The toxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1242) on Tm3 Leydig cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 636-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Aydin ◽  
Melike Erkan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Aroclor 1242

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants that disrupt endocrine function in biological systems, especially in the male reproductive system. Previous studies on the reproductive toxicity of PCBs have focused on the impairment of spermatogenesis, disruption of steroidogenesis, decreased sperm number, and infertility. Aroclor 1242 is a commercial mixture with an average of 42% chlorine by weight. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the hazardous effects of Aroclor 1242 on Leydig cells through an evaluation of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radicals, H2O2 production, antioxidant enzymes, and steroidogenic enzymes. Leydig cells were exposed to Aroclor 1242 for 24 h under basal and luteinizing hormone-stimulated conditions at different concentrations (ranging from 10−16 M to 10−6 M). After incubation, Leydig cells were measured for cell viability, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radical and H2O2), antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase), and steroidogenic enzymes (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [HSD] and 17β-HSD). The results showed that cell viability was reduced only at Aroclor 1242 concentrations of 10−6 M and 10−8 M, whereas lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species increased relative to the concentration. Furthermore, antioxidant systems and steroidogenesis were interrupted to varying degrees, relative to the concentration. These findings suggest that exposure to Aroclor 1242 at high concentrations may result in detrimental effects to Leydig cell homeostasis. In addition, Aroclor 1242 may impair steroidogenesis, especially testosterone biosynthesis, by inhibiting two important steroidogenic enzymes.

scholarly journals Alterations of Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomarkers of Nitro-oxidative Stress in Tissues of Bladder Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Obaidul Islam ◽  
Tiziana Bacchetti ◽  
Gianna Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Oxygen Species

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common tumors found in the urinary bladder for both male and female in western countries. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and oxidative stress play a crucial role in human cancer. Low concentration of ROS and RNS is indispensable for cell survival and proliferation. However, high concentration of ROS and RNS can exert a cytotoxic effect. Increased oxidative stress is a result of either increased ROS/RNS production or a decrease of antioxidant defense mechanisms. A literature search was carried out on PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar for articles in English published up to May 2018 using the following keywords: oxidative stress, antioxidants, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, paraoxonase, urinary bladder cancer, and nitric oxide. Literature data demonstrate that BC is associated with oxidative stress and with an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Markers of lipid peroxidation, protein and nucleic acid oxidation are significantly higher in tissues of patients with BC compared with control groups. A decrease of activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and paraoxonase) has also been demonstrated. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants could have a potential role in the etiology and progression of bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Biochemical Changes under Chromium Stress on Germinating Seedlings of Vigna radiata

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavin SUTHAR ◽  
Jayesh PANSURIYA ◽  
Mafatlal M KHER ◽  
Dr. Vinay R PATEL ◽  
Murugan NATARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cr Concentration

Hexavalant chromium is considered the most toxic form because of its high solubility in water. Cr is known to induce production of elevated concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in macromolecule damage. Plants are having unique mechanisms to overcome ROS induced damage by accumulation of proline, ascorbate and glutathione and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbate peroxidaes (APX), peroxidise (POX). In the present investigation effects of chromium on seed germination of Mung bean (Vigna radiata 'Gujarat Mung-4’) were studied. Seeds were treated with different Cr concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 4M) for seven days. On 7th day root and shoot length was measured and activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD, APX, POX, CAT and GR were checked along with protein, proline and lipid peroxidation. It was observed that there is gradual decrease in shoot and root length with respect to the increase in Cr concentration. Level of lipid peroxidation significantly increased along with proline and antioxidant enzyme activity at higher Cr concentration. Lipid peroxidation is an indication of membrane damage due to elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To combat oxidative damage by ROS antioxidant enzyme activity increased significantly, which indicates that antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) play a crucial role during Cr stress during germination of V. radiata.

scholarly journals CBIO-07. CELL DEATH INDUCED BY AN OSCILLATING MAGNETIC FIELD IN PATIENT DERIVED GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS IS MEDIATED BY REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii17-ii17
Author(s):  
Shashank Hambarde ◽  
Martyn Sharpe ◽  
David Baskin ◽  
Santosh Helekar
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Novel Therapy

