scholarly journals Sociodemographic Predictors of Adherence to National Diet and Physical Activity Guidelines at Age 5 Years: The Healthy Start Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712096865
Author(s):  
Traci A. Bekelman ◽  
Katherine A. Sauder ◽  
Bonny Rockette-Wagner ◽  
Deborah H. Glueck ◽  
Dana Dabelea
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Sociodemographic Predictors ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Predictors Of Adherence

Purpose: To assess adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines, and identify sociodemographic predictors of adherence among children. Design: Cross sectional. Setting: Colorado, United States. Participants: Children aged 5 (n = 482). Measures: Sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal employment, maternal subjective social status and household income were assessed via questionnaires. Diet was assessed via 2 interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recalls. Physical activity was objectively-measured with accelerometry for 7 days. Adherence was defined as a Healthy Eating Index-2015 score of ≥70 and/or ≥6 hours/day of light, moderate and vigorous activity. Analysis: For each predictor, logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for adherence to the diet guidelines only, the activity guidelines only or both guidelines. Results: In the full sample, 29% of children were non-adherent to both guidelines, 6% adhered to the dietary guidelines only, 50% adhered to the activity guidelines only and 14% adhered to both. Girls had a 41% lower odds of adhering to the physical activity guidelines than boys (p = 0.01), after adjustment for race/ethnicity, household income and maternal education level, perceived social status and employment status. Conclusion: Efforts to improve the health of young children should promote adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans among all children. Targeted interventions that increase physical activity among girls may help to mitigate health disparities.

scholarly journals Conjoint Associations of Adherence to Physical Activity and Dietary Guidelines With Cardiometabolic Health: The Framingham Heart Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joowon Lee ◽  
Maura E. Walker ◽  
Maximillian T. Bourdillon ◽  
Nicole L. Spartano ◽  
Gail T. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Referent Group

Background The conjoint associations of adherence to the recent physical activity and dietary guidelines with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are incompletely understood. Methods and Results We evaluated 2379 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Third Generation participants (mean age, 47 years; 54.4% women) attending examination cycle 2. We examined the cross‐sectional relations of adherence to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (binary; moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity ≥150 versus <150 min/wk) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (binary; 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index ≥median versus <median [score, 62.1/100]) with prevalence of the MetS using generalized linear models. We also related adherence to guidelines with the incidence of MetS prospectively, using Cox proportional hazards regression with discrete time intervals. Adherence rates to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.40–0.60) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90) were individually associated with lower odds of prevalent MetS, whereas conjoint adherence to both guidelines was associated with the lowest odds of MetS (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.26–0.47) compared with the referent group (nonadherence to both guidelines). Adherence rates to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.88) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90) were associated with lower risk of MetS, prospectively. In addition, we observed a 52% lower risk of MetS in individuals who adhered to both guidelines compared with the referent group. Conclusions Maintaining both regular physical activity and a healthy diet in midlife may be required for optimal cardiometabolic health in later life.

Obesity prevalence in large US cities: association with socioeconomic indicators, race/ethnicity and physical activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Benusic ◽  
Lawrence J Cheskin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Us Cities

Abstract Background Obesity has a complex association with socioeconomic factors. Further clarification of this association could guide population interventions. Methods To determine the relationship between obesity prevalence, socioeconomic indicators, race/ethnicity, and physical activity, we performed a cross-sectional, multivariable linear regression, with data from large US cities participating in the Big Cities Health Inventory. Results Increased household income was significantly associated with decreased obesity prevalence, for White (−1.97% per 10 000USD), and Black (−3.02% per 10 000USD) populations, but not Hispanic. These associations remained significant when controlling for the proportion of the population meeting physical activity guidelines. Educational attainment had a co-linear relationship with income, and only a bachelor’s degree or higher was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity in White (−0.30% per percentage) and Black (−0.69% per percentage) populations. No association was found between obesity prevalence and the proportion of the population meeting physical activity guidelines for any race/ethnicity grouping. Conclusion At the population level of large US cities, obesity prevalence is inversely associated with median household income in White and Black populations. Strategies to increase socioeconomic status may also decrease obesity. Targeting attainment of physical activity guidelines as an obesity intervention needs further appraisal.

Predictors of adherence to physical activity guidelines in patients with diabetes mellitus in the US in 2017: An exploratory analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-653
Author(s):  
Greisy Martinez-Harvell ◽  
Florencia Goluboff ◽  
Pura Rodriguez ◽  
Grettel Castro ◽  
Noël C. Barengo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
The Us ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Predictors Of Adherence

scholarly journals Individual and Co-occurring SNAP Risk Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Balto ◽  
Ipek Ensari ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hubbard ◽  
Naiman Khan ◽  
Jennifer L. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Background: Smoking, poor nutrition, excess alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity underlie most preventable causes of morbidity in the general population and may be associated with comorbidities and health outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the frequency of co-occurrence of these risk factors in people with MS remains unclear. Methods: Sixty-nine individuals with MS completed self-report measures of smoking status, nutrition, alcohol use, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 analyses. Results: Poor diet was the most common risk factor, with 85.5% of the sample not meeting dietary guidelines. Of participants with two risk factors, 90.3% were not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines. Seventy-three percent of women were not meeting physical activity guidelines, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 7.5, P &lt; .01). There were also differential rates by sex of the most commonly co-occurring risk factors: 65% of women reported the co-occurrence of insufficient physical activity and poor diet, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 4.2, P = .05). Conclusions: These results indicate that 85.5% of the sample was not meeting nutrition guidelines, 90.3% of participants with two risk factors reported the co-occurrence of poor diet and insufficient levels of physical activity, and physical activity levels and the total number of risk factors varied across sex.

