Unpacking Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: The Relative Importance of Hazardous Alcohol Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110441
Author(s):  
Siobhan Lawler ◽  
Lexine Stapinski ◽  
Maree Teesson ◽  
Katrina Prior ◽  
Miguel Basto-Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

Young adulthood is an important developmental period for investigating the nature of violent behavior. This study examines the unique contribution of alcohol use to violence perpetration among young adults in the Australian community, after accounting for the influence of sociodemographic, early life, trait, and well-being influences. Cross-sectional, self-report data was collected from 507 young adults aged 18-20 years in the Australian general community via an online survey. Sequential logistic regressions examined the relative and independent contribution of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), impulsivity, psychological distress, and hazardous alcohol use to past-year violent behavior. Results show one in eight young adults aged 18-20 (13%) reported at least one act of violent behavior in the past year, primarily assault perpetrated against another person. Sequential logistic regression identified that after controlling for other risk factors, the number of ACEs reported and hazardous alcohol use were independently and positively associated with increased odds of reporting violent behavior in young adulthood. These findings demonstrate that ACEs and hazardous alcohol use are important, independent correlates of violent behavior in young adults. While preventing early adversity is key for reducing violence in the community, this evidence suggests that it is also important to target proximal causes such as hazardous alcohol use. Increasing early and widespread access to evidence-based, trauma-informed violence-prevention programs targeting risk factors across multiple settings is critical for reducing harm and supporting young people into healthy adulthood.

scholarly journals UK veterans’ mental health and well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e049815
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Sharp ◽  
Danai Serfioti ◽  
Margaret Jones ◽  
Howard Burdett ◽  
David Pernet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Health And Well Being

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of UK ex-service personnel (veterans) before and during the pandemic, and to assess associations of COVID-19 experiences and stressors with mental health, alcohol use and loneliness.DesignAn additional wave of data was collected from a longitudinal cohort study of the UK Armed Forces.SettingOnline survey June–September 2020.ParticipantsCohort members were included if they had completed a questionnaire at phase 3 of the King’s Centre for Military Health Research health and well-being study (2014–2016), had left the Armed Forces after regular service, were living in the UK, had consented to follow-up and provided a valid email address. Invitation emails were sent to N=3547 with a 44% response rate (n=1562).Primary outcome measuresCommon mental health disorders (CMDs) (measured using the General Health Questionnaire, 12 items—cut-off ≥4), hazardous alcohol use (measured using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, 10 items—cut off ≥8) and loneliness (University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale— 3 items-cut-off ≥6).ResultsVeterans reported a statistically significant decrease in hazardous drinking of 48.5% to 27.6%, while CMD remained stable (non-statistically significant increase of 24.5% to 26.1%). 27.4% of veterans reported feelings of loneliness. The COVID-19 stressors of reporting difficulties with family/social relationships, boredom and difficulties with health were statistically significantly associated with CMD, hazardous drinking and loneliness, even after adjustment for previous mental health/hazardous alcohol use.ConclusionsOur study suggests a COVID-19 impact on veterans’ mental health, alcohol use and loneliness, particularly for those experiencing difficulties with family relationships. Veterans experienced the pandemic in similar ways to the general population and in some cases may have responded in resilient ways. While stable levels of CMD and reduction in alcohol use are positive, there remains a group of veterans who may need mental health and alcohol treatment services.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic stress and hazardous alcohol use in trauma-exposed young adults: indirect effects of self-disgust

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Sonnier ◽  
C. Alex Brake ◽  
Jessica Flores ◽  
Christal L. Badour
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

Routine alcohol screening in the ED: unscreened patients have an increased risk for hazardous alcohol use

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Merel van Loon ◽  
Roos C Van der Mast ◽  
M Christien van der Linden ◽  
Floris A van Gaalen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Consumption ◽  
A Prospective Study

BackgroundRoutine screening programmes for hazardous alcohol use in the ED miss large numbers of patients. We investigated whether patient-related or staff-related factors cause screening failures and whether unscreened patients are at increased risk of hazardous alcohol use.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a prospective study. From November 2012 to November 2013, all adult patients visiting a Dutch inner city ED were screened for hazardous alcohol consumption using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. Reasons for failure of screening were categorised as: (A) patient is unable to cooperate (due to illness or pain, decreased consciousness or incomprehension due to intoxication, psychiatric, cognitive or neurological disorder or language barrier), (B) healthcare professional forgot to ask, (C) patient refuses cooperation and (D) screening was recently performed (<6 months ago). Presence of risk factors for hazardous alcohol use was compared between screened and unscreened patients.ResultsOf the 28 019 ED patients, 18 310 (65%) were screened and 9709 (35%) were not. In 7150 patients staff forgot to screen, whereas 2559 patients were not screened due to patient factors (2340 being unable and 219 unwilling). Patients with any of these risk factors were less likely to be screened: male sex, alcohol-related visit, any intoxication, head injury, any kind of wound and major trauma. In multivariate analysis, all these risk factors were independently associated with not being screened. Patients with at least one risk factor for hazardous alcohol use were less likely to be screened. Highest prevalence of risk factors was found in patients unable or unwilling to cooperate.ConclusionPatients who do not undergo routine screening for alcohol use at triage in the ED have an increased risk for hazardous alcohol use. These data highlight the importance of screening patients, especially those initially unwilling or unable to cooperate, at a later stage.

