Minimum Standards for the Description of Participants in Learning Disabilities Research

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Rosenberg ◽  
Deborah Bott ◽  
David Majsterek ◽  
Bert Chiang ◽  
Deborah Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
One Step

In 1984, the research committee of the council for learning disabilities (CLD) noted that the available descriptions of individuals with LD in research reports were vague and inconsistent. Recognizing that such descriptions made it difficult to evaluate research findings, the committee recommended that specific guidelines for participant descriptions be followed in reports on research involving individuals with LD. Eight years after this call for greater uniformity, vague participant descriptors remain a matter of great concern. What follows is a report on this issue from the current cld research committee. Updated guidelines for the description of participants are provided for both small-sample and large-group research activities. Also, suggestions for promoting compliance with the minimum standards are forwarded. Rather than being viewed as a fixed, immutable product, the current attempt at identifying the minimum standards for the description of participants should be viewed merely as one step in an ongoing process. Clearly, as our multidisciplinary field continues to learn more about LD, additional information about participants may be deemed necessary. With this in mind, the cld research committee welcomes your comments on the present set of guidelines and invites your suggestions for future iterations of this document.

scholarly journals The Science of Ageism: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 646-646
Author(s):  
Jerin Lee ◽  
Natalie Shook
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Pains ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
One Step ◽  
Prejudicial Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The past two decades have been marked by a rapidly aging population in the U.S. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2018), making prejudicial attitudes toward older adults (i.e., ageism) and the impact of such attitudes more relevant. As such, ageism researchers have worked tirelessly to not only understand this normalized and insidious form of bias, but also develop efforts to combat it. This symposium will feature four ageism researchers who will showcase both the growing pains and novel contributions of ageism research, ranging from the impact of ageism on psychological health to ageism interventions to issues related to the measurement of ageism. Specifically, Dr. Ayalon will present findings regarding difficulties with the assessment of exposure to ageism and the consequences of ageism for psychological well-being. Dr. Horhota will share research demonstrating challenges associated with confronting ageism. Dr. Levy will present a model showcasing factors associated with the reduction of ageism. Ms. Lee will discuss research findings examining the construct validity of several ageism measures. These talks highlight theoretical and real-world implications associated with the complex nature of ageism, providing important directions for enriching ageism research going forward.

Learning Disabilities Identification: Do Researchers Have the Answer?

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Olson ◽  
David J. Mealor
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Grade Placement ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Research Studies

One hundred and thirteen studies were reviewed to determine how researchers identify their LD samples. Populations were compared on academic, process, intelligence, exclusion, and discrepancy components as well as the demographic characteristics of age, sex, and grade. Researchers were found most often to select the academic and intelligence components and the demographic characteristics of age and sex to identify their populations. However, these components were described in a variety of ways. Less than half of the researchers used the process or exclusion components or included a description of grade placement. The article includes suggestions for obtaining more generalizability of research findings based on results of the review of existing research studies.

The Dissemination of Research Findings: Some Limitations Revealed When Attempting a Meta-Analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Jorm
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Dissemination Of Research ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Research Findings

A meta-analysis of the literature on drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease revealed the following limitations in the dissemination of research findings: multiple publication of findings, failure to report basic descriptive statistics and failure to respond to written requests for additional information on the research. The possible reasons for these problems and remedies for them are discussed.

Stepwise Response Surface Method and its Application in Reliability Analysis of Ship Hull Structure

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yu ◽  
Purnendu K. Das ◽  
Yunlong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Surface Approach ◽  
Hull Structure ◽  
One Step ◽  
Actual Contribution ◽  
Sample Set ◽  
Robust Response

A stepwise response surface approach is proposed in this paper. The response surface is determined by modified stepwise regression, so that the square and cross terms can be absorbed into the model automatically according to their actual contribution, which is calculated by repeated variance analysis. Besides, by applying a weighting factor to the statistical value of contribution and changing the thresholds of introduction and rejection, the entry of each term can be controlled in a fairly flexible manner. None other criteria than those in the traditional statistics are needed to check the goodness of fit. Considering the relatively small sample set at the beginning, the algorithm starts with a linear response surface. As the adaptive iteration proceeds, the bar to quadratic terms is lifted gradually to allow ordered entry. Since the sampling points in one step of iteration are recycled in the succeeding ones, a simple experimental design is enough to fit a robust response surface. A double bottom hull system is analyzed with randomized Young’s modulus, load distribution, and geometric properties. The sensitivity analysis is also performed with respect to the random variables and the parameters in their distributions.

