Municipal solid waste in Brazil: A review

The production of municipal solid waste (MSW) represents one of the greatest challenges currently faced by waste managers all around the world. In Brazil, the situation with regard to solid waste management is still deficient in many aspects. In 2015, only 58.7% of the MSW collected in Brazilian cities received appropriate final disposal. It was only as late as 2010 that Brazil established the National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW) based on the legislation and programmes established in the 1970s in more developed countries. However, the situation with regard to MSW management has changed little since the implementation of the NPSW. Recent data show that, in Brazil, disposal in sanitary landfills is practically the only management approach to MSW. Contrary to expectations, despite the economic recession in 2015 the total annual amount of MSW generated nationwide increased by 1.7%, while in the same period the Brazilian population grew by 0.8% and economic activity decreased by 3.8%. The article describes the panorama with regard to MSW in Brazil from generation to final disposal and discusses the issues related to the delay in implementing the NPSW. The collection of recyclable material, the recycling process, the application of reverse logistics and the determination of the gravimetric composition of MSW in Brazil are also addressed in this article. Finally, a brief comparison is made between MSW management in Brazil and in other countries, the barriers to developing effective waste disposal systems are discussed and some recommendations for future MSW management development in Brazil are given.

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Determinants of Municipal Solid Waste in Urban Zone of Baglung Municipality, Nepal

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v26i2.41415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

Tejendra Regmi ◽

Manisha Ghimire ◽

Suman Man Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Household Survey ◽

Generation Rate ◽

Household Waste ◽

Management Approach ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Msw Management ◽

Urban Zone

The studies on the solid waste generation and characterization with their relationships with different determinants are limited in Nepal which helps in the implementation of the solid waste management approach. This study is focused on the quantification of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate and its characterization in the Baglung Municipality, Nepal. Factors affecting MSW generation with perceptions towards the MSW management were also evaluated through household survey. The study was carried out in the month of January 2021 in four wards of urban zone in the municipality. The average waste generation rate in 188 households (HHs), 20 institutions, and 20 commercial sites were 0.43 kg/c/d, 0.83 kg/institute/day and 2.75 kg/commercial site/day, respectively. The largest component, which accounted for about 74% household waste, 75% institutional waste and 52% commercial waste composed of organic waste. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates a significant variation in between MSW generation rate with respect to household size and type of days. Regarding affordability of MSW management, most of the households can be able to afford service fee ranged from US$ 0.5 to 1.0 (55.38%). Most of the households dispose of solid waste in the municipal vehicle. From this study, the residents of the municipality are suggested to prepare compost manure at the source for the minimization of waste volume to be transported and disposed of. Higher production of recyclable MSW depicts there is a possibility of revenue generation and importance of MSW management in community mobilization in the municipality.

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Selecting the Best Municipal Solid Waste Management Techniques in Nigeria Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques

Reports in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.31181/rme2001021801b ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 180-189

Author(s):

L. J. Muhammad ◽

◽

Ibrahim Badi ◽

Ahmed Abba Haruna ◽

I.A. Mohammed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Cost Criterion ◽

Sanitary Landfills ◽

The Cost ◽

Treatment Alternatives

While developed countries use a variety of methods to convert municipal solid waste into various products such as energy, fertilizer, heat, and others, developing countries continue to struggle with municipal solid waste. Because of the various criteria to be considered, assessing these methods and determining which ones are best suited to the conditions of each country is a complicated task. The hybrid GREY-EDAS model was utilized in this study to evaluate waste treatment alternatives in Nigeria. The study employed seven distinct criteria relating to the environment, society, and cost, with the cost criterion being the most relevant. Subsequently, four waste treatment methods were evaluated: incineration, composting, sanitary landfills, and anerobic digestion. As a result, composting is proven to be the most effective. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying the weight of the criterion in seven distinct scenarios, and the model produced consistent findings.

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Using a Carbon Balance to Estimate Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation From Municipal Solid Waste Management

16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference ◽

10.1115/nawtec16-1951 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Bahor ◽

Keith Weitz ◽

Andrew Szurgot

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Carbon Balance ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Msw Management ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Changes Over Time

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is internationally recognized for its potential to be both a source and mitigation technology for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Historically, GHG emission estimates have relied upon quantitative knowledge of various MSW components and their carbon contents, information normally presented in waste characterization studies. Aside from errors associated with such studies, existing data do not reflect changes over time or from location to location and are therefore limited in their utility for estimating GHG emissions and mitigation due to proposed projects. This paper presents an alternative approach to estimate GHG emissions and mitigation using the concept of a carbon balance, where key carbon quantities are determined from operational measurements at modern municipal waste combustors (MWCs).

