Creating Classroom Environments That Address the Linguistic and Cultural Backgrounds of Students with Disabilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Sileo ◽  
Mary Anne Prater
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islander ◽  
Changing Demographics ◽  
The Impact

Significant changes in the public school population throughout the United States are influenced by the increasing numbers of immigrants who enter the country annually. It is estimated that in the next 50 years the U.S. population will become exceedingly more ethnically diverse than it is at present. Immigrants from Asian and Pacific Rim countries are emigrating to the United States more rapidly than any other group. We discuss the impact of increased numbers of Asian and Pacific Islander students in the context of special education. In particular, we focus on the changing demographics of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the overall U.S. population and on the importance of designing and delivering special education services that address their diverse cultural and linguistic characteristics, culturally and linguistically relevant instructional practices, and parental involvement.

scholarly journals IDEA At Age Forty: Weathering Common Core Standards And Data Driven Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Vaughn Bicehouse ◽  
Jean Faieta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race To The Top ◽  
Education For All ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disabilities Education Act ◽  
Education Act

Special education, a discipline that aims to provide specialized instruction to meet the unique needs of each child with a disability, has turned 40 years old in the United States. Ever since the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142) in 1975, every state has been directed to provide a free and appropriate education for all students with disabilities (Gallagher, 2000; Rothstein, 1995). The focus of this paper is to revisit the foundations of the special education movement in the United States to show how special education has progressed since 1975. The current Race to the Top movement impacts school districts across the nation, creating great concern about what this means for students with disabilities and how it affects their struggle to succeed within the public school domain. In fact, after 40 years, (P.L. 94-142) known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, IDEA, is the current high stakes standards and assessment climate taking the “special” out of special education? 

THE INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP: THE UNITED STATES GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE AND ITS AUDIT REPORT REVIEW PROCESS

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onker N. Basu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Audit Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Accounting Office ◽  
Audit Team ◽  
The Impact

In accounting research, the role of organizational leaders has been underrepresented. The limited research dealing with leadership issues has focused on the impact of leadership on micro activities such as performance evaluation, budget satisfaction, and audit team performance. The impact of leadership on the structure of accounting and audit systems and organizations has been ignored. This paper focuses on the impact that past Comptrollers General have had on the working and structure of one federal audit agency, the United States General Accounting Office (GAO). In addition, it also focuses on the influence of the two most recent Comptrollers General on one important audit related activity, i.e., the audit report review process. Using qualitative field research methods, this paper documents how the organizational leadership impacts its long-term audit practices and thereby influences auditing, especially in the public sector.

scholarly journals Assessing the Risk of Democratic Reversal in the United States: A Reply to Kurt Weyland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matias López ◽  
Juan Pablo Luna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Institutional Dynamics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT By replying to Kurt Weyland’s (2020) comparative study of populism, we revisit optimistic perspectives on the health of American democracy in light of existing evidence. Relying on a set-theoretical approach, Weyland concludes that populists succeed in subverting democracy only when institutional weakness and conjunctural misfortune are observed jointly in a polity, thereby conferring on the United States immunity to democratic reversal. We challenge this conclusion on two grounds. First, we argue that the focus on institutional dynamics neglects the impact of the structural conditions in which institutions are embedded, such as inequality, racial cleavages, and changing political attitudes among the public. Second, we claim that endogeneity, coding errors, and the (mis)use of Boolean algebra raise questions about the accuracy of the analysis and its conclusions. Although we are skeptical of crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis as an adequate modeling choice, we replicate the original analysis and find that the paths toward democratic backsliding and continuity are both potentially compatible with the United States.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Impact of the Ideology Differences on Films — Take The Captain and Sullyas Examples

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Weiyi Li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
Social Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
Similar Theme ◽  
The Impact

China and the United States share significant differences in social ideology and cultural backgrounds, resulting in many differences in narrative, humanistic expression, communication and target market positioning of films with the similar theme. This essay takes The Captain and Sully as examples. Through analysis and summary, the writer finds that the differences in social ideology and cultural background have an impact on the narrative tactic, target market, the production, and the circulation strategy of films. For example, at the narrative theme level, The Captain is country-centered, while Sully pays more attention to the inner changes of the characters. In terms of production, The Captain pays more attention to the excitement brought to the audience watching the movie, while Sully pays more attention to the movie story itself. In the choice of target market, the target market of The Captain is positioned in China, while Sully positioned in the world. The distinctive choices of plot and theme of the two films reflect the differences in cultures and ideologies of the two countries. The purpose of this essay is to provide film workers with new creative ideas through analysis, and to lead readers to think.

