Regional and Local Economic Effects from Proximity of High-Speed Rail Stations in Japan: Difference-in-Differences and Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetpan Wetwitoo ◽  
Hironori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Level Analysis

This paper gives empirical evidence about the economic effects of the proximity of high-speed rail (HSR) on regional/local production and labor productivity in Japan. The effects on regional and local scales are analyzed based on a Difference-in-Differences (DID) method and a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method. The prefecture-level analysis investigates the effect on regional production at the prefecture level from 1981 to 2006 and the municipality-level analysis investigates the effect on the local tax revenue and the tax revenue per capita at the municipality level, particularly focusing on new HSR extensions between 2010 and 2015. The results from both levels showed statistically insignificant estimations of both the DID effect and the Average Treatment effect on the Treated from PSM, which implies that, on average, there is no direct effect from the proximity to HSR services on regional or local production or productivity. One of the potential reasons, the range of the distance from the HSR services at which the impact on the local economy is felt, is discussed. Further analysis showed that the range at which HSR services have an impact on local tax revenue per payer could vary from 10 to 30 km, depending on local characteristics in the location of the HSR station.

scholarly journals Effect of integrated urban and rural residents medical insurance on the utilisation of medical services by residents in China: a propensity score matching with difference-in-differences regression approach

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e026408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Su ◽  
Ying-chun Chen ◽  
Hong-xia Gao ◽  
Hao-miao Li ◽  
Jing-jing Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Regression Approach

ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of urban and rural resident medical insurance scheme (URRMI) on the utilisation of medical services by urban and rural residents in the four pilot provinces.Setting and participantsThe sample used in this study is 13 305 individuals, including 2620 in the treatment group and 10 685 in the control group, from the 2011 and 2015 surveys of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Outcome measuresPropensity score matching and difference-in-differences regression approach (PSM-DID) is used in the study. First, we match the baseline data by using kernel matching. Then, the average treatment effect of the four outcome variables are analysed by using the DID model. Finally, the robustness of the PSM-DID estimation is tested by simple model and radius matching.ResultsKernel matching have improved the overall balance after matching. The URRMI policy has significantly reduced the need-but-not outpatient care and significantly increased outpatient care cost and inpatient care cost for rural residents, with DID value of −0.271, 0.090 and 0.256, respectively. After robustness test, the DID competing results of four outcome variables are consistent.ConclusionsURRMI has a limited effect on the utilisation of medical and health services by all residents, but the effect on rural residents is obvious. The government should establish a unified or income-matching payment standard to prevent, control the use of medical insurance funds and increase its efforts to implement URRMI integration in more regions to improve overall fundraising levels.

Was it worth it? The impact of the German minimum wage on union membership of employees

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110358
Author(s):  
Simon Ress ◽  
Florian Spohr
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
German Trade ◽  
The Impact

This contribution scrutinises how introducing a statutory minimum wage of EUR 8.50 per hour, in January 2015, impacted German employees’ decision with regard to union membership. Based on representative data from the Labour Market and Social Security panel, the study applies a logistic difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach on entries into and withdrawals from unions in the German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB). The results show no separate effect on withdrawals from or entries into unions after the minimum wage introduction for those employees who benefited financially from it, but a significant increase of entries overall. Thus, unions’ campaign for a minimum wage strengthened their position in total but did not reverse the segmentation of union membership patterns.

scholarly journals Impact of Oil Palm Expansion on Farmers’ Crop Income and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: An Application of Propensity Score Matching

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Alwarritzi ◽  
Teruaki Nanseki ◽  
Yosuke Chomei
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Order Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
Crop Income

<p>In order to solve serious problem on the lack of job opportunity and poverty in Indonesia, oil palm expansion driven by smallholders have been taken into the economic development agenda. The evidence shows that oil palm expansion by smallholders have a great performance for improving livelihood of rural community. Thus, this study aims to estimate the causal effect of oil palm expansion on farmers’ livelihoods in Indonesia. Using cross-sectional data from 271 households in Riau Province, the determinants of farmers’ decisions to expand oil palm farm size and the impacts of expansion are analyzed. Propensity Score Matching was employed in order to deal with self-selection biased in the evaluation of oil palm expansion impact. In the first step, logit model was applied to analyze the determinant of oil palm expansion. In the second step, each observation is matched with a similar propensity score value in order estimate the average treatment effect for the treated (ATT). Empirical results show that number of family members actively involved in oil palm cultivation, farmers’ financial assets, contract farming, and distance to the market are significantly associated with likelihood for expanding farm size. Positive and significant impacts of crop income from oil palm and <em>per capita </em>expenditures, confirms that oil palm expansion help reducing the problem of job opportunity and poverty in Indonesia. This study implicates that, to improve oil palm expansion practice in Indonesia, several schemes must be considered: enhancing human resources development, integrating oil palm marketing schemes, and improving infrastructure facilities.</p>

