Childhood Sexual Abuse and Exposure to Peer Bullying Victimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110374
Author(s):  
Reeve S. Kennedy ◽  
Sarah A. Font ◽  
Ann-Christin Haag ◽  
Jennie G. Noll
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Peer Bullying ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Females exposed to child sexual abuse (CSA) are at an increased risk of experiencing further victimization in adolescence. Associations between CSA and several forms of cyber and in-person peer bullying victimization were assessed in a prospective, longitudinal study. Females exposed to substantiated CSA and a matched comparison group (N = 422) were followed over a two-year period. Bullying experiences were assessed in both survey and qualitative interviews. Qualitative data were coded and used to describe the types (e.g., cyber, physical, verbal), and foci (e.g., threats, physical appearance) of bullying victimization. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds that CSA was associated with subsequent bullying victimization, adjusted for demographics, social networking use, and prior bullying. CSA-exposed females were at an increased risk of multiple forms of bullying victimization with a persistent risk of bullying victimization over time. Specifically, they had 2.6 times higher odds of experiencing any bullying at follow-up, 2.9 times higher odds of experiencing cyberbullying at follow-up, and 2 times higher odds of experiencing combined cyber/in-person bullying at follow-up. CSA-exposed females were more likely than comparison females to experience bullying regarding their appearance/weight and dating relationships. Findings provide further insight into the unique circumstances of the cyberbullying and in-person bullying experienced by CSA-exposed females. Females exposed to child sexual abuse (CSA) are at an increased risk of experiencing bullying victimization, specifically cyberbullying and combined cyber/in-person bullying, as well as bullying about their appearance and dating relationships. These findings indicate that bullying prevention needs to include trauma-focused components to target these uniquely vulnerable females.

scholarly journals Growth hormone replacement does not increase serum prostate-specific antigen in hypopituitary men over 50 years

2002 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW le Roux ◽  
PJ Jenkins ◽  
SL Chew ◽  
C Camacho-Hubner ◽  
AB Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Serum Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk for prostate carcinoma in men with serum IGF-I in the upper part of the age-related reference range. Recombinant human GH (rhGH) is widely used in patients with GH deficiency, usually raising the serum IGF-I levels into the normal range: safety surveillance is therefore mandatory, with particular regard to neoplasia. The aim was to examine whether rhGH replacement in hypopituitary adults is associated with changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a surrogate marker of changes in prostatic growth. DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was used with a median follow-up of 22 (range 2.5-32) months, in which 41 men aged over 50 years with adult onset hypopituitarism and GH deficiency during rhGH replacement were examined. Serum PSA and IGF-I were measured at baseline and at latest follow-up. RESULTS: Mean serum PSA remained unchanged during rhGH replacement, with a median follow-up of 2 years. No correlation was found between the individual changes in serum IGF-I and changes in serum PSA. CONCLUSIONS: These data are reassuring thus far regarding the safety of GH replacement in relation to the prostate in this patient group.

Subclinical progression of systemic sclerosis-related cardiomyopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 1876-1886
Author(s):  
Giulia Stronati ◽  
Lucia Manfredi ◽  
Alessia Ferrarini ◽  
Lucia Zuliani ◽  
Marco Fogante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Heart Involvement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Aims Cardiac involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequent and represents a negative prognostic factor. Recent studies have described subclinical heart involvement of both the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) via speckle-tracking-derived global longitudinal strain (GLS). It is currently unknown if SSc-related cardiomyopathy progresses through time. Our aim was to assess the progression of subclinical cardiac involvement in patients with SSc via speckle-tracking-derived GLS. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal study enrolling 72 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of SSc and no structural heart disease nor pulmonary hypertension. A standard echocardiographic exam and GLS calculations were performed at baseline and at follow-up. Results Traditional echocardiographic parameters did not differ from baseline to 20-month follow-up. LV GLS, despite being already impaired at baseline, worsened significantly during follow-up (from –19.8 ± 3.5% to –18.7 ± 3.5%, p = .034). RV GLS impairment progressed through the follow-up period (from –20.9 ± 6.1% to –18.7 ± 5.4%, p = .013). The impairment was more pronounced for the endocardial layers of both LV (from –22.5 ± 3.9% to –21.4 ± 3.9%, p = .041) and RV (–24.2 ± 6.2% to –20.6 ± 5.9%, p = .001). A 1% worsening in RV GLS was associated with an 18% increased risk of all-cause death or major cardiovascular event ( p = .03) and with a 55% increased risk of pulmonary hypertension ( p = .043). Conclusion SSC-related cardiomyopathy progresses over time and can be detected by speckle-tracking GLS. The highest progression towards reduced deformation was registered for the endocardial layers, which supports the hypothesis that microvascular dysfunction is the main determinant of heart involvement in SSc patients and starts well before overt pulmonary hypertension.