The Impact of Gendered Lookism During Employment Stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-109
Author(s):  
Cynthia Sims
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
The Impact

Lookism is preferential treatment of those considered to be attractive and discrimination against those deemed less physically desirable. Value is attached to certain physical characteristics such as skin tone, weight, facial features, and hair color. Two of the phenomena that exist under the umbrella of lookism are colorism and weightism, both of which create social and workplace inequities. There are studies that explore physical appearance discrimination external to and within workplaces in the United States, and an emerging body of literature regarding lookism abroad exists. Some of this research focuses on women's experiences with lookism in the workplace. Since today's global workforce is composed of women from various countries and cultural backgrounds, and their cultural values impact their career aspirations and career opportunities, organizational and career development professionals must understand the implications of both U.S. and global lookism and employ strategies to address and prevent the related issues.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna D. Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Impact

This epilogue comments on the changes within the Polish American community and the Polish-language press during the most recent decades, including the impact of the Internet and social media on the practice of letter-writing. It also poses questions about the legacy and memory of Paryski in Toledo, Ohio, and in Polonia scholarship. Paryski's life and career were based on his intelligence, determination, and energy. He believed that Poles in the United States, as in Poland, must benefit from education, and that education was not necessarily the same as formal schooling. Anybody could embark on the path to self-improvement if they read and wrote. Long before the Internet changed the way we communicate, Paryski and other ethnic editors effectively adopted and practiced the concept of debate within the public sphere in the media. Ameryka-Echo's “Corner for Everybody” was an embodiment of this concept and allowed all to express themselves in their own language and to write what was on their minds.

Displays of emotion and citizen support for Merkel and Gysi

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar W. Gabriel ◽  
Lena Masch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Emotional appeals have always been an important instrument in the mobilization of political support in modern societies. As found in several experimental studies from the United States, the emotions displayed by leading politicians in their televised public appearances have an impact on the political attitudes and behaviors of the public. Positive emotions such as joy or happiness, pride, and amusement elicit a more positive assessment of politicians, whereas showing negative emotions such as anger or outrage often diminishes the public’s support. This transfer of emotions from sender to recipient has been described as “emotional contagion.” However, under specific circumstances, emotions expressed by politicians can result in counter-empathic reactions among recipients. To examine the role of emotions between political leaders and the public in an institutional and cultural setting outside the United States, this article presents experimental findings on the impact of emotions expressed by two leading German politicians on the German public. The study used emotional displays by Chancellor Angela Merkel and former parliamentary leader of the Left Party, Gregor Gysi, observing how their assessments by the German public changed in response to these displays. Consistent with existing research, we discovered positive effects on the evaluation of both politicians when they displayed positive emotions. However, the impact of negative emotions is different for Merkel and Gysi and can be described as contagion in the former and counter-contagion in the latter case. Furthermore, we found that individual recognition of the expressed emotions modified the effect they had on the evaluation of some leadership characteristics.

scholarly journals Reaching Out: Extending Collaboration & Training To Educators

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orletta Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hierarchical System ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
The Impact

In the United States, special education paraeducators constitute a population of educators that provide integral services to our students with special needs. This population of educators is historically and currently poorly trained and supervised; yet, they work with the most challenging conditions and student population. Existing literature has unveiled a dismal state where the paraeducators job demands are increasing while their training and support remain relatively stagnant. An area where research has not highlighted as thoroughly is the impact of the dysfunctional, hierarchical system in which paraeducators operate. In essence, paraeducators are victims of a dysfunctional system that leaves them stagnant in their learning and in a position of marginalization. To begin including and valuing these individuals and thus improving our schools, practitioners must go back to the basics and increase the extent in which we demonstrate our appreciation of paraeducators by acknowledging and including them in more collaborative relationships and providing adequate training.

scholarly journals The Impact of Initial Field Experience on Pre-Service Teachers' Attitude Toward Inclusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Gill ◽  
Ross Sherman ◽  
Cynthia Sherman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
General Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
General Education Setting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Attitude Toward Inclusion

The Impact of Initial Field Experience on Pre-Service Teachers' Attitude Toward InclusionIn the United States, up to 50% of new teachers leave the profession within 5 years (Smith & Ingersoll, 2004). This unacceptable level of sustainability of the profession is of concern to both teacher preparation institutions and the local education agencies. This paper looks at one factor that may impact the sustainability of current teacher preparation models: attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities in the mainstream classroom. Participants in the study were currently enrolled in 3 different phases of a teacher preparation programmes at a regional university in the United States. A survey was administered at the beginning and at the end of the semester. Results indicate that students become progressively more negative toward inclusion of students with disabilities in the general education classroom yet continue to support the social value of having all students in a general education setting. Results from the survey are presented and implications for practice are discussed.

Public Policy Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Blood Supply in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e7
Author(s):  
William Riley ◽  
Kailey Love ◽  
Jeffrey McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated an acute blood shortage for medical transfusions, exacerbating an already tenuous blood supply system in the United States, contributing to the public health crisis, and raising deeper questions regarding emergency preparedness planning for ensuring blood availability. However, these issues around blood availability during the pandemic are related primarily to the decline in supply caused by reduced donations during the pandemic rather than increased demand for transfusion of patients with COVID-19. The challenges to ensure a safe blood supply during the pandemic will continue until a vaccine is developed, effective treatments are available, or the virus goes away. If this virus or a similar virus were capable of transmission through blood, it would have a catastrophic impact on the health care system, causing a future public health emergency that would jeopardize the national blood supply. In this article, we identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood supply adequacy, discuss the public health implications, propose recovery strategies, and present recommendations for preparing for the next disruption in blood supply driven by a public health emergency. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 18, 2021: e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306157 )

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