedestrian and the driver, crash profiles, and infrastructure characteristics. As a preliminary tool for the segmentation of 1535 pedestrian crashes, a k-means cluster analysis was applied. In addition, multinomial logit (MNL) models were used for analysing crash data, where possible outcomes were fatalities and severe and minor injured pedestrians. According to the results of these models, the risk factors associated with pedestrian injury severity are as follows: visibility restricted by weather conditions or glare, infractions committed by the pedestrian (such as not using crossings, crossing unlawfully, or walking on the road), infractions committed by the driver (such as distracted driving and not respecting a light or a crossing), and finally, speed infractions committed by drivers (such as inadequate speed). This study proposes the specific safety countermeasures that in turn will improve overall road safety in this particular type of road.

scholarly journals Daytime or Overnight Deliveries? Perceptions of Drivers and Retailers in São Paulo City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro A. P. Dias ◽  
Hugo Yoshizaki ◽  
Patricia Favero ◽  
Jose Geraldo Vidal Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The City

This research aims to analyze the perception of logistics operators and retailers regarding freight deliveries in the city of São Paulo. Based on a survey applied to 100 logistics operators and 84 retailers, the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to investigate the logistics efficiency of off-hours deliveries (OHD) and to indicate issues when carrying out OHD. From that sample, noise appears as the most critical issue of OHD for retailers. From the results, most logistics operators and retailers prefer to deliver cargo at night. The advantages of making OHD are the ability to check/store goods, the accuracy in the delivery schedule due to traffic conditions, and the ease of parking a vehicle to offload goods. Public authorities should improve the infrastructure to receive goods, including public lighting conditions and sidewalks. The correspondence analysis method showed that the level of customer service quality depends on the punctuality of the trucks and the ability to check and store goods. Furthermore, by highlighting the logistics efficiency and issues related to daytime and overnight deliveries by carriers and receivers, it can guide public polices and initiatives of other companies, an aspect that has been lacking in the literature.

Aircraft runway excursion features: a multiple correspondence analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Distefano ◽  
Salvatore Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Dimensional Euclidean Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Aircraft System

Purpose The risk of aircraft runway excursion, dependent on multiple factors, is related to operating conditions. The purpose of this paper is to identify the correspondence between features belonging to different aspects that occur in runway excursion events, distinguishing between take-off and landing phases. Design/methodology/approach To define the correspondence between the characteristic features of runway excursions, this study has applied multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). MCA is used to represent and model data sets as “clouds” of points in a multi-dimensional Euclidean space. There are five variables used in MCA: geographical region, potential cause, aircraft class, flight nature and aircraft damages. For the purpose of this research, the database contains only runway excursion accidents that took place between 2006 and 2016 among all categories of aircraft in all world regions. The events contained in the database were analyzed by separating those that occurred during take-off and those that occurred during landing. Findings With this method, this study identified a few particularly interesting variable combinations. Generally, the consequence of an aircraft runway excursion is substantial aircraft damage. Also, the most common cause of runway excursion during take-off is aircraft system faults, while during landing, it is weather conditions. Furthermore, the destruction of an aircraft is a result of a runway excursion due to bad weather conditions, both during take-off and landing. Practical implications The results of this study can be used by a broad range of civil aviation organizations for runway risk assessment and to select the most effective safety countermeasures for runway excursions. Originality/value The authors believe this study is original, especially for the statistical analysis method used.

Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Wrong-Way Driving Fatal Crashes on Freeways

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110152
Author(s):  
Yukun Song ◽  
Huaguo Zhou ◽  
Qing Chang ◽  
Mohammad Jalayer
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Fatal Crashes

The objective of this study is to identify clusters of contributing factors associated with the occurrence of wrong-way driving (WWD) fatal crashes on freeways using the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) method based on the Burt matrix with an adjustment of inertias. A total of 14 years (2004–2017) of WWD fatal crash data were extracted from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database. A standard procedure was developed to extract the WWD crash information (including a total of 3,817 crashes) on freeways from the FARS. Each crash contains various characteristics of crashes, vehicles, and drivers, for example, crash time, crash location, vehicle type, driver age, and so forth. The MCA analysis used a total of 19 key variables with 67 defined categories. The results of this study indicate that four clusters of factors which, when combined, might contribute to the occurrence of some WWD fatal crashes. These four clusters were: (1) younger drivers, driving under the influence (DUI), midnight/early morning, lower speed limit (45–50 mph), urban areas, and street lighting; (2) older drivers, non-DUI drivers, and daylight; (3) dark/no light, 18:00 to 23:59 p.m., higher speed limits (65 mph or more), and rural areas; and (4) rain/snow/sleet/hail/fog, and wet road surface.

Relevant issues of land reclamation development in Non-black Earth area

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Aleksey Ivanov ◽  
Yuri Yanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Roots ◽  
Social Economic Development

Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.

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