Pregnant Adolescents As Perpetrators and Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

The role of pregnant adolescents as perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) is not well understood. Socioecological factors associated with IPV (physical assault and injury, and psychological aggression) perpetrated by pregnant adolescents and the association between IPV and attitudes toward the use of physical punishment to discipline children were examined among 246 pregnant adolescents. Pregnant adolescents were more likely to report perpetrating both physical assault (24%) and psychological aggression (52.7%) than being the recipient (12.2% and 38.6%, respectively) and having been physically injured (7%) than inflicting injury (4.1%). Risk factors for perpetrating physical assault included prior assault by partner, being African American, exposure to community violence, being in trouble with the police, and multiple lifetime drug use. IPV perpetrators had more favorable attitudes toward the use of physical punishment. Interventions should address IPV and parenting attitudes in young couples to maximize the health and safety of both mother and unborn child.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Animal Abuse in an Immigrant-Rich Sample of Mother–Child Dyads Recruited From Domestic Violence Programs

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515614281 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1030-1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Christie A. Hartman ◽

Tina Hageman ◽

James Herbert Williams ◽

Frank R. Ascione

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Mexican Immigrants ◽

The United States ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Animal Abuse ◽

Increased Risk

We examined rates of animal abuse in pet-owning families experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). We also examined whether higher levels of IPV (as measured by subscales from the Conflict Tactics Scales) predicted increased risk for partner-perpetrated animal abuse. Our sample included 291 mother–child dyads, where the mothers sought services from domestic violence agencies. Nearly half the sample is comprised of Mexican immigrants. Mothers reported that 11.7% of partners threatened to harm a pet and 26.1% actually harmed a pet, the latter of which represents a lower rate than in similar studies. When examining animal abuse by “Hispanic status,” follow-up analyses revealed significant omnibus differences between groups, in that non-Hispanic U.S.-born partners (mostly White) displayed higher rates of harming pets (41%) than either U.S.-born or Mexican-born Hispanic groups (27% and 12.5%, respectively). Differences in rates for only threatening (but not harming) pets were not significant, possibly due to a small number of partners ( n = 32) in this group. When examining whether partners’ IPV predicted only threatening to harm pets, no IPV subscale variables (Physical Assault, Psychological Aggression, Injury, or Sexual Coercion) were significant after controlling for income, education, and Hispanic status. When examining actual harm to pets, more Psychological Aggression and less Physical Assault significantly predicted slightly higher risk of harm. However, Mexican-born partners had nearly 4 times lower risk of harming a pet. Overall, these results suggest that Hispanic men who are perpetrators of IPV are less likely to harm pets than non-Hispanic perpetrators of IPV, particularly if Mexican-born. Considering that the United States has a significant proportion of Mexican immigrants, it may be worthwhile to explore the topics of IPV and animal abuse within this group.

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The Role of Control in Intimate Partner Violence: A study in Dutch Forensic outpatients

10.31234/osf.io/jwk68 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Verschuere ◽

joan van horn ◽

nannet buitelaar

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Coercion ◽

Strong Association ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Violence Risk ◽

Coercive Control

Johnson (1995) argued that coercive control is crucial in explaining heterogeneity in intimate partner violence, with such violence being more frequent, less reciprocal, and more often male-to-female aggression when it serves to exercise control over the partner. We assessed 280 Dutch forensic outpatients who had recently engaged in intimate partner violence on non-aggressive coercive control. Control showed significant, small to moderate, associations with more frequent past year acts of psychological aggression, physical assault, sexual coercion and more frequently resulted in partner injury. Control was unrelated to reciprocity of partner violence. High controlling violence was enacted mostly, but not exclusively by men. Overall, while perhaps not having a uniquely strong association, our findings provide partial support for the role of coercive control in intimate partner violence, and suggest it may benefit intimate partner violence risk assessment.

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The Role of Objectification in the Victimization and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.33.1.23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 23-39

Author(s):

Melissa R. Jonnson ◽

Jennifer I. Langille ◽

Zach Walsh

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Coercion ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

The Other ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Health Concern ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Gender Similarities ◽

Self Objectification

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a substantial health concern and identifying risk factors for IPV is a research priority. We examined the relationship between severe IPV and objectification of the self and other sex across participant sex. A sample of 1,005 male and female university students completed a series of online questionnaires that measure levels of self-objectification, objectification of the other sex, and histories of severe IPV victimization and perpetration. Self-objectification was associated with severe psychological aggression, physical assault, and sexual coercion victimization in females, but not in males. Objectification of the other sex was associated with severe psychological aggression and physical assault perpetration in males, but not in females. These findings contribute to our understanding of gender similarities and differences in IPV.