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The state of municipal solid waste management in Israel

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x18770248 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 527-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shira Daskal ◽

Ofira Ayalon ◽

Mordechai Shechter

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Financial Incentives ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The State ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Msw Management ◽

Wide Range

Regulation is a key tool for implementing municipal solid waste (MSW) management strategies and plans. While local authorities in Israel are responsible for the storage, collection, and disposal of MSW, Israel’s Ministry of Environmental Protection (MoEP) is responsible for the formulation and implementation of waste management policies and legislation. For the past 12 years, about 80% of the MSW in Israel has been landfilled and recycling rates have not increased, despite regulations. This paper presents the state of MSW management in Israel in light of the MoEP’s strategic goal of landfilling reduction, the regulations and legislation designed and implemented for achieving this goal, and the ensuing results. Among other things, the results indicate the importance of monitoring and assessing policy and regulations to examine whether regulation is in fact effective and whether it keeps track of its own targets and goals or not. It is also concluded that even when there is an extensive regulation that includes a wide range of laws, economic penalties and financial incentives (such as landfill levy and financing of MSW separation at source arrangements), this does not guarantee proper treatment or even an improvement in waste management. The key to success is first and foremost a suitable infrastructure that will enable achievement of the desired results.

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Environmental assessment of the state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman

Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture ◽

10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-104-111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (98) ◽

pp. 104-111

Author(s):

A. V. Balabak ◽

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Residential Sector ◽

Msw Management ◽

The City

The study of municipal solid waste management was carried out on the example of the city of Uman, the features of the municipal waste collection were considered. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component is proposed — anaerobic fermentation with subsequent composting of the resulting products. Urban population growth, industrialization, urbanization and economic prosperity lead to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW). The aim of the work was to consider the characteristics of municipal solid waste management using the example of the city of Uman; inspect the features of collecting municipal waste; consider a separate collection system; identify problems and possible solutions. According to the statistics of Uman city council, 73-75 tons of municipal waste per day are delivered to the landfill. The control is carried out on the composition of the waste entering the landfill. Sorting takes place using a sorting line, which was put into operation in October 2016. Removal of municipal solid waste from the residential sector is carried out according to the schedule. The waste from the private sector of the city is removed during the day. Transportation (transport) of municipal waste is carried out by specially equipped vehicles. On the plots of the private residential sector, the collection of municipal waste is carried out by containerless and container methods. The containerless method is used in those areas of private building, where the possibility of the garbage truck's driving and its maneuvering are limited. Analysis of the current state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman showed that the main reasons for the increase in the volume of environmental pollution due to municipal solid waste is the lack of a high-quality management system in the field of MSW management, and especially the outdated waste collection and transportation scheme. The state of MSW management does not meet modern requirements. At the landfill, as a result of the introduction of the technology for the production of biogas from municipal solid waste, it is possible to obtain marketable products — biogas and compost. The city can receive income from the use of biogas as an alternative source of energy for heating buildings or from its consuming by the population. For the city of Uman, the volume of biogas formation at the MSW landfill in 2018 would have amounted to 5,441,280 m3, and in 2019 – 5,424,930 m3.Thus, it is possible to obtain significant volumes of biogas for the production of both heat and electricity. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed to improve the system for collecting municipal waste in the city of Uman. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component in the city of Uman is anaerobic fermentation followed by composting of the resulting products.

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MSW management in São Paulo city and the national policy of solid waste

Linnaeus Eco-Tech ◽

10.15626/eco-tech.2014.048 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Veronica R. Polzer ◽

Kenneth M. Persson

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Integrated Management ◽

National Policy ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Msw Management ◽

The City

The objective of this paper is to present a brief overview of the current situation of solid waste in Brazil, as well as the importance of the National Policy of Solid Waste as the main regulatory milestone of the country, clarifying the role of society, government and the private sector. Moreover, this law is essential for determining the closing of dumps, encouraging municipal consortia and establishing a hierarchy for solid waste management through waste reduction at source, reuse, recycling, energy recovery and disposal. Also it aims to understand how São Paulo, the most important city of Brazil, is currently facing the problem and what are the scenarios and proposals indicated in the Integrated Management Solid Waste Plan of the city to get the sustainable solid waste management of São Paulo in operation.

