Microsystems in Medicine

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wallrabe ◽  
P. Ruther ◽  
T. Schaller ◽  
W. K. Schomburg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Batch Fabrication ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Plastic Containers

The complexity of modern surgical and analytical methods requires the miniaturisation of many medical devices. The LIGA technique and also mechanical microengineering are well known for the batch fabrication of microsystems. Actuators and sensors are developed based on these techniques. The hydraulic actuation principle is advantageous for medical applications since the energy may be supplied by pressurised balanced salt solution. Some examples are turbines, pumps and valves. In addition, optical sensors and components are useful for analysis and inspection as represented by microspectrometers and spherical lenses. Finally, plastic containers with microporous bottoms allow a 3-dimensional growth of cell culture systems.

scholarly journals 3D printing in cell culture systems and medical applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 041109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max J. Lerman ◽  
Josephine Lembong ◽  
Greg Gillen ◽  
John P. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Matrix-Containing and Humanised Matrix-Free 3-Dimensional Cell Culture Systems for Studying Breast Cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e0157004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace C. Roberts ◽  
Paul G. Morris ◽  
Marcus A. Moss ◽  
Sarah L. Maltby ◽  
Chelsea A. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Matrix Free ◽  
Dimensional Cell

Recent Progress in Prediction Systems for Drug-induced Liver Injury Using in vitro Cell Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Ozawa ◽  
Toshitaka Miura ◽  
Jun Terashima ◽  
Wataru Habano ◽  
Seiichi Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protein Adducts ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

Background: In order to avoid drug-induced liver injury (DILI), in vitro assays, which enable the assessment of both metabolic activation and immune reaction processes that ultimately result in DILI, are needed. Objective: In this study, the recent progress in the application of in vitro assays using cell culture systems is reviewed for potential DILI-causing drugs/xenobiotics and a mechanistic study on DILI, as well as for the limitations of in vitro cell culture systems for DILI research. Methods: Information related to DILI was collected through a literature search of the PubMed database. Results: The initial biological event for the onset of DILI is the formation of cellular protein adducts after drugs have been metabolically activated by drug metabolizing enzymes. The damaged peptides derived from protein adducts lead to the activation of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and recognition by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which destroy hepatocytes through immunological reactions. Because DILI is a major cause of drug attrition and drug withdrawal, numerous in vitro systems consisting of hepatocytes and immune/inflammatory cells, or spheroids of human primary hepatocytes containing non-parenchymal cells have been developed. These cellular-based systems have identified DILIinducing drugs with approximately 50% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Conclusion: Different co-culture systems consisting of human hepatocyte-derived cells and other immune/inflammatory cells have enabled the identification of DILI-causing drugs and of the actual mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Continuous Based Direct Ink Write for Tubular Cardiovascular Medical Devices

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Enric Casanova-Batlle ◽  
Antonio J. Guerra ◽  
Joaquim Ciurana
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
End User ◽  
Cardiovascular Stents ◽  
Direct Ink Writing ◽  
Late Restenosis ◽  
Printing Parameters

Bioresorbable cardiovascular applications are increasing in demand as fixed medical devices cause episodes of late restenosis. The autologous treatment is, so far, the gold standard for vascular grafts due to the similarities to the replaced tissue. Thus, the possibility of customizing each application to its end user is ideal for treating pathologies within a dynamic system that receives constant stimuli, such as the cardiovascular system. Direct Ink Writing (DIW) is increasingly utilized for biomedical purposes because it can create composite bioinks by combining polymers and materials from other domains to create DIW-printable materials that provide characteristics of interest, such as anticoagulation, mechanical resistance, or radiopacity. In addition, bioinks can be tailored to encounter the optimal rheological properties for the DIW purpose. This review delves into a novel emerging field of cardiovascular medical applications, where this technology is applied in the tubular 3D printing approach. Cardiovascular stents and vascular grafts manufactured with this new technology are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of blending inks with cells, composite materials, or drugs are highlighted. Furthermore, the printing parameters and the different possibilities of designing these medical applications have been explored.

scholarly journals Mammary gland 3D cell culture systems in farm animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Finot ◽  
Eric Chanat ◽  
Frederic Dessauge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

AbstractIn vivo study of tissue or organ biology in mammals is very complex and progress is slowed by poor accessibility of samples and ethical concerns. Fortunately, however, advances in stem cell identification and culture have made it possible to derive in vitro 3D “tissues” called organoids, these three-dimensional structures partly or fully mimicking the in vivo functioning of organs. The mammary gland produces milk, the source of nutrition for newborn mammals. Milk is synthesized and secreted by the differentiated polarized mammary epithelial cells of the gland. Reconstructing in vitro a mammary-like structure mimicking the functional tissue represents a major challenge in mammary gland biology, especially for farm animals for which specific agronomic questions arise. This would greatly facilitate the study of mammary gland development, milk secretion processes and pathological effects of viral or bacterial infections at the cellular level, all with the objective of improving milk production at the animal level. With this aim, various 3D cell culture models have been developed such as mammospheres and, more recently, efforts to develop organoids in vitro have been considerable. Researchers are now starting to draw inspiration from other fields, such as bioengineering, to generate organoids that would be more physiologically relevant. In this chapter, we will discuss 3D cell culture systems as organoids and their relevance for agronomic research.

In vitro cytotoxicity of macromolecules in different cell culture systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suthummar Choksakulnimitr ◽  
Sada Masuda ◽  
Hideaki Tokuda ◽  
Yoshinobu Takakura ◽  
Mitsuru Hashida
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

scholarly journals Unique Features of Hepatitis C Virus Capsid Formation Revealed by De Novo Cell-Free Assembly

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (17) ◽  
pp. 9257-9269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Klein ◽  
Stephen J. Polyak ◽  
Jaisri R. Lingappa
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Capsid Assembly ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Capsid Formation ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

ABSTRACT The assembly of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is poorly understood, largely due to the lack of mammalian cell culture systems that are easily manipulated and produce high titers of virus. This problem is highlighted by the inability of the recently established HCV replicon systems to support HCV capsid assembly despite high levels of structural protein synthesis. Here we demonstrate that up to 80% of HCV core protein synthesized de novo in cell-free systems containing rabbit reticulocyte lysate or wheat germ extracts assembles into HCV capsids. This contrasts with standard primate cell culture systems, in which almost no core assembles into capsids. Cell-free HCV capsids, which have a sedimentation value of ≈100S, have a buoyant density (1.28 g/ml) on cesium chloride similar to that of HCV capsids from other systems. Capsids produced in cell-free systems are also indistinguishable from capsids isolated from HCV-infected patient serum when analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Using these cell-free systems, we show that HCV capsid assembly is independent of signal sequence cleavage, is dependent on the N terminus but not the C terminus of HCV core, proceeds at very low nascent chain concentrations, is independent of intact membrane surfaces, and is partially inhibited by cultured liver cell lysates. By allowing reproducible and quantitative assessment of viral and cellular requirements for capsid formation, these cell-free systems make a mechanistic dissection of HCV capsid assembly possible.

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