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Childhood Abuse and Current Intimate Partner Violence: A Population Study in Hong Kong

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260516682521 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (1-2) ◽

pp. 233-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elsie Yan ◽

Thanos Karatzias

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Witnessing Violence ◽

Family Disruption ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Life Threatening

Previous studies have established that childhood violence victimization is associated with current experience of intimate partner violence (IPV). Existing literature, however, focused exclusively on female survivors and physical IPV and relied on non-representative samples. The present study examined the associations between life adversities and IPV using a representative sample of 1,239 men and women aged between 18 and 97. Participants provided information on their demographic characteristics, lifetime history of adverse life events, and past year IPV. Results show that IPV is common with 32.8% of the participants having reported past year psychological aggression, 4.5% reported physical abuse, and 1.1% reported injury. Various life adversities were also common with 21.7% having reported family disruption, 6% having experienced abuse or witnessing violence, and 2.1% life-threatening events. Logistic regression analyses revealed that experiencing abuse or witnessing violence in childhood is associated with a greater risk of past year psychological aggression, physical assault, and injury. Results were significant even after controlling for demographics and other life adversities. Family disruption in childhood was associated with increased risk of past year injury, but the association diminished after controlling for the rest of the variables. Experience of life-threatening events was not associated with any form of past year IPV. Altogether, our results point out that childhood victimization, especially physical abuse by parents, is associated with future long-term risk of IPV. This highlights the importance of early prevention and intervention for child abuse.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Within the Community During Lockdown of Covid-19 Pandemic

10.21203/rs.3.rs-418428/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fabienne Glowacz ◽

Emilie Schmits ◽

Amandine Dziewa

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Living Environment ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Physical Assault ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: This study took place in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The restrictive confinement measures put in place to counter the virus’ spread could have major consequences for the mental health and intimate relationships between romantic partners. The present research assesses the association between lockdown conditions (such as time spent at home, living environment, proximity to contamination and social contacts), mental health (including intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and depression) and the intimate partner violence within the community. This study also proposes to evaluate the indirect effect of anxiety and depression on the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and intimate partner violence (physical assault and psychological aggression). Methods: 1532 adults (80.8% of women, Mage=35.34) were recruited from the general population through an online self-report questionnaire completed during the lockdown. All participants were engaged in a romantic relationship and lived with their partner. Sociodemographic data, lockdown conditions, mental health and intimate partner related-variables were assessed. Results: Results demonstrate that the prevalence of physical assault was significantly higher in men, whereas the prevalence of psychological aggression was significantly higher in women. Men reported significantly more increased violence during lockdown. Women, on the other hand, were more anxious and more intolerant of uncertainty. No difference between men and women was found for depression. Anxiety and depression significantly mediate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and physical assault and psychological aggression. Sex does not moderate the mediation. Conclusion: Clinical implications for public health policy are highlighted, namely the necessity to consider the impact of uncertainty related to crises in increasing the risk of intimate violence between partners, and especially individual vulnerability to mental health problems associated.

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#17 The Effectiveness of Intervention Programs for Perpetrators and Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/1946-6560.4.2.e17 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christopher I. Eckhardt ◽

Christopher M. Murphy ◽

Daniel J. Whitaker ◽

Joel Sprunger ◽

Rita Dykstra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Perpetrators And Victims

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Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Women: A Latent Class Analysis

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801218794307 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 572-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Megan E. Sutter ◽

Annie E. Rabinovitch ◽

Michael A. Trujillo ◽

Paul B. Perrin ◽

Lisa D. Goldberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Latent Class ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Minority Women ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Sexual Minority Women

This study explored patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration in 150 sexual minority women (SMW): 25.3% had been sexually victimized, 34% physically victimized, 76% psychologically victimized, and 29.3% suffered an IPV-related injury. A latent class analysis found four behavioral patterns: (1) minor-only psychological perpetration and victimization; (2) no IPV; (3) minor–severe psychological, physical assault, and injury victimization, and minor-only psychological, physical, and injury perpetration; and (4) severe psychological, sexual, physical assault, and injury victimization and perpetration. Individuals who experienced and/or perpetrated all types experienced the greatest heterosexism at work, school, and in other contexts.