Abstract Noninvasive cancer therapy with minimal side effects would be ideal for improving patient outcome in the clinic. We have developed a novel therapy using strong rotating magnets mounted on a helmet. They generate oscillating magnetic fields (OMF) that penetrate through the skull and cover the entire brain. We have demonstrated that OMF can effectively kill patient derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells in cell culture without having cytotoxic effects on cortical neurons and normal human astrocytes (NHA). Exposure of GBM cells to OMF reduced the cell viability by 33% in comparison to sham-treated cells (p< 0.001), while not affecting NHA cell viability. Time lapse video-microscopy for 16 h after OMF exposure showed a marked elevation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and rapid apoptosis of GBM cells due to activation of caspase 3. Addition of a potent antioxidant vitamin E analog Trolox effectively blocked OMF-induced GBM cell death. Furthermore, OMF significantly potentiated the cytotoxic effect of the pro-oxidant Benzylamine. The results of our studies demonstrate that OMF-induced cell death is mediated by ROS generation. These results demonstrate a potent oncolytic effect on GBM cells that is novel and unrelated to any previously described therapy, including a very different mechanism of action and different technology compared to Optune therapy. The effect is very powerful, and unlike Optune, can be seen within hours after initiation of treatment. We believe that this technology holds great promise for new, effective and nontoxic treatment of glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates oxidative stress induction in erythrocytes of sickle cell disease patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Emmer Ferreira Furman ◽  
Railson Henneberg ◽  
Priscila Bacarin Hermann ◽  
Maria Suely Soares Leonart ◽  
Aguinaldo José do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease promotes hemolytic anemia and occlusion of small blood vessels due to the presence of high concentrations of hemoglobin S, resulting in increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant defense capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), selected due to its high content of flavonoids and terpenoids, in erythrocytes of patients with sickle cell anemia (HbSS, SS erythrocytes) subjected to oxidative stress using tert-butylhydroperoxide or 2,2-azobis-(amidinepropane)-dihydrochloride, in vitro. Hemolysis indexes, reduced glutathione, methemoglobin concentrations, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were determined. SS erythrocytes displayed increased rates of oxidation of hemoglobin and membrane lipid peroxidation compared to normal erythrocytes (HbAA, AA erythrocytes), and the concentration of EGb 761 necessary to achieve the same antioxidant effect in SS erythrocytes was at least two times higher than in normal ones, inhibiting the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (IC50 of 13.6 µg/mL), partially preventing lipid peroxidation (IC50 of 242.5 µg/mL) and preventing hemolysis (IC50 of 10.5 µg/mL). Thus, EGb 761 has a beneficial effect on the oxidative status of SS erythrocytes. Moreover, EGb 761 failed to prevent oxidation of hemoglobin and reduced glutathione at the concentrations examined.

scholarly journals Antioxidant effect of Mn2+ on capacitation and acrosome reaction of fresh and chilled cattle bull semen

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Amrit Kaur Bansal ◽  
Ranjna Sundhey Cheema ◽  
Vinod Kumar Gandotra
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Sperm Capacitation ◽  
Bull Semen

The aim of this paper was to investigate the antioxidant effect of Mn2+ (200 mM) on the sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction of fresh and chilled cattle bull semen. It has been found that Mn2+ supplementation improves (P≤0.05) the motility at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h of incubation. MDA (malondialdehyde), end product of lipid peroxidation, decreases significantly (P≤0.05) with the supplementation of manganese at 0- and 6-hr of incubation both in fresh and chilled semen. Manganese also increases acrosome reaction significantly (P≤0.05) both in fresh and chilled semen at 0, 4 and 6 h of incubation. Therefore, our findings suggest the role of Mn2+supplementation in improving the quality of cattle bull semen by its scavenging property<em> i.e.</em> reduction in the production of reactive oxygen species during its storage at 4°C or incubation at 37°C for capacitation.

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