Child Sexual Abuse and Risk of Revictimization: Impact of Child Demographics, Sexual Abuse Characteristics, and Psychiatric Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755952093266
Author(s):  
Nina Papalia ◽  
Emily Mann ◽  
James R. P. Ogloff
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Abused Children ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Approximately half of child sexual abuse (CSA) victims report sexual revictimization later in life; however, there is limited rigorous evidence concerning factors contributing to sexual and nonsexual forms of revictimization. This article investigates the relationships between CSA and a range of revictimization experiences. It also examines the role of other individual-level factors (demographics, CSA characteristics, psychiatric disorders) in the risk of revictimization. The study compares data from a prospective-longitudinal study of 2,759 Australian children (<17 years old) alleged to have experienced contact–CSA between 1964 and 1995, and a comparison group matched on sex and age. In each case, CSA was deemed likely to have occurred according to expert forensic medical opinion. Abused children and comparisons were followed to age 35 years on average, and their lifetime official crime victimization histories and public mental health service records were extracted from statewide population-level administrative databases. Relative to comparisons, CSA victims experienced significantly higher rates of revictimization, with marked elevations in odds for interpersonal revictimization (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, threats of violence, and stalking). The CSA–physical assault relationship was moderated by sex, with a stronger association for female victims. Among CSA victims, victim sex, age at index abuse, and several psychiatric diagnostic categories were independently associated with revictimization risk, with different patterns of vulnerability emerging depending on the nature of revictimization. Overall, CSA victims are vulnerable to a range of revictimization experiences later in life. Findings have implications for the identification of particular groups of sexually abused children at heightened risk for revictimization and the role mental health services may play in mitigating risk.

scholarly journals Paresthesia Predicts Increased Risk of Distal Neuropathic Pain in Older People with HIV-Associated Sensory Polyneuropathy

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Diaz ◽  
John R Keltner ◽  
Alan N Simmons ◽  
Donald Franklin ◽  
Raeanne C Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Pain ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Sensory Polyneuropathy

Abstract Objective Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is a disabling consequence of HIV, leading to poor quality of life and more frequent falls in older age. Neuropathic pain and paresthesia are prevalent symptoms, however there are currently no known curative treatments and the longitudinal course of pain in HIV-associated DSP is poorly characterized. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal study of 265 PWH enrolled in the CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study with baseline and 12-year follow-up evaluations. Since pain and paresthesia are highly correlated, statistical decomposition was used to separate the two symptoms at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression analyses of decomposed variables were used to determine the effects of neuropathy symptoms at baseline on presence and worsening of distal neuropathic pain at 12-year follow-up, adjusted for covariates. Results Mean age was 56 ± 8 years, and 21% were female at follow-up. Nearly the entire cohort (96%) was on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 82% had suppressed (≤50 copies/mL) plasma viral loads at follow-up. Of those with pain at follow-up (n = 100), 23% had paresthesia at the initial visit. Decomposed paresthesia at baseline increased the risk of pain at follow-up (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18, 2.07), and decomposed pain at baseline predicted a higher frequency of pain at follow-up (OR 1.96 [1.51, 2.58]). Conclusions Paresthesias are a clinically significant predictor of incident pain at follow-up among aging PWH with DSP. Development of new therapies to encourage neuroregeneration might take advantage of this finding to choose individuals likely to benefit from treatment preventing incident pain.