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Intimate Partner Violence and Body Shame: An Examination of the Associations Between Abuse Components and Body-Focused Processes

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801219873434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12-13) ◽

pp. 1538-1554

Author(s):

Terri L. Weaver ◽

Noel M. Elrod ◽

Katherine Kelton

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

African American Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Coercion ◽

Psychological Abuse ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Body Shame ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Self Objectification

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a stigmatizing, interpersonal violation with elements that confer risk for body shame. This study examined the role of body-focused processes (i.e., self-objectification and body surveillance) in the development of body shame within a sample of 61 primarily African American women, exposed to moderate to severe IPV. Severity of sexual coercion, physical assault, and psychological abuse were significantly associated with increased body shame and self-objectification. Mediation analyses revealed that self-objectification was a unique mediator of the relationship between psychological abuse, physical assault, sexual coercion, and body shame. Implications for women’s health care experiences are discussed.

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MP45: What to do with #MeToo: pre and post presenting patterns of intimate partner violence

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2020.193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (S1) ◽

pp. S59-S59

Author(s):

A. Sobiesiak ◽

K. Muldoon ◽

L. Shipeolu ◽

M. Heimerl ◽

K. Sampsel

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Social Movement ◽

Emergency Care ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Care Program ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Ottawa Hospital

Introduction: The #MeToo social media movement gained international status in October 2017 as millions disclosed experiences of sexual and intimate partner violence. People who experience violence from a former/current intimate partner may not present for care for many reasons, among them not knowing where to go for care, or not realizing they were experiencing abuse since the behavior was portrayed as ‘normal’. Empirical research identified increased police reporting, internet searches, and new workplace regulations on sexual assault/harassment after #MeToo. Less is known about how #MeToo has influenced hospital-based care, particularly among IPV cases. We aimed to investigate if the #MeToo social movement influenced patterns of IPV cases presenting for emergency care. Methods: This study took place at the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP), within the Emergency Department of The Ottawa Hospital. Patients seen from November 1st, 2016 through to September 30th, 2017 was considered Pre-#MeToo and those seen November 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2018 was considered Post-#MeToo. All patients seen in October 2017 were excluded. Analyses compare the proportion and characteristics of IPV cases seen Pre- and Post-#MeToo. Log-binomial regression models were used to calculate relative risk and 95% CI. Results: 890 cases were seen by the SAPACP during the total study period, of which 564 (63%) were IPV cases. 258 IPV cases were seen Pre-#MeToo and 306 IPV Post-#MeToo. The clinical presentation for IPV cases was similar between both periods where approximately 42% of IPV cases presented for sexual assault, 50% presented for physical assault. An increase in frequency and proportion of IPV cases was observed post-#MeToo. Post-#MeToo there were 48 additional cases of IPV, corresponding to almost a 20% increase in risk compared to the Pre-#MeToo period. (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31) Post-#MeToo, there were more presenting cases of IPV among male/trans cases (9 vs 26) and youth cases (82 vs 116). Conclusion: #MeToo is a powerful social movement that corresponded with a significant increase in IPV cases presenting for emergency care. While the assault characteristics among IPV cases remained similar, an important contribution of this research is the increase in youth, male/transgender patients who presented for care post-#MeToo. Continued investigations into pre- post-#MeToo trends is needed to understand more about the changing clinical population and to inform resource and service allocation.

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Longitudinal Correlates of Maternal Involvement and Spanking in Spanish-speaking Latinas Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520958630 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052095863

Author(s):

Sara F. Stein ◽

Kaitlin Prakken ◽

Andrew C. Grogan-Kaylor ◽

Maria M. Galano ◽

Hannah M. Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Maternal Employment ◽

Parenting Practices ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Physical Punishment ◽

Maternal Involvement ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Over Time

Mothers experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) have been found to have negative long-term parenting outcomes, such as reduced maternal involvement and greater use of physical punishment, which represent potential pathways by which IPV negatively affects children. Factors influencing these parenting practices have not been examined in IPV-exposed Latinas. The aim of this study is to understand the factors that affect maternal involvement and spanking by Latinas to contribute to culturally-informed intervention development and refinement. A total of 93 Spanish-speaking Latinas who had experienced IPV completed standardized measures of maternal involvement, spanking, IPV, depression, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) and provided demographic information. Slightly over half of the women participated in an intervention program. Longitudinal multilevel modeling (MLM) demonstrated that higher levels of maternal depression predicted lower levels of involvement over time. PTS reexperiencing symptoms were positively related to involvement, such that mothers with higher levels of reexperiencing reported higher levels of involvement. An independent longitudinal MLM revealed that higher amounts of IPV exposure and higher levels of PTS arousal symptoms were associated with higher levels of spanking, while maternal employment was associated with lower levels of this same parenting behavior. Maternal involvement increased over time, where there was no significant change in spanking over time, and no effect of the intervention program on either parenting practice. Results suggest clinical interventions should target reductions in depression and specific PTS symptom subdomains as pathways to improving parenting in IPV-exposed Latinas. Continued study is needed to understand the relationship between reexperiencing and maternal involvement.

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