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DETERMINING OPTIMAL MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIO BASED ON BEST-WORST METHOD

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management ◽

10.3846/jeelm.2021.14843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 150-161

Author(s):

Zhiwei Li ◽

Xiaoping Jia ◽

Haibo Jin ◽

Lei Ma ◽

Chunhua Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Linear Model ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Management Scenarios ◽

Interval Model ◽

Msw Management ◽

Best Worst Method

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the most important issues in urban environments, especially in developing countries. In this work, a comprehensive assessment framework for MSW management is proposed to evaluate and screen the optimal scenario. The best-worst method (BWM) is utilized to determine the optimal weight of each criterion for each disposal scenario. However, the original BWM model is difficult to be solved globally. A linear model is presented to solve the model and an interval model is employed to verify the optimality of the linear model. The results indicate that the results of the linear model and interval model are consistent. A case study of MSW disposal in Qingdao City is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. The results indicate that a combination of landfilling, incineration technology with energy recovery facility is preferred for the current MSW management in Qingdao from the chosen criteria. The framework proposed in this work can be assisted to help the decision-makers to identify the priority sequence of MSW management scenarios.

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An Audit of Municipal Solid Waste Management in a Mega-City (East Delhi): Challenges and Opportunities

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1951.078219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1329-1335

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Local Health ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Msw Management ◽

Collection Practices ◽

The City

Municipal Solid waste management in developing countries is a gigantic task and its improper management can lead to severe environmental concerns and immense economic loss. However, many urban local bodies are not fully aware of the existing gaps in infrastructure and MSW management services that should be provided to make the system run efficiently and ensuring compliance to the national rules for waste management.The scale of the problem is huge as the reported annual MSW generation in India is about 58.87 Million tonnes (2016-2018) with an estimated annual increase of about 5%.We all know thatinadequate collection of municipal solid waste results in local and global environmental problems, including air pollution (local health and global climate change) and water pollution (local water bodies and marine litter). The Solid Waste Management Rules of 2016 issued by the Government of India requires source segregation and collection; and identifies specific roles and responsibilities for stakeholders, including waste generators, collectors, and local government. The main objectives of the study were to conduct a gap analysis of the existing municipal waste management system in East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC) area and to assist in ensuring proper implementation of Solid Waste Management Rules 2016.This paper presents the relevant national rules and the current collection practices in East Delhi based on the results of a recent survey of waste management practices. The survey revealed that much of the waste was not segregated, and found that lack of awareness, infrastructure, monitoring, incentives and penalties were the primary reasons for inadequate collection practices in the city. Door-to-door campaigns, television advertisements, and penalties for noncompliance were identified as some of the key measures to improve segregation and collection.The methodology used for the study was a mix of primary and secondary research tools like, transect walks, personal interviews with stakeholders, focus group discussions and literature review; in sample wards of the city to ensure a 90% confidence level. Such a study shall beuseful for other developing countries to help identify priority areas of action and achieve sustainable MSW management.

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Sustainability Contested: Analysis of Stakeholders Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management - A Case Study

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.16.3.27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 974-988

Author(s):

Vishnu J. Menon ◽

Antony Palackal

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Human Life ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Human Beings ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

The Government

Waste has always been a part of human life settlement and we have been either very careless with our waste by discarding it into the streets, the air, water, and in our backyards, or consciously dumping it close to those least powerful segments of the society at all times. Waste has been a problem for human beings and people have been least concerned about its eco-friendly disposal. Developed countries came up with many programmes, regulations and policies to address the municipal solid waste crisis, but still it is an unresolved problem. Municipal solid waste management is still a complex issue everywhere in the globalized and techno scientific world due to the carefree mindset, rapid urbanization process, unscientific development process and lack of social responsibility. In these circumstances, municipal solid waste managementcannot be addressed by mere technological innovations or adoptions. Moreover, the responsibility of municipal solid waste managementcannot be left to the Government alone. Instead, participation of various stakeholders needs to be ensured and coordinated for achieving sustainability. Taking Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation in the state of Kerala, India as a case, this paper discusses the extent and ways in which various stakeholders engage in the two main approaches for municipal solid waste management, namely- centralized approach and decentralized approach. The research study was conducted during the period June, 2020 to December, 2020.

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