scholarly journals Conjoint Associations of Adherence to Physical Activity and Dietary Guidelines With Cardiometabolic Health: The Framingham Heart Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joowon Lee ◽  
Maura E. Walker ◽  
Maximillian T. Bourdillon ◽  
Nicole L. Spartano ◽  
Gail T. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Referent Group

Background The conjoint associations of adherence to the recent physical activity and dietary guidelines with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are incompletely understood. Methods and Results We evaluated 2379 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Third Generation participants (mean age, 47 years; 54.4% women) attending examination cycle 2. We examined the cross‐sectional relations of adherence to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (binary; moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity ≥150 versus <150 min/wk) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (binary; 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index ≥median versus <median [score, 62.1/100]) with prevalence of the MetS using generalized linear models. We also related adherence to guidelines with the incidence of MetS prospectively, using Cox proportional hazards regression with discrete time intervals. Adherence rates to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.40–0.60) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90) were individually associated with lower odds of prevalent MetS, whereas conjoint adherence to both guidelines was associated with the lowest odds of MetS (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.26–0.47) compared with the referent group (nonadherence to both guidelines). Adherence rates to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.88) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90) were associated with lower risk of MetS, prospectively. In addition, we observed a 52% lower risk of MetS in individuals who adhered to both guidelines compared with the referent group. Conclusions Maintaining both regular physical activity and a healthy diet in midlife may be required for optimal cardiometabolic health in later life.

scholarly journals The conjoint associations of adherence to physical activity and dietary guidelines with cardiometabolic health: The Framingham Heart Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joowon Lee ◽  
Maura E. Walker ◽  
Maximillian T. Bourdillon ◽  
Nicole Spartano ◽  
Gail T. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Referent Group

Abstract Background The conjoint associations of adherence to the recent physical activity (PA) and dietary guidelines with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are incompletely understood. Methods We evaluated 2,379 Framingham Heart Study Third Generation participants (mean age 47 years, 54.4% women) attending examination cycle 2. We examined the cross-sectional relations of adherence to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG, binary; moderate to vigorous PA [MVPA] ≥ 150 minutes/week vs. <150 minutes/week) and 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA, binary; 2015 DGA adherence Index [DGAI-2015] ≥ median vs. <median [score 62.1/100]) with prevalence of the MetS using generalized linear models. We also related adherence to guidelines with the incidence of MetS prospectively, using Cox proportional hazards regression with discrete time intervals. Results Adherence to the 2018 PAG (odds ratio [OR] 0.49, 95% CI 0.40–0.60) and 2015 DGA (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.90) were individually associated with lower odds of prevalent MetS, while conjoint adherence to both guidelines was associated with the lowest odds of MetS (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.26–0.47) compared to the referent group (non-adherence to both guidelines). Adherence to the 2018 PAG (hazards ratio [HR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.88) and 2015 DGA (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.90) were associated with lower risk of MetS, prospectively. Additionally, we observed a 52% lower risk of MetS in individuals who adhered to both guidelines compared to the referent group. Conclusions Maintaining both regular physical activity and a healthy diet in midlife may be required for optimal cardiometabolic health in later life.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Predictors of Adherence to National Diet and Physical Activity Guidelines at Age 5 Years: The Healthy Start Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712096865
Author(s):  
Traci A. Bekelman ◽  
Katherine A. Sauder ◽  
Bonny Rockette-Wagner ◽  
Deborah H. Glueck ◽  
Dana Dabelea
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Sociodemographic Predictors ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Predictors Of Adherence

Purpose: To assess adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines, and identify sociodemographic predictors of adherence among children. Design: Cross sectional. Setting: Colorado, United States. Participants: Children aged 5 (n = 482). Measures: Sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal employment, maternal subjective social status and household income were assessed via questionnaires. Diet was assessed via 2 interviewer-administered 24-hour dietary recalls. Physical activity was objectively-measured with accelerometry for 7 days. Adherence was defined as a Healthy Eating Index-2015 score of ≥70 and/or ≥6 hours/day of light, moderate and vigorous activity. Analysis: For each predictor, logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for adherence to the diet guidelines only, the activity guidelines only or both guidelines. Results: In the full sample, 29% of children were non-adherent to both guidelines, 6% adhered to the dietary guidelines only, 50% adhered to the activity guidelines only and 14% adhered to both. Girls had a 41% lower odds of adhering to the physical activity guidelines than boys (p = 0.01), after adjustment for race/ethnicity, household income and maternal education level, perceived social status and employment status. Conclusion: Efforts to improve the health of young children should promote adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans among all children. Targeted interventions that increase physical activity among girls may help to mitigate health disparities.

