Intergenerational Continuity in Child Maltreatment: Explicating Underlying Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091454
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Martoccio ◽  
Lisa J. Berlin ◽  
Elizabeth M. Aparicio ◽  
Karen Appleyard Carmody ◽  
Kenneth A. Dodge
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Child Victimization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The current study examined direct and indirect effects of a mother’s history of childhood physical and sexual abuse on her child’s officially reported victimization. This prospective, longitudinal study followed a community-based sample of 499 mothers and their children. Mothers (35% White/non-Latina, 34% Black/non-Latina, 23% Latina, and 7% other) were recruited and interviewed during pregnancy, and child protective services records were reviewed for the presence of the participants’ target child between birth and age 3.5. Whereas both types of maternal maltreatment history doubled the child’s risk of child protective services investigation, mothers’ sexual abuse history conferred significantly greater risk. Pathways to child victimization varied by type of maternal maltreatment history. Mothers who had been physically abused later demonstrated interpersonal aggressive response biases, which mediated the path to child victimization. In contrast, the association between maternal history of sexual abuse and child victimization was mediated by mothers’ substance use problems. Study implications center on targeting child maltreatment prevention efforts according to the mother’s history and current problems.

Who Is and Is Not Served by Child Protective Services Systems? Implications for a Prevention Infrastructure to Reduce Child Maltreatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 692 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-202
Author(s):  
Kristen S. Slack ◽  
Lawrence M. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Child Maltreatment Prevention

The majority of alleged abuse or neglect reports to the U.S. child welfare system are either screened out prior to an investigation (i.e., at the “hotline” stage) or investigated only to be closed with no finding of immediate child safety concerns. Yet while many of these children and families are at risk of subsequent incidents of child maltreatment or child welfare system involvement, they are not systematically offered services or benefits intended to reduce this risk at the point that child protective services (CPS) ends its involvement. This article provides an overview of the “front end” of the child welfare system, commonly referred to as CPS, highlighting which families are served and which are not. We then argue for a systematic and coordinated child maltreatment prevention infrastructure that incorporates elements of “community response” programs that several U.S. states have implemented in recent years. Such programs are focused on families that have been reported to, and sometimes investigated by, CPS, but no ongoing CPS case is opened. We further argue that such programs need to pay particular attention to economic issues that these families face.

Child Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-806
Author(s):  
ALLAN R. DE JONG ◽  
MIMI ROSE
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Iron Pyrite ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Physical Evidence

In Reply.— We thank Dr Smith for his interesting perspective regarding screening for child abuse. We had hoped our article would help physicians focus on the verbal evidence of abuse and show how insensitive the physical evidence is in predicting which child had been abused sexually. To apply the principles of sensitivity and specificity to the assessment of child abuse or sexual abuse, we must have a gold standard which characterizes these problems. Neither a child protective services decision nor a legal determination of "no proven abuse" can be used as a gold standard, unless we can accept a "gold standard" made of iron pyrite.

scholarly journals Association of Housing Stress With Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802093913
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Chandler ◽  
Anna E. Austin ◽  
Meghan E. Shanahan
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Public Health

Child maltreatment is a significant public health issue in the United States. Understanding key risk factors for child maltreatment is critical to informing effective prevention. Poverty is an established risk factor for child maltreatment. However, recent research indicates that material hardship (i.e., difficulties meeting basic needs) may serve as a more direct measure of the way in which poverty affects daily life. One form of material hardship that is common among families is housing stress. Previous reviews have summarized the existing literature regarding the association of economic insecurity with child maltreatment, but no reviews have synthesized and critically evaluated the literature specific to the association of various types of housing stress with child maltreatment. We conducted a systematic search of multiple electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed studies conducted in the U.S. regarding the association of housing stress with child maltreatment. We identified 21 articles that used nine distinct measures of housing stress including homelessness or eviction, homeless or emergency shelter stays, foreclosure filing, housing instability, inadequate housing, physical housing risk, living doubled-up, housing unaffordability, and composite housing stress indicators. Overall, results from this body of literature indicate that housing stress is associated with an increased likelihood of caregiver or child self-reported maltreatment, child protective services (CPS) reports, investigated and substantiated CPS reports, out-of-home placements, and maltreatment death. Additional theory-driven research is needed to further our understanding of the contribution of specific types of housing stress to risk for specific types of maltreatment.