Initial reporting from the prospective National Cancer Institute (NCI) COVID-19 in Cancer Patients Study (NCCAPS).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6565-6565
Author(s):  
Larissa A. Korde ◽  
Ana F. Best ◽  
Sacha Gnjatic ◽  
Andrea M. Denicoff ◽  
Grace E. Mishkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

6565 Background: Patients (pts) with cancer are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to characterize the severity, sequelae and outcomes in pts with cancer who develop COVID-19. Methods: NCCAPS is a prospective, longitudinal study (NCT04387656) aiming to accrue 2,000 pts with cancer undergoing active treatment or prior stem cell transplant for hematologic or solid tumor malignancy. Adult patients are eligible to enroll within 14 days of their first positive SARS-CoV-2 test; pediatric patients may also enroll retrospectively. Clinical data, patient-reported outcomes, blood specimens, and imaging are collected for up to 2 years. This abstract provides initial baseline and 2-month follow-up data. Results: As of Jan 22, 2021, 585 pts (552 adults and 33 pediatric pts) had complete baseline data and of these pts, 215 adults had 2 months of complete follow-up data. 23.4% of adults and 42.4% of pediatric pts were of non-White race and/or Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity. The most common cancer diagnoses were breast (19.6%), lung (9.9%) and multiple myeloma (8.9%) in adults and acute leukemia (AML/ALL; 63.6%) in children. The most recent treatment was chemotherapy in 38.2%, immunotherapy in 9.6%, and radiation in 5.4%. Median time from positive SARS-CoV-2 test to study enrollment was 10.5 days in adults and 18 days in pediatric pts. Preliminary analysis of plasma cytokines will be presented. At enrollment, 84.6% of adults had COVID-19 symptoms. 55.9% reported symptoms 2 weeks after their positive SARS-CoV-2 test; this fell to 39.0% at 1 month and 28.8% at 2 months (see Table). Of the 215 adults with complete data at 2 months, sequelae included pulmonary (n=22, 10%), cardiovascular (n=12, 6%) thromboembolic (n=9, 4%), bleeding (n=9, 4%) and gastrointestinal (n=11, 5%). 144 (67%) reported at least one cancer treatment disruption in the first 2 months, most commonly delayed therapy (n=98; 46%).Of the 348 adults with baseline data and SARS-CoV-2 test date prior to Nov 23, 2020, 6.3% had died (median time from SARS-CoV-2 test to death: 27 days), and 22.1% reported at least one hospitalization for COVID-19. No deaths were reported in the pediatric population. Conclusion: Cancer pts with COVID-19 report ongoing symptoms after acute infection and a substantial number develop sequelae. Cancer treatment disruptions are common in the initial months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Longer follow-up will inform whether these treatment disruptions are associated with adverse outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT04387656. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Depression and Social Anxiety Predict Internet Use Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents at 12-Month Follow-Up: Results From a Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Leo ◽  
Sonja Kewitz ◽  
Lutz Wartberg ◽  
Katajun Lindenberg
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Trajectories of internalizing disorders and behavioral addictions are still largely unknown. Research shows that both disorders are highly comorbid. Previous longitudinal studies have focused on associations between internalizing disorders and behavioral addictions using screening instruments. Our aim was to develop and examine a theory-based model of trajectories, according to which internalizing disorders foster symptoms of Internet use disorders, mediated by a reward deprivation and maladaptive emotion regulation. We applied clinically relevant measures for depression and social anxiety in a prospective longitudinal study with a 12-month follow-up investigation. On the basis of an at-risk population of 476 students (mean age = 14.99 years, SD = 1.99), we investigated the predictive influence of clinically relevant depression and social anxiety at baseline (t1) on Internet use disorder symptoms at 12-month follow-up (t2) using multiple linear regression analyses. Our results showed that both clinically relevant depression and social anxiety significantly predicted symptom severity of Internet use disorders one year later after controlling for baseline symptoms of Internet use disorders, gender and age. These results remained robust after including both depression and social anxiety simultaneously in the model, indicating an independent influence of both predictors on Internet use disorder symptoms. The present study enhances knowledge going beyond a mere association between internalizing disorders and Internet use disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating clinically relevant depression and social anxiety to predict future Internet use disorder symptoms at 12-month follow-up. In line with our model of trajectories, a significant temporal relationship between clinically relevant internalizing disorders and Internet use disorder symptoms at 12-month follow-up was confirmed. Further studies should investigate the mediating role of reward deprivation and maladaptive emotion regulation, as postulated in our model. One implication of these findings is that clinicians should pay particular attention to the increased risk of developing behavioral addictions for adolescents with depression and social anxiety.

scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse, Self-esteem, and Delinquent Behaviors During Adolescence: The Moderating Role of Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110014
Author(s):  
Amélie Gauthier-Duchesne ◽  
Martine Hébert ◽  
Martin Blais
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
School Students ◽  
Delinquent Behaviors ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Complex Phenomena

To reflect the complex phenomena of child sexual abuse (CSA), studies should examine possible gender specificities and explore potentially explanatory mechanisms. The current study aimed to test the moderating effect of gender in the mediated relationship between CSA, self-esteem, and delinquency during adolescence. A moderated mediation model was tested among a representative sample of 8,194 high school students (57.8% girls and 42.2% boys) age 14 to 18 in the province of Quebec in Canada. Results showed that self-esteem has an indirect effect on the relationship between CSA and delinquency. Gender (being a boy) was associated with a higher level of self-esteem and an increased risk of delinquent behaviors. Among victims of CSA, boys reported lower levels of self-esteem than girls, which was associated with an increased risk of displaying delinquent behaviors. Self-esteem may be an important target of intervention for sexually abused youth, especially for boys. Focusing on promoting positive self-esteem may also reduce the risk for male adolescents struggling with the deleterious consequences of delinquency.

Prospective longitudinal study of depression and anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Starkstein ◽  
Erán Chemerinski ◽  
Liliana Sabe ◽  
Gabriela Kuzis ◽  
Gustavo Petracca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundThe aim was to examine the longitudinal evolution of depression and anosognosia in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodSixty-two of a consecutive series of 116 AD patients that were examined with a structured psychiatric interview had a follow-up evaluation between one and two years after the initial evaluation.ResultsAt the initial evaluation 19% of the 62 patients had major depression, 34% had dysthymia, and 47% were not depressed. After a mean follow-up of 16 months, 58% of patients with major depression at the initial evaluation were still depressed, whereas only 28% of patients with initial dysthymia and 21% of the non-depressed patients were depressed at follow-up. During the follow-up period, all three groups showed similar declines in cognitive status and activities of daily living. At the initial evaluation, 39% of the patients had anosognosia, and there was a significant increment of anosognosia during the follow-up period.ConclusionsWhile dysthymia in AD is a brief emotional disorder, major depression is a longer-lasting mood change. Anosognosia is another prevalent disorder among AD patients, and increases with the progression of the illness.

scholarly journals Cognitive Complaints in Survivors of Breast Cancer After Chemotherapy Compared With Age-Matched Controls: An Analysis From a Nationwide, Multicenter, Prospective Longitudinal Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Janelsins ◽  
Charles E. Heckler ◽  
Luke J. Peppone ◽  
Charles Kamen ◽  
Karen M. Mustian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Community Oncology ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose Cancer-related cognitive impairment is an important problem for patients with breast cancer, yet its trajectory is not fully understood. Some previous cancer-related cognitive impairment research is limited by heterogeneous populations, small samples, lack of prechemotherapy and longitudinal assessments, use of normative data, and lack of generalizability. We addressed these limitations in a large prospective, longitudinal, nationwide study. Patients and Methods Patients with breast cancer from community oncology clinics and age-matched noncancer controls completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) at prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy and at a 6-month follow-up as an a priori exploratory aim. Longitudinal models compared FACT-Cog scores between patients and controls at the three assessments and adjusted for age, education, race, menopausal status, and baseline reading ability, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. A minimal clinically important difference cutoff determined percentages of impairment over time. Results Of patients, 581 patients with breast cancer (mean age, 53 years; 48% anthracycline-based regimens) and 364 controls (mean age, 53 years) were assessed. Patients reported significantly greater cognitive difficulties on the FACT-Cog total score and four subscales from prechemotherapy to postchemotherapy compared with controls as well as from prechemotherapy to 6-month follow-up (all P < .001). Increased baseline anxiety, depression, and decreased cognitive reserve were significantly associated with lower FACT-Cog total scores. Treatment regimen, hormone, or radiation therapy was not significantly associated with FACT-Cog total scores in patients from postchemotherapy to 6-month follow-up. Patients were more likely to report a clinically significant decline in self-reported cognitive function than were controls from prechemotherapy to postchemotherapy (45.2% v 10.4%) and from prechemotherapy to 6-month follow-up (36.5% v 13.6%). Conclusion Patients with breast cancer who were treated in community oncology clinics report substantially more cognitive difficulties up to 6 months after treatment with chemotherapy than do age-matched noncancer controls.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document