scholarly journals Factors Determining the Success of HSR Building Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Elena M. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Scientific Result ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The article reviews the world experience in the construction and operation of high-speed railways in terms of factors that determine the success or failure of such projects. Since the construction of HSR is often considered as a part of national projects on a broader scale, it is proposed to use as criteria for success not only commercial indicators, but also various socio-economic effects arising from their implementation. The author classifies externalities that reflect the impact of HSR on the development of regions and cities and presents the results of foreign research on their quantitative and qualitative analysis. Special attention is paid to the experience of China, since this country significantly differs from the rest of the world in terms of development of high-speed rail traffic. In this regard, the largest amount of representative data that allows us to identify the success factors of HSR projects can be found for Chinese projects. The main scientific result of this article is a generalization of the existing experience of HSR construction projects and justification of the prospects for implementing such projects in the Russian Federation.

Impact of mobile money access on internal remittances, consumption expenditure and household welfare in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Twumasi Baffour ◽  
Wassiuw Abdul Rahaman ◽  
Ibrahim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Transfer Services

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of mobile money access on internal remittances received, per capita consumption expenditure and welfare of household in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study used data from the latest round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) and employed the propensity score matching technique to estimate average treatment effect between users and non-users of mobile money transfer services.FindingsThe study finds that using mobile money is welfare enhancing, particularly for poor households and the channel by which it impacts on welfare is through higher internal remittances received and per capita expenditure. The results from the average treatment effect indicate that mobile money users receive significantly higher remittances and consequently spend averagely higher on consumption than non-users.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the data employed in this study is limited to one country, the findings support the financial inclusion role and developmental impact of mobile money transfer services. Hence, mobile money transfer services should be promoted and facilitated by the telecommunication and financial sector regulators.Originality/valueIn addition to making original contribution to the literature on the welfare impact of mobile money, the study's use of the propensity score matching is unique.

scholarly journals Estimating Treatment Effects of Unit-Based Pricing of Household Solid Waste Disposal

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Christopher Wright ◽  
John M. Halstead ◽  
Ju-Chin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Annual Reduction

Propensity score matching is used to estimate treatment effects when data are observational. Results presented in this study demonstrate the use of propensity score matching to evaluate the average treatment effect of unit-based pricing of household trash for reducing municipal solid waste disposal. Average treatment effect of the treated for 34 New Hampshire communities range from an annual reduction of 631 pounds per household to 823 pounds per household. This represents an annual reduction of 42 percent to 54 percent from an average of 1530 pounds per household if a town did not adopt municipal solid waste user fees.

Signaling Under Threat: Evidence of Voluntary Disclosure in Contested Takeovers

2020 ◽  
pp. 0148558X2096781
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Lobo ◽  
Kangzhen Xie ◽  
Claire J. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Good News ◽  
Earnings Guidance ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Target Management

We investigate voluntary disclosure strategies in contested takeovers and the associated economic consequences. Using a difference-in-differences research design and propensity score matching, we find that, relative to friendly takeovers, target management in contested takeovers provides more earnings guidance and conveys more good news during the takeover. Moreover, voluntary disclosure helps contested targets negotiate a better offer, and the results are stronger for targets with more information asymmetry. Collectively, targets adopt voluntary disclosure and alter their strategies under the threat of contested takeover to enhance their bargaining power. Voluntary disclosure by contested targets serves as a negotiation tactic that potentially benefits target shareholders.

scholarly journals subsidio a la demanda educativa en la asistencia a la Educación Media en Uruguay

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Menese Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Capital Humano

En Uruguay las tasas de egreso de Educación Media son cercanas al 40%, de las más bajas de toda América Latina. Una de las estrategias de combate a la desigualdad educativa fue, en el año 2008, la ampliación, el refuerzo y la focalización de las Asignaciones Familiares, uno de los programas de transferencia monetaria condicionada más antiguos y de mayor alcance. De este modo, a través del incremento de una partida monetaria mensual se subsidia el gasto educativo privado, y los individuos provenientes de los hogares de menores ingresos pueden afrontar los costos de continuar escolarizados, invirtiendo en capital humano y rompiendo el ciclo de la vulnerabilidad económica. El objetivo de este trabajo es observar el efecto de un programa de subsidio al gasto educativo privado en la asistencia a la Educación Media. Para ello se utiliza una serie armonizada de la Encuesta Continua de Hogares desde el año 2001 al 2017 en la cual, a través de una combinación de cuasi experimentos tales como Propensity Score Matching y Difference in Differences se evalúa el impacto de las Asignaciones Familiares y de la ampliación de régimen desde el año 2008, en la asistencia a la Educación Media Básica y Educación Media Superior. Entre los principales resultados se destaca el efecto significativo y positivo de las Asignaciones Familiares en la asistencia a la Educación Media Básica, con un incremento de la magnitud luego de la reforma de 2008. En cambio, en Educación Media Superior las Asignaciones Familiares tuvieron un efecto nulo previo a 2008, y negativo posteriormente. 

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