scholarly journals Using Symbols and Shapes for Analysis in Small Focus Group Research

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladokun Omojola
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Small Focus ◽  
Focus Group Method

Substantial literature exists to support the growing importance of focus group research, having been around for decades. Its ubiquity under the scholarship radar is not in doubt while the analyses of findings commonly seen are scholarly and significantly sophisticated. However, these analyses have been found to be limited in scope for fresh adopters of the focus group method, non-literate beneficiaries of research findings and business people who are critically averse to lengthy textual statements about outcomes. This article introduces the use of symbols as a means of analyzing responses from small focus group discussions. It attempts to demonstrate that using symbols can substantially assist in the prima facie determination of perceptions from a focus group membership, its patterns of agreement and disagreement, as well as the sequence of its discussions.

scholarly journals Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Fikih Materi Perawatan Jenazah melalui Metode Demonstrasi di MTs Negeri 3 Kulon Progo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Siti Muslimah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Learning By Demonstration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Improve Student Learning

This research focuses on improving the results of fiqh learning by demonstration method to increase the value that has not reached the KKM  at MTsN 3 Kulon Progo. This research uses class action research methods to describe the process and learning outcomes through demonstration methods implemented in the form of cycles. Data collection is done through interviews, observation sheets, tests and documentation. Data on student learning outcomes is obtained through tests, then compared to the minimum standards that are indicators of successful research, i.e. most students (+ 75%) Obtain a value of reaching the KKM. Research findings show that increased motivation in demonstrative learning in fiqh subjects can be seen in the learning outcomes i.e. the value of reaching the KKM of 10 students (43%) and 16 students (61%) to 19 students (82%). Demonstration methods can improve student learning outcomes.

Organisational culture, leadership behaviour and job satisfaction in the Vietnam context

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan H.N. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leadership Behaviour ◽  
Working People ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Market Cultures

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to challenge the influence of organisational culture types on leadership behaviour and job satisfaction. The theory of culture was divided into four characteristics, namely, clan, hierarchy, adhocracy and market. Design/methodology/approach A purposive questionnaire was adapted to collect surveys from 294 working people in several sector organisations in Vietnam. The questionnaire included two main parts. The first part comprising demographic questions. The second part included three constituted scales to evaluate organisational culture types, leadership behaviour and job satisfaction. Correlation and linear regression analysis were adapted to use to challenge connections among variables. Findings Hierarchy culture negatively connected to relationship-oriented leadership behaviour. Adhocracy culture positively affected job satisfaction. Clan and market cultures insignificantly predicted leadership style and job satisfaction. Research limitations/implications The research is structured in 294 working people in various Vietnamese sector organisations. This small sample is unlikely to represent the popularity of the findings. Further research should collect samples in more organisations and industries in Vietnam to improve the efficiency of the results. The research findings may support leaders and superiors to choose a proper organisational culture that will reduce employee dissatisfaction. Originality/value The research is conducive to the studies on organisational culture, especially the association between leadership behaviour and job satisfaction in Vietnamese sector organisations

scholarly journals Establishing Agreement between Parent-reported and Directly-measured Behaviours

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon K. Bennetts ◽  
Fiona K. Mensah ◽  
Elizabeth M. Westrupp ◽  
Naomi J. Hackworth ◽  
Jan M. Nicholson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

THE QUALITY AND ACCURACY OF research findings relies on the use of appropriate and sensitive research methods. To date, few studies have directly compared quantitative measurement methods in the early childhood field and the extent to which parent-reported and directly-measured behaviours agree is unclear. Existing studies are hampered by small sample sizes and the use of statistical techniques which quantify the magnitude of association between measures (e.g. correlations), but not agreement. Here we review the limitations of existing method comparisons and suggest how alternative statistical approaches such as the Bland-Altman Method and ordinary least products regression can be readily applied in the early childhood context. Understanding agreement (and disagreement) between measurement methods has potential to reduce research costs and improve data quality, with important implications for researchers, clinicians and policy-makers.

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