The Nobel Prize in Economics Turns 50

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Allen R. Sanderson ◽  
John J. Siegfried
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Political World ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Origins ◽  
Jel Classifications

The first Sveriges Riksbank Prizes in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel were awarded in 1969, 50 years ago. In this essay, we provide the historical origins of this sixth “Nobel” field, background information on the recipients, their nationalities, educational backgrounds, institutional affiliations, and collaborations with their esteemed colleagues. We describe the contributions of a sample of laureates to economics and the social and political world around them. We also address—and speculate—on both some of their could-have-been contemporaries who were not chosen, as well as directions the field of economics and its practitioners are possibly headed in the years ahead, and thus where future laureates may be found. JEL Classifications: A1, B3

scholarly journals The Learning of the Mind as an Ideological Movement: Probing the Historical Origins of the School of Wang Yangming

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Jiao Kun
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political World ◽  
Wang Yangming ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Historical Origins

Abstract As an influential scholar, the Ming 明 Neo-Confucian master Wang Yangming 王陽明 (1472–1529) was also active in the political world. While showing philosophical ingenuity, Wang launched an ideological movement which reached beyond Neo-Confucian discourse and into the social and political spheres. By promoting his xinxue 心學 teachings, Wang aimed to change Ming political life through fostering a moral retrenchment among future officials. To achieve his goals, Wang Yangming implemented several strategies, such as turning to humble local literati for a following, teaching them as a sitting official, and supporting nonofficial academies with his political power. These strategies succeeded to some extent, in part because the Ming court had relaxed the ideological intolerance of the early Ming. The real-world background of Wang Yangming's success can be further explored by comparing Wang with his two predecessors, Xue Xuan 薛瑄 (1389–1464) and Wu Yubi 吳與弼 (1391–1469).

Hands off the metadata!: Comparing the use of explicit and background metadata in crowdsourced dialectology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsin Blaxter ◽  
David Britain
Keyword(s):  
Language Variation ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Background Information ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dialect Variation ◽  
Regional Dialect

Abstract In this article we assess the extent to which we can collect plausible data about regional dialect variation using crowdsourcing techniques – the BBC Future Survey – without explicitly gathering any user metadata, but relying instead on background information collected by Google Analytics. In order to do this, we compare this approach with another crowdsourced survey, operated from a smartphone application, which examines the same site – the British Isles – but which explicitly asks users to submit detailed social background information – the English Dialects App (EDA) (Leemann et al. 2018). The EDA has the disadvantage that there is a considerable user drop-off between completing the dialect survey and completing the social metadata questionnaire. The BBC Future Survey, however, only collects information on where users are physically located when they complete the survey – not where they are from or even where they live. Results show that the BBC Future Survey produces a plausible snapshot of regional dialect variability that can complement other more sophisticated (expensive, time-consuming) approaches to investigating language variation and change. We suggest the approach constitutes a digital-era rapid anonymous survey along the lines of Labov (1972), serving similar aims, with similar success, but on a much much larger scale.

Bodies that Still Matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Judith Butler
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political World ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Problem

This chapter starts with an obvious presupposition: no body can sustain itself on its own. The body is not a self-subsisting kind of being; it is, rather, given over to others in order to persist. What does it mean to be “given over” to others, and to have this as a constitutive feature of embodied life? It may be that we require care, or that we are vulnerable in a way that cannot be overcome. How do these two terms work in relation to embodied lives that encounter unlivable situations as a result of unaddressed exposure or infrastructural failures of care? The bodies that assemble to object to unlivable conditions make certain kinds of demands. How do we understand the form and aim of such demands on the part of bodies that require support, address, and conditions for persistence? This chapter seeks to show that the kind of claim bodies make on politics follows from the radical lack of self-sufficiency that characterizes bodies more generally. The lack of self-sufficiency is not a political problem, but politics emerges precisely when the social organization of what Marx called “basic requirements” consistently fail and “basic requirements” begin to make their claim on the broader social and political world.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Simon Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Climate ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Political World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

The ‘Introduction’ provides an overview of ethics and the ethical climate. People's ethical ideas are manifested in their tendencies to accept or reject routes of thought and feeling, and they may not recognize these in themselves, or even be able to articulate them. Yet such tendencies make up the ethical climate, and they rule the social and political world. For many ethical traditions across the world, the central concern was the state of one's soul. Today, people tend not to care so much about the state of their souls: they tend to think that modern constitutional democracies are fine regardless of the private vices of those within them.