scholarly journals Associations between patterns in comorbid diagnostic trajectories of individuals with schizophrenia and etiological factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Dybdahl Krebs ◽  
Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo ◽  
Michael Eriksen Benros ◽  
Ole Mors ◽  
Anders D. Børglum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Factors ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Danish Health ◽  
Stable Clusters ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Ordered Pairs

AbstractSchizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder, exhibiting variability in presentation and outcomes that complicate treatment and recovery. To explore this heterogeneity, we leverage the comprehensive Danish health registries to conduct a prospective, longitudinal study from birth of 5432 individuals who would ultimately be diagnosed with schizophrenia, building individual trajectories that represent sequences of comorbid diagnoses, and describing patterns in the individual-level variability. We show that psychiatric comorbidity is prevalent among individuals with schizophrenia (82%) and multi-morbidity occur more frequently in specific, time-ordered pairs. Three latent factors capture 79% of variation in longitudinal comorbidity and broadly relate to the number of co-occurring diagnoses, the presence of child versus adult comorbidities and substance abuse. Clustering of the factor scores revealed five stable clusters of individuals, associated with specific risk factors and outcomes. The presentation and course of schizophrenia may be associated with heterogeneity in etiological factors including family history of mental disorders.

Child Sex Abuse and Recovered Memories of Abuse: Looking Back, Looking Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-380
Author(s):  
Susan P. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Recovered Memories ◽  
Sex Abuse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Child Sex Abuse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
Over Time

Sexual abuse of children has garnered a substantial amount of empirical research, state and federal legislation, and media coverage in the past several decades. This article briefly examines the history of child maltreatment and child sexual abuse (CSA) and societal responses to it. A review of selected articles on CSA that were published since the inception of Families in Society reveals how our knowledge of and ideas about sexual abuse, the perpetrators, responses to abuse allegations, and the Freudian concept of repression have changed over time. The phenomenon of repressed and recovered memories of abuse is also discussed, including the articles that were published in the journal. Despite continued disagreement in the field between researchers and clinicians, a summary is provided detailing points of consensus related to CSA and recovered memories.

scholarly journals Determinants of Antidepressant Treatment and Outpatient Rehabilitation Within the First Year After Stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 089198872097374
Author(s):  
Simon Ladwig ◽  
Katja Werheid
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Individual Determinants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

This study aims to identify individual determinants of antidepressant treatment and outpatient rehabilitation after stroke. People with ischemic stroke ( N = 303) recruited at 2 inpatient rehabilitation clinics were included into a prospective longitudinal study with follow-up telephone interviews 6 and 12 months later. Participants reported on their use of antidepressant medication and psychotherapy as well as physical, occupational, speech, and neuropsychological therapy. The use of antidepressants at discharge ( n = 65, 23.8%) was predicted by the severity of depressive symptoms, severity of stroke, history of depression, and use of antidepressants at admission (all p < .05, R 2= .55). The number of outpatient rehabilitation services used at follow-ups was predicted by higher functional and cognitive impairment, higher education, younger age, severity of depressive symptoms, and lower self-efficacy (all p < .05; R 2 6M = .24, R 2 12M = .49). The relevance of identified determinants for the improvement of treatment rates after stroke is discussed.

Outcomes of Reporting Child Maltreatment to Child Protective Services

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Cross ◽  
Betsy Goulet ◽  
Jesse Helton ◽  
Emily Lux ◽  
Tamara Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Protective Services
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