scholarly journals Anxiety-related Endophenotypes and Hazardous Alcohol Use in Young Adults are Associated with a Functional Polymorphism in the SLC6A4 Gene

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Karen M. Jiménez ◽  
Angela J. Pereira-Morales ◽  
Ana Adan ◽  
Sandra Lopez-Leon ◽  
Diego A. Forero
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Functional Polymorphism ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
And Gender

Background: A functional polymorphism (5-HTTLPR, rs4795541) in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene has been shown as an important candidate for several psychiatric and behavioral traits. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the possible interaction of this polymorphism with physical neglect in childhood on the presentation of anxiety traits and hazardous alcohol consumption in young Colombian subjects. Methods: 272 young adults (mean age: 21.3 years) were evaluated with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, the Big Five Inventory, the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, the Alcohol, Smoking, Substance Involvement Screening Test and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Genotyping for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was carried out using conventional PCR. A linear regression model, corrected by age and gender, was used. Results: We found that individuals with the L/L genotype showed higher scores on physical neglect (p=0.0047), anxiety symptoms (p=0.028), neuroticism (p=0.019) and perceived stress (p=0.035). L/L genotype was a risk factor for hazardous alcohol use in young adults (OR=3.06, p=0.0003). No GxE interactions were observed in our data. Conclusion: Our results provide novel evidence for the role of a functional polymorphism in the SLC6A4 gene on the relationship of childhood trauma, anxiety-related traits and risky consumption of alcohol.

scholarly journals Hazardous alcohol use among transwomen in a Brazilian city

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Kerr-Corrêa ◽  
Francisco Marto Leal Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
Telma Alves Martins ◽  
Daniel Lucas da Conceição Costa ◽  
Raimunda Hermelinda Maia Macena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract: There is a lack of information about alcohol use by transgender women. We estimated the prevalence of dangerous alcohol use in the last 12 months by transgender women, who are known as travestis in Brazil, and we identified the associated risk factors. Three hundred travestis were recruited using Respondent Driving Sampling (RDS). We applied the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). We controlled the sample by applying a weight to each interviewee. Three quarters (74.2%) of travestis were regular drinkers, half (48.7%) scored over eight in the AUDIT and 14.8% scored over 20. The risk factors for alcohol use were: aged over 24, low income and unprotected sex. The dangerous use of alcohol is prevalent among travestis. Given that this group has a greater risk of HIV infection and transmission, and that the dangerous use of alcohol was associated with unsafe sex, specific intervention strategies are required.

scholarly journals Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e041574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Knight ◽  
David Harman ◽  
Joanne R Morling ◽  
Guruprasad Aithal ◽  
Timothy Card ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Primary Care Setting ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Patient Awareness ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

ObjectivesThe increasing incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the UK may be attributed to a rise in preventable risk factors, including hazardous alcohol use and type 2 diabetes. Transient elastography (TE) can rapidly stratify risk of CLD in primary care populations and provide an opportunity to raise patient awareness of risk factors.This study explores patients’ experiences of TE screening in a primary care setting. In addition, patient awareness of CLD risk is explored.Study design and settingThis study used a qualitative process evaluation of a community screening pathway for CLD (Nottingham, UK). Participants completed semistructured interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ParticipantsTwenty adults were purposively recruited 6 months to 2 years after TE screening. Inclusion criteria included (1) hazardous alcohol use, (2) type 2 diabetes and/or (3) persistently elevated liver enzymes without known cause.ResultsUndergoing TE in primary care was seen as acceptable to most participants. Hazardous alcohol use was identified as the primary cause of CLD; no participants were aware of metabolic risk factors. TE improved understanding of personal risk factors and prompted contemplation of lifestyle changes across all TE stratifications. However, participants’ perceptions of risk were altered by the healthcare providers’ communication of TE scores.ConclusionsHigh acceptability of TE, regardless of the risk factor, provides strong support for inclusion of TE stratification in primary care. Findings highlight the positive impact of receiving TE on risk awareness. Future clinical iterations should improve the structure and communication of TE results to patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document