Abstract MP059: Incremental Light Activity Associated with Greater Brain Volume in Individuals Not Meeting the Physical Activity Guidelines: Cross Sectional Observations from the Framingham Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L Spartano ◽  
Kendra L Davis-Plourde ◽  
Jayandra J Himali ◽  
Ludovic Trinquart ◽  
Charlotte Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Light Activity

Background: Recent evidence suggests that dementia appears linked to subclinical vascular changes, which may be attenuated by physical activity. The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PA-Guidelines) are currently set at 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week, as a target for adults to achieve favorable health outcomes, but make no specific recommendations for prevention of dementia. Many Americans fall well below the PA-Guidelines. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether there is a continuum of lower intensities and volumes of physical activity associated with healthy brain aging even in individuals not meeting the PA-Guidelines. Methods: We included Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants who wore an Actical accelerometer for ≥3 valid days (>10 h wear time per day) on their right hip during the most recent cohort examinations and completed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an average of 1.7 (±0.9) years later (n=2534): Offspring exam 9, Third Generation exam 2, and corresponding examinations of the Omni cohorts. Participants were excluded from this analysis if they had prevalent stroke or dementia (n=63) or met the 150 min MVPA per week PA-Guidelines (n=1158). Non-wear time (defined as 60 min of zero-counts, with two interruptions allowed) was removed. Sedentary time (<200 counts/min, <1.5 metabolic equivalents [METs]) and light activity (201-1485 counts/min, 1.5-3 METs) were only accumulated during 6 am-10 pm, were represented as proportions of wear time to account for differences in wear time among participants, and standardized to a 16 h day. MVPA (>1486 counts/min, ≥3 METs) and steps were accumulated at any time of day. The relations of physical activity measures to brain MRI measures were assessed using multivariable linear regression. Results: More than 53% of FHS participants did not meet the PA-Guidelines for MVPA during their last exam, and were thus included in this investigation (n=1313, 56 [±14] years old, 60% women). These participants took an average of 6149 [±3079] steps, spent 10.5 [±6.1] min MVPA, 13 h 36 min [±48 min] sedentary and 2 h 14 min [±48 min] in light activities per day. Each additional 40 min of light activity (spent in 1.5-3 METs) or 42 min less time spent sedentary was associated with 0.22% [±0.07%] greater total cerebral brain volume (TCBV), after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (p=0.001), equivalent to approximately 1.1 years less brain aging. Greater light activity and lower sedentary time were also associated with greater hippocampal volume (p<0.005). Conclusions: Our investigation demonstrates, in a community setting, that there may be a negative association of light physical activity with brain aging even among individuals not meeting the PA-Guidelines for MVPA.

scholarly journals Daily Inclusion of Potatoes Into a Dietary Guidelines for Americans-Based Dietary Pattern Does Not Adversely Impact Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
Sisi Cao ◽  
William Quarles ◽  
Emily Shaw ◽  
Geoffrey Sasaki ◽  
Priyankar Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Abstract Objectives Observational studies suggest that the regular ingestion of potatoes adversely affects cardiometabolic health, but controlled studies in humans are needed to establish causality. Our objective was to assess whether daily inclusion of non-fried potato foods as part of a Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)-based dietary pattern would impair cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods In a 2-arm, randomized controlled, crossover trial separated by a 2-wk washout period, MetS adults were provided a eucaloric DGA-based dietary pattern containing potato (350 g with 17.5 g/d resistant starch; POTATO) or an energy-matched bagel (0 g/d resistant starch; CON) for 14 d. Fasting blood was collected on d 0 and 14. On d 14, after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured and blood was collected at 30 min intervals for 2 h to assess vascular endothelial function and metabolic excursions, respectively. Circulating endotoxin, glucose, insulin, and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were assessed by spectrophotometry, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and arginine and its metabolites by HPLC. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results MetS adults (n = 27; 32.5 ± 1.3 y; 35.0 ± 1.0 kg/m2) completed the study with no adverse effects or significant changes in body weight. The 14-d DGA-based dietary pattern had a small but significant effect to decrease glucose (107 ± 1.9 vs. 102 ± 1.7 mg/dL; P = 0.04) and insulin (19 ± 2.9 vs. 14 ± 1.5 μIU/mL; P = 0.03), but these were unaffected by POTATO. Fasting endotoxin, NOx, and MDA and FMD were also unaffected by POTATO compared to CON, as were postprandial AUC0–2h of FMD, insulin, glucose, arginine, MDA, endotoxin, and NOx. Conclusions Findings of this acute controlled trial, which require long-term validation, support that a DGA-based dietary pattern may help to improve insulin resistance and that potatoes can be effectively incorporated into the diet without compromising vascular endothelial function or cardiometabolic health in persons with MetS. Funding Sources Alliance for Potato Research and Education.