Is Belief in Conspiracy Theories Pathological? A Survey Experiment on the Cognitive Roots of Extreme Suspicion

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Radnitz ◽  
Patrick Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Personality Type ◽  
News Article ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Political World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
Situational Triggers

What are the origins of belief in conspiracy theories? The dominant approach to studying conspiracy theories links belief to social stresses or personality type, and does not take into account the situational and fluctuating nature of attitudes. In this study, a survey experiment, subjects are presented with a mock news article designed to induce conspiracy belief. Subjects are randomly assigned three manipulations hypothesized to heighten conspiracy perceptions: a prime to induce anxiety; information about the putative conspirator; and the number and identifiability of the victim(s). The results indicate that conspiratorial perceptions can emerge from both situational triggers and subtle contextual variables. Conspiracy beliefs emerge as ordinary people make judgments about the social and political world.

Knowledge Acquisition and Technology-Supported Projects in the Social Studies for Students with Learning Disabilities

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Okolo ◽  
Ralph P. Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Based Instruction

All citizens are expected to participate in the processes of democratic decision making in the postschool years, and the goals of social studies education have long included the preparation of an informed citizenry. However, surveys show that social studies instruction is often not provided for students with disabilities, and those that receive instruction do poorly compared to their nondisabled peers. Students' poor performance is exacerbated by the reliance on “inconsiderate” textbooks that are often poorly organized, lacking in content, and devoid of important background information. Project-based instruction is an alternative to the exclusive reliance on textbook-based instruction in the social studies. Students investigate a problem or question and develop artifacts based on these investigations. In this study, students with learning disabilities, working under two different conditions, developed projects about factors that precipitated the American Revolutionary War. Students in both conditions worked cooperatively to learn about some aspect of the Revolutionary War, and they then contributed to the construction and presentation of a group report about the topic. However, students in one group had access to word processing tools, and the other had access to word processing and multimedia presentation tools in developing their projects. Analyses of students' knowledge revealed a substantial improvement in both conditions after the completion of the projects.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of European Wine Regulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Meloni ◽  
Johan Swinnen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wine Market ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Many ◽  
Historical Origins ◽  
Jel Classifications

AbstractThe wine market in the European Union is heavily regulated. Despite the many distortions in the wine market as a consequence, reforming the regulations has proven difficult. This paper analyzes the political economy mechanism that created existing wine regulations. We document the historical origins of the regulations and relate these to political pressures that resulted from international integration, technological innovations, and economic developments. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)

scholarly journals Using the Discovery of the Structure of DNA to Illustrate Cultural Aspects of Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Peng Dai ◽  
David Rudge
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Background Information ◽  
College Level ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Francis Crick ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hands On ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

DNA is a central topic in biology courses because it is crucial to an understanding of modern genetics. Many instructors introduce the topic by means of a sanitized retelling of the history of the discovery of the structure of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick. Historical research since 1968 has revealed that Rosalind Franklin's contributions were more significant than they are usually depicted. In light of this, we developed a two-class lesson plan that draws attention to Rosalind Franklin's role in the discovery and to the social and cultural aspects of science. The first class provides background information regarding what led scientists to recognize that DNA was the molecule of heredity. Students watch a documentary video that includes interviews with some of the surviving protagonists. Students (working in groups) are then asked to debate Franklin's role to refine their awareness of how social and cultural factors affected both the process of science and how it has been recounted. The second class has students work in groups to build a structural model of DNA through hands-on activities. The essay concludes by drawing attention to how the two-day lesson plan, developed for a college-level biology course, can be adapted for use in other settings.

Multiculturalism

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Historical Origins

Few ideas are as open to different interpretations these days, or as controversial, as multiculturalism. Like many other ‘isms’ — socialism, conservatism, fascism — multiculturalism is a political movement as well as a set of philosophical, social, and political ideas. Before looking at the range of positions associated with multiculturalism, this article first describes its historical origins and the social forces that came together to create it. ‘Multiculturalism’ is a term that has, in Nathan Blum's phrase, both ‘great currency’ and ‘imprecise usage’. It is also a relatively new word, making its first recorded appearances in Canada and Australia during the 1970s, at a time when both countries were struggling to deal with large influxes of non-European immigrants and with a new-found appreciation of the mistreatment of their own indigenous peoples.

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