Exploring Kenyan Women’s Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem and global human rights violation. Effective interventions can only be created upon conducting qualitative studies that explore the cultural context of an affected population and how they interpret the phenomenon. This qualitative study investigated Kenyan women’s perceptions of IPV. Two community-based focus groups ( n = 19) were conducted with Kenyan women in Nairobi. Conventional content analysis identified seven primary themes that emerged from focus group data: snapshot of violence; poverty; cultural context; masculinity; women taking action; resources; and, prevention strategies. Themes are described and implications for further research and intervention are presented.

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Approaches Used by Employee Assistance Programs to Address Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.27.2.135 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 135-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Hardison Walters ◽

Keshia M. Pollack ◽

Monique Clinton-Sherrod ◽

Christine H. Lindquist ◽

Tasseli McKay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Work Performance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Employee Assistance Programs ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Employee Assistance ◽

Assistance Programs

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) are workplace resources available to employees with problems impacting work performance. EAPs are well-positioned to address intimate partner violence (IPV), a major public health problem with workplace impacts. A purposeful sample of 28 EAPs across the United States was surveyed to identify policies and programs to address IPV, including perpetration. Most EAPs did not report having standardized approaches for addressing IPV perpetration. EAPs also described significant barriers to identifying IPV perpetrators, with the majority relying on self-disclosure on the part of the perpetrator when contacting the EAP. These results suggest that many EAPs—even when interacting with employees who present with issues known to correlate with IPV—are missing a potential opportunity to assess and intervene with IPV perpetrators.

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Intimate Partner Violence in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review

Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics ◽

10.3329/bioethics.v9i3.48913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 15-27

Author(s):

Jhantu Bakchi ◽

Satyajit Kundu ◽

Subarna Ghosh ◽

Sumaiya Akter

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Study Results

Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has unfavorable consequences for women as well as for newborn babies, which is very serious and preventable public health problem. It is believed to have an excessive occurrence in lives of women in South Asia. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of IPV in Bangladesh. Methods: A scoping review was carried out based on the past 12 years of posted and gray literature about IPV in Bangladesh using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Only the literature addressing abuses or violence in households or outside including physical, sexual or mental violence on the married woman in Bangladesh were taken into consideration for the study. Results: The overall prevalence of IPV in Bangladesh, the latest reviews of rates ranging from 15.5-82.7%.Most of the IPV in Bangladesh was based totally on the experience of legally married women. The main risk factors of IPV in Bangladesh were women being younger, from lower socioeconomic reputation, from lower academic attainment and lower education of husband, dowry, child marriage, perceived disobedience of wives, family conflict, children had recently been ill, and incapability of to furnish sexual satisfaction. Maternal depressive symptoms, signs of stress, anxiety and constraint to the better health of young children are the main consequences of IPV in Bangladesh. Besides, IPV causes unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy loss in the form of miscarriage, induced abortion, or stillbirth and termination of pregnancy in Bangladesh. Conclusions: Woman’s empowerment may reduce IPV and understanding attitudes towards IPV in cultural context could be crucial for developing interventions to reduce IPV and its consequences.

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Addressing Intimate Partner Violence in Primary Care: Lessons From Chronic Illness Management

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.21.1.101 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 101-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christina Nicolaidis ◽

Vasiliki Touhouliotis

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Health Care System ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Chronic Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Future Research ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care System

Though many studies have documented the high prevalence, morbidity, mortality and costs attributable to intimate partner violence (IPV), it is still unclear how our health care system should address this major public health problem. Many have advocated for routine screening, yet there is still insufficient evidence that routine IPV screening can lead to improved outcomes. Though recognition of IPV is very important, a screening paradigm may not be the optimal way to approach IPV within the health care system. For many patients, exposure to violence is a chronic condition, characterized by long-term abusive relationships, histories of childhood and community violence, multiple associated chronic symptoms, and extra barriers to addressing their other chronic illnesses. Thus, there may be important lessons to be learned from work being done in the area of chronic care. We explore how Wagner’s Chronic Care model may guide efforts to improve health care for IPV survivors and may serve as a framework for future research studies.