scholarly journals Individual and Co-occurring SNAP Risk Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Balto ◽  
Ipek Ensari ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hubbard ◽  
Naiman Khan ◽  
Jennifer L. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Background: Smoking, poor nutrition, excess alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity underlie most preventable causes of morbidity in the general population and may be associated with comorbidities and health outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the frequency of co-occurrence of these risk factors in people with MS remains unclear. Methods: Sixty-nine individuals with MS completed self-report measures of smoking status, nutrition, alcohol use, physical activity levels, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The data were analyzed using t tests and χ2 analyses. Results: Poor diet was the most common risk factor, with 85.5% of the sample not meeting dietary guidelines. Of participants with two risk factors, 90.3% were not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines. Seventy-three percent of women were not meeting physical activity guidelines, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 7.5, P &lt; .01). There were also differential rates by sex of the most commonly co-occurring risk factors: 65% of women reported the co-occurrence of insufficient physical activity and poor diet, compared with 38% of men (χ2 = 4.2, P = .05). Conclusions: These results indicate that 85.5% of the sample was not meeting nutrition guidelines, 90.3% of participants with two risk factors reported the co-occurrence of poor diet and insufficient levels of physical activity, and physical activity levels and the total number of risk factors varied across sex.

scholarly journals Digital Peripheral Arterial Tonometry and Cardiovascular Disease Events: The Framingham Heart Study

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leroy L. Cooper ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Alexa S. Beiser ◽  
José Rafael Romero ◽  
Hugo J. Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Tonometry ◽  
Arterial Tonometry ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Background and Purpose: Novel noninvasive measures of vascular function are emerging as subclinical markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may be useful to predict CVD events. The purpose of our prospective study was to assess associations between digital peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) measures and first-onset major CVD events in a sample of FHS (Framingham Heart Study) participants. Methods: Using a fingertip PAT device, we assessed pulse amplitude in Framingham Offspring and Third Generation participants (n=3865; mean age, 55±14 years; 52% women) at baseline and in 30-second intervals for 4 minutes during reactive hyperemia. The PAT ratio (relative hyperemia index) was calculated as the post-to-pre occlusion pulse signal ratio in the occluded arm, relative to the same ratio in the control (nonoccluded) arm, and corrected for baseline vascular tone. Baseline pulse amplitude and PAT ratio during hyperemia are measures of pressure pulsatility and microvascular function in the finger, respectively. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to relate PAT measures in the fingertip to incident CVD events. Results: During follow-up (median, 9.2 years; range, 0.04–10.0 years), 270 participants (7%) experienced new-onset CVD events (n=270). In multivariable models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, baseline pulse amplitude (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.90–1.21]; P =0.57) and PAT ratio (HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.84–1.08]; P =0.43) were not significantly related to incident composite CVD events, including myocardial infarction or heart failure. However, higher PAT ratio (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61–0.94]; P =0.013), but not baseline pulse amplitude (HR, 1.15 [95% CI, 0.89–1.49]; P =0.29), was related to lower risk for incident stroke. In a sensitivity analysis by stroke subtype, higher PAT ratio was related to lower risk of incident ischemic stroke events (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.53–0.86]; P =0.001). Conclusions: Novel digital PAT measures may represent a marker of stroke risk in the community.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), Cognitive Function, and Incident Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (OR32-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Hu ◽  
Aozhou Wu ◽  
Jennifer Dearborn ◽  
Rebecca Gottesman ◽  
Lyn Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Aric Study

Abstract Objectives The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score was created to measure adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. It remains undetermined whether adherence to the newly released guidelines is associated with improved cognitive function or reduced incident dementia. Methods We assessed the diet of 13,632 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who were recruited from 1987–1989 and calculated their HEI-2015 scores (0–100) using responses to food frequency questionnaires. Baseline cognitive function was assessed using the Delayed Word Recall, Digit Symbol Substitution, and Word Fluency Tests. We used linear regression models to assess the cross-sectional association of adherence to HEI-2015 and standardized cognitive test scores. Incident dementia was ascertained through the end of 2017. Dementia status at the ARIC Neurocognitive Study visits (2011–13, 2016–17) was determined by detailed neurocognitive battery, informant interviews, and adjudicated review as well as through dementia screening by phone interview and informant review, or by ICD-9 dementia code for a hospitalization or death. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, genetic, and clinical covariates to estimate the association between HEI-2015 score and risk of incident dementia. Results Compared to participants in the lowest quintile of HEI-2015 score, participants in the highest quintile scored higher on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (β: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.11, P for trend < 0.001), Word Fluency Test (β: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.12, P for trend < 0.001) and global cognitive score (β: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10, P for trend = 0.003) (Table). In total, there were 2354 cases of incident dementia over a median follow-up of 25 years. Compared to participants in the lowest quintile, participants in other quintiles had a lower risk of incident dementia after adjusting for covariates. Participants in the highest quintile had a 19% lower risk of dementia compared to those in the lowest (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71–0.93, P for trend = 0.01). Conclusions Higher adherence to the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was associated with higher baseline cognitive function and lower risk of incident dementia. Funding Sources NHLBI, NIDDK, NIA, NINDS, NIH, HHS. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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