scholarly journals Sex-Stratified Trends in Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines, Participating in Sports, and Attending Physical Education Among US Adolescents, Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2009–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S102-S113
Author(s):  
Tiffany J. Chen ◽  
Kathleen B. Watson ◽  
Shannon L. Michael ◽  
Susan A. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior Survey ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Youth Physical Activity ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Background: During the past decade, guidelines for youth aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity remained unchanged. Active People, Healthy NationSM highlighted school and youth strategies (eg, sports and physical education [PE]) to increase physical activity. Sex, grade, and race/ethnicity disparities exist. This study examines sex-specific trends and differences by grade and race/ethnicity for the prevalence of 5 youth physical activity behaviors from 2009 to 2019. Methods: The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey assesses adolescents (grades 9–12) meeting the aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and both guidelines (2011–2019) and sports participation and daily PE (2009–2019). Sex-stratified logistic regression assessed trends and 2009 or 2011–2019 differences by grade and racial/ethnic subgroups. Results: Decreases in meeting the aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and both guidelines were observed for nearly all male subgroups by grade and race/ethnicity, whereas female subgroups exhibited declines or no change to low prevalence. Sports and PE participation remained mostly constant; select subgroups showed decreases (ie, Hispanic males [sports]; Black males and ninth-grade females [PE]). Conclusions: Past decade prevalence and patterns suggest that school-based and other strategies for all adolescents and tailored interventions for sex-specific subgroups may be needed to supplement sports and PE in promoting high school youth physical activity.

The Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Physician Recommendation for Physical Activity on Physical Activity Levels and Arthritis Symptoms Among Adults With Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Huckleby ◽  
Faustine Williams ◽  
Rose Ramos ◽  
Anna Napoles
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physician Recommendation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Relieve Symptom ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Background: Among U.S. adults with physician-diagnosed arthritis, we examined the effects of race/ethnicity and receiving physician exercise recommendation on meeting aerobic and strengthening physical activity guidelines, and arthritis symptoms, and whether race/ethnicity moderates the effects of physician recommendation on activity levels and symptoms.Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study of National Health Interview Survey pooled data from 2002, 2006, 2009, and 2014. The study included 27,887 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years with arthritis. Outcomes were meeting aerobic (yes/no) and strengthening guidelines (yes/no), arthritis-associated activity limitations (yes/no) and arthritis-related pain (0-10; higher score=more pain). Predictors were race/ethnicity (White, African American, Latino, and Asian) and receipt of physician recommendation for exercise (yes/no). Covariates included demographic and health characteristics and U.S. region.Results: Controlling for covariates, physician exercise recommendation was independently associated with meeting aerobic (AOR=1.14; 95% CI 1.06, 1.24) and strengthening (AOR=1.17; 95% CI 1.06, 1.28) guidelines; effects did not differ by race/ethnicity. African Americans were more likely than Whites to meet strengthening guidelines (AOR=1.22; 95% CI 1.07, 1.40) and Asians were less likely to meet aerobic (AOR=0.80; 95% CI 0.65, 0.99) and strengthening (AOR=0.76; 95% CI 0.60, 0.96) guidelines. Compared to Whites, African Americans (B=0.51; 95% CI 0.26, 0.76) and Latinos (B=0.43; 95% CI 0.14, 0.72) reported more severe, while Asians reported less severe (B=-0.60; 95% CI -1.17, -0.04) joint painConclusions: Disparities in pain exist for African Americans and Latinos with arthritis. Physician exercise recommendation is critical among patients with arthritis to relieve symptom burden.

scholarly journals Usual Intake of Food Patterns Components by Older Adults from WWEIA, NHANES 2013–2016 (P18-119-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Steinfeldt ◽  
Joseph Goldman ◽  
Alanna Moshfegh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Food Patterns ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Objectives Compare the usual intake of food patterns components to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) by demographics for adults age 51 and older. Methods This analysis is based on 24-hr recalls from 4736 individuals age 51 and older from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016 (WWEIA, NHANES). It uses the Food Patterns Equivalents Databases for 2013–2014 and 2015–2016. These databases contain the amounts of Food Patterns components for each food and beverage reported by each WWEIA, NHANES respondent. Usual intake distributions of selected food patterns components are estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. These distributions are then compared to the energy-specific recommendations in the DGA as appropriate for each respondent, based on age, sex, and physical activity level. The NHANES Physical Activity Questionnaire is used to classify respondents as sedentary, moderately active, or active. Results When estimating the Food Patterns component of total protein foods, the mean usual intake ± SE in ounce equivalents for adults age 51 and older, men had significantly higher intake than women (7.3 ± .13 vs 5.1 ± .10 (P < 0.001). The mean usual intake for adults age 71 and older was less than for those age 51–70 (P < 0.001) regardless of sex, race/ethnicity or income (P < 0.001). When considering the energy specific recommendation for total protein foods for adults 51 years and over, women were more likely than men to not meet their recommendation, 57% vs 38% (P < 0.001). Further, women age 71 and older were more likely to not meet their recommendation compared to those age 51–70 (70% vs 52%, P < 0.001), with the differences significant regardless of race/ethnicity and income (P < 0.001). Conclusions Overall, there are large percentages of adults age 51 and older who failed to meet the DGA recommendations for total protein foods. Comparing usual intake of older adults shows differences between men and women and by age, race/ethnicity, and income. Funding Sources ARS, USDA.

Child Temperament Varies by Race/Ethnicity, Maternal Education, and Household Income

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasvee Godbole ◽  
Anna Johnston ◽  
Jenni Rouse ◽  
David C. Schwebel
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Child Temperament ◽  
Race Ethnicity
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