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Combining Group-based Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators With Comorbid Substance Use: An Australian Study of Cross-sector Practitioner Views

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520969244 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052096924

Author(s):

Silke Meyer ◽

Jessica Burley ◽

Kate Fitz-Gibbon

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Problem Behaviors ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Service Providers ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Intervention Models ◽

Key Stakeholders ◽

Group Data ◽

Overwhelming Evidence ◽

Focus Group Data

The connection between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and problematic alcohol and/ or other drug (AOD) use has been well established in public health, social work and criminology research. Despite the overwhelming evidence of the correlation between these two problem behaviors, service systems addressing these issues have historically done so in siloed approaches to practice. AOD interventions have frequently been criticized for a lack of IPV focused assessment and practice. Similarly, specialist IPV interventions generally do not address clients’ underlying risk factors, including problematic AOD use, through holistic intervention approaches. Suggestions to combine IPV and AOD focused interventions for men who use violence are often met with skepticism, raising questions around which sector could deliver a combined intervention approach and how different ideological standpoints in client work can and should be integrated into a combined framework. In this article, we examine the views of key stakeholders ( n = 10) involved in the funding, development and/ or delivery of different service responses to men who use IPV in an Australian jurisdiction. Drawing on qualitative interview and focus group data, we explore their views around combined, group-based interventions, including the perceived need for such intervention models along with sector readiness and key considerations critical in informing the combining of IPV and AOD focused perpetrator interventions. Stakeholder findings identify the need for holistic responses to perpetrators of IPV with comorbid problematic AOD use. Further, findings provide guidance for funding bodies and community service providers considering combined, group-based interventions for perpetrators of IPV with comorbid problematic AOD use.

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Long-Term Drug Misuse Increases the Risk of Cognitive Dysfunctions in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators: Key Intervention Targets for Reducing Dropout and Reoffending

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16203792 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (20) ◽

pp. 3792 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽

Marisol Lila ◽

Luis Moya-Albiol

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Increased Risk

Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a major public health problem, with an important mortality rate in women across the world. In this regard, it has been well-established that drug misuse explains (at least in part) an increased risk of IPVAW perpetration. Even though alcohol is the most widely studied drug underlying IPVAW, other drugs, such as cannabis and cocaine also seem to be significant indicators of this type of violence. Nonetheless, little is known about mediators, such as cognitive domains that facilitate proneness to violence after drug consumption. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to compare drug misuse patterns and cognitive performance in a carefully selected sample of IPVAW perpetrators (n = 63) and a group of non-violent men (control group; n = 39). Second, we also aimed to study the association between different patterns of drug misuse and cognitive performance and several facets of IPVAW perpetration (i.e., severity of injuries and type of aggression). Our results revealed that IPVAW perpetrators showed considerably higher levels of sustained drug misuse (alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and heroin) for years and worse cognitive performance than controls. Moreover, the highest drug misuse sustained over time was related to the worst cognitive performance and the highest IPVAW severity. Finally, alcohol and cocaine seemed to be related to IPVAW and risk of reoffending. Whereas, cannabis, heroin, and MDMA were related to the existence of a previous criminal record (delinquency without violence). Hence, research in this field would help to develop coadjutant treatments and intervention packages to reduce drug misuse in the initial stages, which in turn would reduce cognitive impairments in IPVAW perpetrators. These expected improvements might produce an increase in treatment adherence and a decrease in the risk of future IPVAW reoffending.

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Magnitude of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/1682847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Girmay Adhena ◽

Lemessa Oljira ◽

Yadeta Dessie ◽

Hagos Degefa Hidru

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Unplanned Pregnancy ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Major Public Health Problem

Background. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is the most common and major public health problem and human rights issue worldwide and has a negative effect on the lives of both mother and fetus. Despite its prominence, this issue has received little attention in Ethiopia as well as many sub-Saharan African countries. This study assessed the magnitude of intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women in Ofla District, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2019, among 543 pregnant women who visited antenatal care in the health facilities. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Pretested, interviewer-administered data collection was done using a standardized World Health Organization multicountry questionnaire for women’s health and domestic violence against women. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with violence. p value was set at p<0.05. Results. The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence during the current pregnancy was 37.5%: psychological (25.1%), sexual (17.7%), and physical violence (13.4%). Violence was associated with unplanned pregnancy ((AOR = 4.56, 95% CI: (2, 10.28)), unmarried women ((AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: (1.18, 5.73)), having alcoholic partner ((AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: (2.1, 5.16)), spouse’s multiple sexual partners status ((AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: (2.2, 12)), acceptance of violence by women ((AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: (1.1, 3.16)), low decision-making power of women ((AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: (1.6, 4.3)), and no interest in current pregnancy by partner ((AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: (2.36, 14.9)). Conclusions. More than one-third of pregnant women experienced intimate partner violence during a recent pregnancy. This is high and may lead to health consequences for both mothers and fetuses. Addressing gender inequitable norms, the culture of silence (support) to intimate partner violence in the community and women’s reproductive health information through intervention measures are very important to minimize the problem.

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Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the European Union: A Systematic Review

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000392 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 104-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Enrique Gracia ◽

Marisol Lila ◽

Faraj A. Santirso

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Partner Violence Against Women ◽

The Eu

Abstract. Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are increasingly recognized as central to understanding of this major social and public health problem, and guide the development of more effective prevention efforts. However, to date this area of research is underdeveloped in western societies, and in particular in the EU. The present study aims to provide a systematic review of quantitative studies addressing attitudes toward IPVAW conducted in the EU. The review was conducted through Web of Science, PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, PUBMED, and the Cochrane Library, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. This review aimed to identify empirical studies conducted in the EU, published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2018, and analyzing attitudes toward IPVAW. A total of 62 of 176 eligible articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. Four sets of attitudes toward IPVAW were identified as the main focus of the studies: legitimation, acceptability, attitudes toward intervention, and perceived severity. Four main research themes regarding attitudes toward IPVAW emerged: correlates of attitudes, attitudes as predictors, validation of scales, and attitude change interventions. Although interest in this research area has been growing in recent years, the systematic review revealed important gaps in current knowledge on attitudes toward IPVAW in the EU that limits its potential to inform public policy. The review outlines directions for future study and suggests that to better inform policy making, these future research efforts would benefit from an EU-level perspective.

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Association of Black Women’s Perceptions of the Sex Ratio to Their Attitudes Toward and Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/10778012211013900 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122110139

Author(s):

Karen B. Vanterpool ◽

William L. Yarber ◽

Molly Rosenberg ◽

Rasul A. Mowatt ◽

Justin R. Garcia

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Behavioral Models ◽

The Past ◽

Women’S Perceptions ◽

Women Violence

This study explores how perceptions of the availability of male dating partners (sex ratio) affect heterosexual Black women’s tolerance and experiences with intimate partner violence (IPV). Evolutionary behavioral models suggest that when the sex ratio is high (more available men than women), violence against women is more likely to occur, whereas the Guttentag–Secord model suggests that when there is a surplus of men, violence against women is less likely to occur. Testing these theories, results show perception of a high sex ratio was significantly positively associated with experiences of IPV in the past 12 months and more tolerant attitudes toward IPV.

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Quality of life and risk of feminicide in women victims of intimate partner violence in Campinas

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

M Caicedo Roa ◽

L Gabrielle Dalaqua ◽

P Filizola ◽

R Cordeiro

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

High Risk ◽

Women Victims ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Violence against women is a public health problem with severe consequences. Most women in situations of domestic violence are emotionally involved and/or economically dependent of their intimate partners contributing to the perpetuation and acceptance of violence. Objectives 1) To characterize the women who join the Reference and Support Center for Women (Ceamo) in Campinas, Southeast Brazil. 2) To measure the quality of life in women victims of intimate partner violence 3) To determine the risk of feminicide. Methods The Ceamo is a public specialized service from the mayor of Campinas, it provides psychological, social and legal guidance to women in situations of gender violence. Inclusion criteria: Women attending Ceamo services, speaking Portuguese, age ≥18 years old and having experienced intimate partner violence. Measure instruments: Danger assessment Scale and WHOQOL-BREF. Results During the 11 months of the study, 78 new users were recruited. Average age 38.3 years old, mostly married/stable union, most of them with children (88%). 64% of women do not work and 36% live with the abusive partner. Prevalent types of violence suffered during by the victims in the last year were psychological n = 76, physical n = 62, moral n = 54 and sexual n = 23. The domain most affected in the assessment of quality of life was the environment (average 42% /100%) and psychological domain (42%/100%). 49% of women were classified with increased risk, 22% with severe risk and 1% with extreme risk of femicide. The questions with the most positive answers were those related to believing that the partner can kill her (77%), jealous of the partner (76%) and controlling behavior (73%), being followed/spied by the partner (67%) and threat death (65%). Conclusions The service in general receive very vulnerable women with low perception of their own quality of life, precarious material conditions and high risk of femicide. Key messages The women in domestic violence situation attended by the Ceamo service are at high risk of femicide. Service users have very low perception of their quality of life and poor social conditions.

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